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Low Carbon Ferro Manganese (Medium Grade) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

In igneous rocks, which comprise 95% of the earth’s crust the average percentage concentration of manganous oxide is 0.124. This is small in compared with the alumina (15.34), FeO + Fe2O3(6.88) and titania but very much higher than the incidence of the well known metals copper (0.010), zinc ( 0.004), and lead (0.002). In igneous rocks, which comprise 95% of the earth’s crust the average percentage concentration of manganous oxide is 0.124. Manganese is used in metallurgical industries in the form of ferro-manganese. Ferro-manganese contains about 80% Mn and 20% Fe. Generally ferro-manganese is produced in blast furnace or an electric furnace. Low silica ores are preferred as they reduce the slag volume. Secondly, the phosphorous content in the ore should also be low. A high purity ferro-manganese is produced by fused salt electrolysis method. The ore is roasted to produce MnO, followed by leaching with H2SO4 acid to form manganese sulphate. This solution is then neutralised to precipitate iron & aluminium. Other impurities are separated as sulphides. Finally the solution is used for electrolysis to produce ferro-manganese of metallurgical grade. The modern electric furnace route of ferro-manganese production gives 85 - 90% manganese recovery, MnO dust recycling is possible and a high degree of homogenisation, slag control and furnace scrabbing is practised. Further, smelting of high-grade Mn-ore with high-cabon ferro-manganese gives medium carbon ferro-manganese. A silicothermic reduction of manganese ore in an electric furnace yields low-carbon ferromanganese. Uses and Applications Low Carbon Ferro- Manganese is a Ferro alloy with high content of manganese. It gives strength to steel and is used in making of high tension steel; it is widely used in the manufacturing of tool steels, alloys steel & structural steels. Its property causes it to have a high affinity with sulphur in the steel and on combining produces Manganese Sulphide (MnS) which floats up to the metal surface. It is also used as a de-oxidizer and hence finds its usage in the manufacture of 18-8 Austenitic non magnetic stainless steel. In cast iron, manganese is used mainly to counteract the bad effects of sulfur. In steel, manganese acts as a deoxidizer and combines with sulfur, thereby improving the hot-working properties of the steel. Also improves the strength, toughness. Manganese ferroalloys, consisting of various grades of ferromanganese and silicomanganese, are used to provide a key ingredient for steelmaking. Market Survey According to industry experts, the Indian manganese alloy industry has the potential to meet the global challenges despite various constraints. With the necessary supportive measures from the government, the industry can make fast towards the path of sustainable growth and meet the higher requirement of the Indian steel industry. The estimated reserve of chrome ore in India is approx.178 MT. In the longer term, the direction of manganese prices will depend on a combination of economic growth in the industrialised world, and continued expansion of industrialising and emerging economies in Asia and South America. Over the next five years, the rise in steel production will lead to an increase in manganese consumption, with an annual average growth rate of 6% over the next five years, with China and India providing the main impetus for this growth. Global demand for manganese in batteries has been relatively stable at about 300ktpy. This has mainly been accounted for by zinc and alkaline primary batteries, but demand for manganese in rechargeable batteries has risen in recent years. Overall, total demand for manganese is expected to increase by around 6% per year over the next five years. The current scenario of Indian ferro alloys industry has changed due to rapid industrialisation with global steel demand on a high growth trajectory. The estimated production capacity of ferro alloys in India is more than double of the domestic demand, making the industry partially dependent on domestic market and more on export market. The future of industry will depend on international demand and export market against the wider industry impact of energy, ore shortages, production cost volatility and lower profit margin.
Plant capacity: 10 MT/Day.Plant & machinery: 256 Lakhs.
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:691 Lakhs.
