Banana Cultivation (Banana Plantation is a Commercial Agricultural Facility)
Introduction:
The banana is the world’s oldest and most widely consumed fruit. It is an essential fruit that contributes to India’s second-largest fruit industry. It’s a nutrient-dense, tasty, and easily digestible fruit. It is available at all times of the year. Bananas are high in carbohydrates as well as minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorous. Aside from fresh fruits, it can be eaten in refined ways such as chips, powder, flakes, and so on. The pseudo stem of a banana is chopped and fed to cattle. The leaves can also be used as a plate. Musa Cavendish and Musa paradisiaca are the botanical names for bananas, which belong to the Musaceae family. Bananas can be grown in a range of soil types, ranging from the lowest to the richest, including deep silty, clay, loam, and rich loamy soil.
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Banana cultivation is best done in soil with a pH of 6-7.5. Choose soil with good drainage, sufficient fertility, and moisture potential for banana growing. Banana cultivation requires soils that are high in nitrogen, have sufficient phosphorus, and have a high level of potash. Avoid soils that are waterlogged, poorly aerated, and nutritionally deficient. Sandy, saline, calcareous, and highly clayey soils should also be avoided. Banana farming is a major economic driver in many banana-exporting countries because it is labor-intensive, yields a fast return on investment, provides a consistent weekly income all year, and recovers quickly from hurricanes and other natural disasters.
Benefits of Banana Farming:
Banana leaves are wide, flexible, and aesthetically pleasing. They are used to seal, prepare, and serve food in tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit can be consumed whole or juiced. Ice creams, cookies, pies, milkshakes, preserves, smoothies, and preparation recipes will all benefit from it. Bananas do not have a growing season, but they can be harvested all year. They grow quickly and require a number of conditions, including direct sunlight, little wind, good soil drainage, and irrigation two or three days per week.
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Banana plantations, which need a lot of labour, are an important economic boost because they create jobs. Banana farming also offers a relatively fast return on investment and consistent income throughout the year. Furthermore, since bananas are a hardier crop, they recover easily from natural disasters, making banana farming a profitable endeavour.
Planting Process:
Bananas can be grown in a wide range of soil types. However, standard management practises should be slightly modified when planting in flood-prone areas and sand-deposited soil. If sand deposition exceeds 0.5 m and the region is inundated for more than 2-3 days during the monsoon, the area should not be considered for banana plantation. Banana plantations will package, process, and ship their product directly to international markets in addition to growing the crop. The banana fruit is often mistaken for a tree; however, the banana is a tall herb that can reach a height of 15 metres. Bananas are grown in over 1000 different varieties all over the world. Since bananas are a water-loving plant, they need an excessive amount of water for healthy vegetative growth. Give this commercial crop a lot of water to get the most production out of it, and in the monsoon, an average rainfall of 700 mm is ideal for the safe vegetative growth of bananas. Deep irrigation should be given to this crop in essential conditions such as drought.
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Irrigation is needed immediately after planting it on the ground. Make sure there is enough water for the plants to grow well. If a banana tree is not properly irrigated, it will not produce any fruit. Excessive watering, on the other hand, can cause the roots to rot, resulting in low yield. Bananas are planted using two methods: the pit method and the furrow method. Planting takes place from February to May in South India, and from July to August in North India. It can be done at any time of year in South India, except during the summer.
Market outlook:
Banana output in 2019 was 116.0 million metric tonnes, with a CAGR of 4.1 percent. Bananas are the fourth most important food crop in terms of value, after wheat, rice, and maize, and the world’s favourite fruit in terms of consumption volume. Bananas are the most widely grown and traded crop in the world. In recent decades, the crop has seen rapid increases in production and trade volumes as a result of rapid population growth in producing countries and expanding global import demand. Since the majority of banana cultivation is done on a haphazard basis by small holder farmers, accurate statistics on global banana production are difficult to come by. According to available data, global banana production is on average. With a 61 percent share of global consumption, Asia-Pacific leads the industry.
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India is the world’s largest banana producer, accounting for nearly 25.7 percent of global production. Banana exports worldwide were expected to be 23.3 million metric tonnes. Around 15% of total global banana production is traded on the international market; the rest is consumed locally, mostly in large producing countries like India, China, and Brazil, as well as in some African countries where bananas play a significant role in people’s diets. Banana output reached 116.0 million metric tonnes globally, with a CAGR of 4.1 percent. Consumers’ attention has shifted to hygienic and nutritious food items as food and beverage technology advances and health consciousness grows. Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Manganese, Potassium, dietary fibres, and protein are all abundant in bananas. Apart from raw use, bananas are used in a range of food items such as breakfast cereals, ice cream, and other desserts. The demand for bananas is expected to increase as a result of their numerous health benefits. Bananas are one of the most widely traded fruits on the planet.