Return: 26.00%Break even: 65.00%
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RICE BRAN OIL (SOLVENT EXTRACTION)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Plant Layout

Rice is an important food crop. It is consumed by more than half of the world’s population living in the developing countries. The demand of rice is increasing every day with the rise in population. It is therefore imperative to have continuous and concerted efforts to increase rice production to keep pace with the demand. Among the several approaches, varietal improvement through development of varieties with inherent high yielding potential, resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses and adaptable to various rice growing environment is of paramount importance. Rice bran is a by- product resulting from the processing of rice. Even though the process, which consists in removing certain outer layers of the caryopsis, is basically the same in all cases, it can be carried out in a number of ways, some of which have a vital bearing on the characteristics of the end product. The bran thus produced may have quite different properties; therefore their particular identity should be differentiated and maintained. Rice bran is the main source of rice oil. The majority of available bran continues to be used for animal feeds without being extracted for the oil. Rice oil, also called rice bran oil, has been used extensively in Asian countries. Rice oil is a minor constituent of rough rice when compared with the carbohydrate and protein content. Two major classes of lipids are present: those internal within the endosperm and those associated with the bran. The internal lipids contribute to the nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of rice. Rice bran oil is truly “The World’s Healthiest” edible oil, containing vitamins, antioxidants, nutrients and Trans fat free. It is not just delicate and flavorful; it can help lower cholesterol, fight diseases, enhance the immune system, and fight free radicals and more. Rice bran oil is extremely light, versatile and delicious. Used to fry, sauté, salad dressings, baking, dipping oils and where ever you use cooking oil. It is amazing cooking oil- light, healthy and also best in taste. Rice bran oil is vastly superior to traditional cooking oils and can be considered nutraceutical (food as medicine) oil that is perfect for all your healthy cooking needs. Rice bran oil is quickly becoming a favorite in commercial frying to replace hydrogenated oils that contain trans fat. This is due to rice bran oils health, flavor and performance benefits. Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process. Rice bran is the most important source of edible oil among the unconventional sources. Rice bran is the brown coating around the white starchy rice kernel, which is obtained by de-husking paddy and polishing the rice. While white rice holds little nutritional value, the bran that is removed contains 65 percent of the rice kernel’s nutrients and boasts a bounty of healthful benefits. The thin brown layer that is milled off in the processing of white rice, rice bran is just as effective as the other bran in fighting high cholesterol and providing high-grade fiber. USES & APPLICATION The crude bran oil thus obtained can be used for manufacture of soap, emulsifiers, fatty acid, plasticisers, cosmetics and tocoferol (vitamin E) etc. Crude rice bran oil is an edible grade vegetable oil intended for additional processing before human consumption. Crude rice bran oil is also source of high value added by-products. Thus, if the by-products are derived from the crude rice bran oil and the resultant oil is used as a feedstock for biodiesel, the resulting biodiesel could be quite economical and affordable. Crude rice bran oil is a rich source of high value-added byproduct. Therefore, use of rice bran oil as raw material for the production of biodiesel not only makes the process economical but also generates value added bio-active compounds. Crude rice bran oil helps reduce dust in feed, making it more palatable to animals. Moreover it acts as a lubricant in animal feed pelletization stage. Crude Rice bran oil is used as a raw material in manufacturing refined Rice bran oil. Rice bran with low levels of available carbohydrate (25 per cent) and high level of fat (20 per cent) can be considered as a good source of energy when used as a supplementary food for diabetics. Rice bran with 15 to 20 per cent oil can serve as a good source of energy and Essential Fatty Acids (EFA). It is also a commercial source of edible oil. Rice bran wax can be used in the preparation of candles, polishes, cosmetics, emulsifiers and other industrial preparations. It is the cuticle existing between the rice and the husk of the paddy, which comprises the germ the perricorp, and aleuronic layer. The bran is obtained as a by-product in rice milling during polishing of rice obtained after dehusking of paddy etc. MARKET SURVEY India produces about 80 million tonnes of paddy annually. This can yield about 5 million tonnes of rice bran and to the extent of 8 lakhs tonnes of rice bran oil. During 1983 - 84, the country processed only 13 lakhs tonnes of rice bran, though the installed processing capacity is around 32 lakhs tonnes. Production of rice bran oil is currently estimated at about 2 lakhs tonnes and hardly 10-15 per cent of it is of edible grade, although the potential availability is reckoned at about 8 lakhs tonnes. The wide gap between the actual production and the potential availability of rice bran oil is primarily due to the fact that at present around 70 per cent of the paddy produced in the country is processed through huller mills while only 30 percent is processed by modern Sheller mills. It has been estimated that huller mills number about 80,000 while there are only 28,000 modern Sheller mills. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A G Fats Ltd. Agrawal Oil Extractions Ltd. Agro Tech India Ltd. Balaji Agro Oils Ltd. Bharani Oils Ltd. Boppana Oils Ltd. Cethar Foodoil Ltd. Chaitanya Oils Ltd. Globus Industries & Services Ltd. Goa Agro Oil Ltd. Godavari Edible Bran Oil Ltd. J R Foods Ltd. J S P Oils & Fats Ltd. K G N Agro Internationals Ltd. Kanakadurga Agro Oil Products Ltd. Kedia Overseas Ltd. Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ltd. Malwala Oils Ltd. Midland Industries Ltd. Modi Naturals Ltd. Morinda Overseas Inds. Ltd. Neha Oils Ltd. Patliputra Industries Ltd. Prakash Solvent Extractions Ltd. Raghunath Cotton & Oil Products Ltd. Ravindra Solvent Oils Ltd. Rice Oil & Foods Ltd. S K M Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Ltd. Sambandam Solvent Extraction Ltd. Satyakala Agro Oil Products Ltd. Sethia Oil Inds. Ltd. Sethia Oils Ltd. Shanti Kunj Solvent Ltd. Shree Madhav Edible Products Ltd. Shree Shakthi Agro Oils Ltd. Siddaganga Oil Extractions Pvt. Ltd. Siris Agro Ltd. Sona Oil & Chemical Inds. Ltd. Sonitpur Solvex Ltd. Sree Tulasi Solvent Extractions Ltd. Sri Murugarajendra Oil Industry Ltd. Srihitha Refineries Ltd. Sudha Agro Oil & Chemical Inds. Ltd. Tara Health Foods Ltd. Thapar Agro Mills Ltd. Unique Organics Ltd. Vegepro Foods & Feeds Ltd. Vijay Agro Products Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 388 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 615 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 1760 Lakhs
Return: 30.02%Break even: 47.16%
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IRON ORE MINING - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Layout

An ‘Ore’ may be defined as the aggregate of minerals from which a desired constituent mineral can be extracted with profit. The most used of all metals “Iron” is believed to be the ninth most abundant element in the Universe. The tough stuff “Iron” makes up the earth’s core and is considered to be the base of civilization. The concentration of iron in the structure of the earth ranges from almost 80% in the inner core to about 5% in the outer crust. Iron is not found in the free elemental state. As technology advanced during the middle Ages, the trench was replaced by a small shaft furnace, and from this the present day blast furnace has developed. The use of waterpower to operate the blast was introduced during the 14th century. The consequent considerable increase in furnace temperature resulted in the production of iron with a much higher carbon content than formerly, namely cast iron. This was not malleable but it was soon discovered how this might be converted into malleable iron by a second heating in an ample supply of air (refining). The iron industry received a great impetus at the end of the 18th century, when the demand for iron began to increase as a result of the invention of the steam engine and the railway. The shortage of wood charcoal led to the introduction of coke, as fuel and as reducing agent. Coke was first used in the blast furnace by Abraham Darby, in 1732. The refining process underwent fundamental improvements during the 19th century, through the introduction of the blast refining method (Bessemer Process, 1855; Thomas-Gilchrist process, 1878) and of regenerative heating (Siemens-Martin process 1865). Later, smelting in the electric furnace has been introduced for the production of certain high-grade steel. Iron is the cheapest and most widely used metal. Its annual production exceeds by far that of all other metals combined. It comprises approximately 93% of the tonnage of all the metals used. Iron makes 5% of the earth’s crust, and is not found in its elementary form, but in the form of chemical compounds with other elements in hundreds of minerals of importance. It is the most wanted ferrous metal having wide application in several industries. Iron plays a vital role in development of any country. Iron and its alloys specially steel are mainly used in civil and engineering industries without which the entire mankind could not have come to the modern age of high quality living. Iron ore is the most important raw material for making pig iron, sponge iron and steel too. To cater to different product needs, many steel plants and ferro-alloys industries have been set up in India. Iron ore in different form is also used in other industries like cement, foundries, paint and glass. USES & APPLICATION Iron ore is used mainly for making pig iron, sponge iron and steel. Iron and steel together form the largest manufactured products in the world and each of them enters into each branch of industry and is a necessary factor in every phase of our modern civilization. Pure iron has relatively few and quite special uses. Ingot iron is galvanized for roofing, siding and tanks. In the form of corrugated pipe, it is used for culverts. Because of its relatively high purity, it is suited to oxyacetylene welding, both as material to be welded and as welding rod. It is used in vitreous enameling. Its good ductibility makes it suitable for deep drawing operations as in the manufacture of appliance part, e.g. washing machine tube; relatively low electrical resistance and high magnetic permeability lead to its use in many types of electrical equipment, generator fields, magnetic parts of relays, magnetic brakes and clutches. Iron ore is also used in ferro- alloy, cement, foundry, vanaspati and glass factories. MARKET SURVEY The Global Iron Ore Mining industry's financial performance has been highly volatile over the past five years. The industry weathered through triple-digit revenue spikes and double-digit declines. After two years of extraordinary growth in 2010 and, to a lesser extent, 2011, revenue contracted in 2012 due to plummeting prices of iron ore. However, according to IBIS World industry analyst Agiimaa Kruchkin, “In 2013, industry performance is expected to recover on the back of rebounding iron ore prices.” Consequently, industry revenue is expected to grow 4.7% to total $264.3 billion over the year. Profit has been similarly unstable, though it has increased overall at an annualized rate of 5.5% to about 43.2% of revenue in 2013. Despite a volatile performance, tremendous growth over the period has ultimately offset any declines, leading to estimated average annual revenue growth of 14.6% in the five years to 2013. Growth for the Global Iron Ore Mining industry has primarily occurred on the back of higher iron ore output and prices. Strong growth in large emerging nations, such as China and India, has driven the demand for iron ore and underpinned higher prices during most of the five-year period; as a result, industry revenue and profit have expanded rapidly. “The industry’s major players, such as Vale and Rio Tinto, have all benefited from these positive conditions, which have allow these companies to acquire several smaller companies over the period and increase market share,” says Kruchkin. Nonetheless, the industry retains its low-to-moderate market share concentration. Total iron ore production worldwide is expected to reach about 2.87 billion metric tons in 2013 (compared with 2.10 billion metric tons in 2008). More than half of this total will be traded internationally. Trade occurs primarily between regions rather than within regions, although there is some intraregional trade in Europe and North America. The major importing regions are North Asia and Europe, while the major exporting regions are South America and Oceania. Following the recession, most iron ore supply contracts shifted from annual pricing (which has been the norm since the 1960s) to more flexible quarterly or even monthly pricing. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A Narrain Mines Ltd. B G H Exim Ltd. Chowgule & Co. (Salt) Ltd. Concast Steel & Power Ltd. East India Minerals Ltd. Electrosteel Castings Ltd. Essel Mining & Inds. Ltd. Femnor Mineral (India) Ltd. Frontline Corporation Ltd. Gimpex Ltd. Godawari Power & Ispat Ltd. Grace Industries Ltd. H L L Lifecare Ltd. I B C Ltd. Indian Potash Ltd. Jain Granites & Projects India Ltd. K I O C L Ltd. K N R Infrastructure Projects Pvt. Ltd. Kalyani Steels Ltd. Kohinoor Steel Pvt. Ltd. M G M Minerals Ltd. M M T C Ltd. M S P L Ltd. M S P Steel & Power Ltd. Maharashtra State Mining Corpn. Ltd. Mangal Steel Enterprises Ltd. Mark Steels Ltd. Metrochem Industries Ltd. Metroglobal Ltd. Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. Mysore Minerals Ltd. Mysore Sales International Ltd. Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd. Orissa Minerals Development Co. Ltd. Orissa Mining Corpn. Ltd. P K S Ltd. Rameshwara Jute Mills Ltd. Resurgere Mines & Minerals India Ltd. S P S Metal Cast & Alloys Ltd. S P S Steels Rolling Mills Ltd. S T C L Ltd. Sandur Manganese & Iron Ores Ltd. Sanjana Cryogenic Storages Ltd. Sesa Goa Ltd. Sesa Mining Corpn. Ltd. Sesa Resources Ltd. Shri Ramrupai Balaji Steels Ltd. Soneko India Ltd. Sunil Ispat & Power Ltd. Trimex Industries Ltd. Umil Share & Stock Broking Services Ltd. Usha Ispat Ltd.
Plant capacity: 140 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 358 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 635 Lakhs
Return: 28.18%Break even: 57.96%
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SILICA FROM RICE HUSK ASH - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Rice husk is an agricultural residue easily available in rice producing countries. India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion & or by gasification. The rice husk contains about 75% organic volatile matter & the balance 25% of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in tern contains around 85%–92% amorphous silica. Silica is one of the valuable inorganic chemical compounds. It can exist in gel, crystalline and amorphous forms. It is the most abundant material in the earth’s crust. Silica is the major constituent of rice husk ash. With such a large ash content & silica content in the ash it becomes economical to extract silica from the ash, which has wide market & also takes care of ash disposal. Precipitated Silica (also called particulate silica) is composed of aggregates of ultimate particles of colloidal size that have not become linked in massive gel network during the preparation process. It is an amorphous form of silica; the word amorphous denotes a lack or crystal structure, as defined by x-ray diffraction. Early interest in amorphous silica was purely academic. Amorphous silica can be broadly divided into three categories. Vitreous silica or glass made by fusing quartz, Silica made indicating either amorphous or crystalline silica with high speed neutrons & Micro amorphous silica. Micro amorphous silica includes sols, gels powders & porous glasses, all of which are composed of ultimate particles or structural units less than 1/um in diameter. These silica have high surface area, generally greater than 3m2/g. Micro amorphous silica can be further divided into micro particulate silica microscopic sheets & fibers & hydrated amorphous silica. .Gynogenic silica’s are formed at high temperature by condensation of SiO2 from the vapor phase, or at lower temperature by chemical reaction in the vapor phase followed, by condensation. Silica formed in an aqueous solution can occur as sols, gels or particles. A gel has a three-dimensional, Continuous structure, where as a sol is a stable dispersion of fine particles. Macroscopic particles are formed by aggregation of smaller particles from either a gel or so. Amorphous silica is precipitated from super saturated solution obtained by concentrating an under saturated solution a hot saturated solution, or generating Si(OH)4 of silica ester SiH4, SiS2, SiCl4 or Si. Precipitated Silica soluble silicate solutions are of fine controlled particle size & porous in nature. Precipitated silica powders have a more open structure with higher volume than dried pulverized gels. The physical & chemical properties or precipitated silica vary according to the manufacturing process. Ultimate & aggregate particle size in silica’s precipitated from solution can be varied by reinforcement & control of suspension pH, temperature & salt content. The particle size in gynogenic silica’s is controlled by combustion conditions. The surface area as determined by nitrogen adsorption is a function of particle size. USES AND APPLICATION Precipitated silica is used as filler for paper & rubber as a carrier & diluents for agricultural chemicals, as an anti caking agent, to control viscosity & thickness and as a cleansing agent in toothpastes & in cosmetics. Precipitated silica also finds its applications as anti caking agents in food industry & as thermal insulators. Precipitated silica is perhaps the best not black filler and reinforcing agent used in rubber industry especially for the production of silicon rubber. The distinguishing feature of the growth of precipitated silica industry in India is that it has classifiably flourished in the small-scale sector. Readily available new materials low capital investment & high rates of return offer a distinct advantage to the small-scale manufacturers to venture into this field. MARKET SURVEY Precipitated Silica is used as filler for paper & rubber as a carrier & diluents for agricultural chemicals, as an anti caking agent, to control viscosity & thickness and as molecular sieves. So, we can better understand the growing demand of precipitated silica by seeing the demand of the following industries.Silicon is a unique material. Its abundance is one of the reasons it is used for a wide range of purposes. One of the most important uses of silicon is as a core element of microchips. To manufacture microchips, the microelectronics industry requires silicon with an impurity level of 10–11. Since silicon forms a stable compound with oxygen (silicon oxide, SiO2), the deoxidization of silicon oxide needed to reach this high level of purity consumes a substantial amount of energy, which, in turn, affects the environment through emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2).Bulk silicon wafers used at the beginning of the integrated circuit making process must first be refined to "nine nines" purity (99.9999999%), a process which requires repeated applications of refining technology. The silicon demand by the PV cell industry can be estimated using the available amount of silicon in combination with the amount of silicon needed to produce 1 MWp of solar cells. Global production of rice, the majority of which is grown in Asia is approximately 550 million tonnes/year. This is generated at a rate of about 20% of the weight of the product rice, or some 110 million tonnes per year globally. The husk in turn contains between 15 and 20% of mineral matter the majority of which is amorphous silica. There is a growing demand for finely divided amorphous silica in the production of high strength, low permeability concrete, for use in bridges, marine environments, and nuclear power plants. This market is currently filled by silica fume. Limited supply and high demand has pushed the price of silica fume to as much as US$ 1,000/tonne in some market. Rice husk has the potential to generate 16.5 to 22 million tonnes of ash containing over 90% amorphous silica that could be used as a substitute for silica fume. The husk has energy content of about 14 GJ/tonne so that the energy potential worldwide would be some 1.5 billion GJ/year, which at US$ 5/GJ would have an annual value of US$ 7.5 billion. This amount of energy is equivalent to over 1 billion barrels of oil per year. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Anand Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Anand Lubricants Pvt. Ltd. Camco Multi Metal Ltd. Elofic Industries Ltd.
Plant capacity: 20 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 518 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 832 Lakhs
Return: 24.91%Break even: 48.13%
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DEHYDRATED ONIONS

Dehydrated Onions have been produced in small quantities since the nineteenth century. Dehydrated onions were supplied to British naval expeditions in the mid-nineteenth century and dehydrated onions have been produced in sizable quantities during subsequent wars, primarily for consumption by armed forces, but also for civilian use. Since the quality of these products when dehydrated compared unfavorably with fresh vegetables or other types of processed onions, their usage declined rapidly after each war. However the processing techniques employed in the production of dehydrated onions have been improved greatly since World War II, particularly since the late nineteen fifties, and as a result the quality of dehydrated vegetables has much improved. At the same time the demands for convenience foods have been increasing and dehydrated onions have benefited accordingly. The main advantages of dehydrated onions are that they are easy to store, being lighter in weight and smaller in bulk than fresh or other processed onions. They are cheap to pack compared with canned goods. They do not require refrigerated storage as do frozen onions and the contents of a container can be used some time after opening provided they are not dehydrated. The newest dehydration process appears to be a variation on the air-drying process and is based on the principle of vapor pressure differentials, using air circulated around the onions at relatively low temperatures to `sweat' the water from the food. It is reported that this method of dehydration prevents a crust forming on the outside of the pieces of food and that the low temperatures have less effect on flavour, texture, colour and vitamin contents of onion then, of the higher temperatures used in conventional hot air-drying methods. When establishing a dehydration industry, considerable thought should be given to the procurement of fresh onions for dehydration. In most countries onions for dehydration are grown almost exclusively on contract to the processors. The contracts are made up of a year in advance and cover such aspects as acreage, planting periods, varieties of onions, field inspection, and stage of maturity for harvesting, delivery dates, grading and prices. To operate a dehydration plant efficiently, a constant supply of onions is required and this involves considerable organization. Buying supplies of fresh onion from the market is rarely practicable since varieties grown for the fresh market may be un suitable for processing and continuity of supply cannot be assured. It is usually found that specialization in processing one or two types is more profitable then production of wide range of dehydrated onions. Ideally a dehydration factory should handle only one type of onion over long periods, so as to avoid the necessity of cleaning down all the machinery and altering the grading and cutting settings etc. when changing from one variety to another. USES & APPLICATION Dehydrated onions are used chiefly as a constituent in various food products i.e. they are sold to manufacturing concerns as an industrial raw material and demand for dehydrated onions is a function of the demand of these food products. However there is a demand for dehydrated onions for use as curlinary onions, both by large catering concerns - institutions and industrial canteens; and for domestic use. The other use of dehydrated onions is in the manufacture of dried soups-once virtually the sole outlet for these products, but now declining in relative importance, as other applications including use in canned soups and stews, baby foods, fish, meat and bakery products and more recently in dried `ready-meals' have been developed. So far as possible both merchants and users were consulted in due course. Since there are relatively few dried soup manufacturers, it was possible to contact a majority of the users in this class. Retail outlets obtain supplies largely from food manufacturers. The different market sectors account for varying proportions of demand for dehydrated onions. Dehydrated onion slices and pieces are sold to all four market sectors. Pizza and other fast food, snack foods, food service packs, stuffing mixes, pickled products, meat products, sea food products, gravies, canned foods, salad dressing, dips, bottle packs, pet food, rice mixes, soups, potato salad, seasoning, wet and dry salsa, specialty foods, curry powder, bakery topping, gourmet sauces, seasoning and in many other snacks or as ingredients. MARKET SURVEY Onion is an important vegetable crop grown in India and forms a part of daily diet in almost all households throughout the year. India is the second largest producer of onion in the world 7 onion is one of the most important but perishable groups known. It is also used for medical purpose. But due to non-availability of appropriate post-harvest storage facilities, 20-25% of the total produced onions are wasted, which in terms of value amounts to crores of rupees. Unprocessed foods are susceptible to spoilage by biochemical processes, microbial attack and infestation. The right post harvest practices such as good processing techniques, and proper packaging, transportation and storage (of even processed foods) can play a significant role in reducing spoilage and extending shelf life. The industry consists of segments like processed fruits and vegetables, cereal based products, dairy products, meat, poultry and fishery products, beverages and confectionary. The global processed food market is estimated at $3.2 trillion. The Indian food market is estimated at $182 billion. Food processing industry in India is growing at 14% annum. The total food production in India is likely to double in the next ten years and there is an opportunity for large investments in food and food processing technologies.The Indian government has formulated Vision 2015, to triple the size of the food processing industry, from the current $ 70 b to around $ 210 b, enhancing her global share to 3%, increasing value addition to 35%, from the current 20% and raising the level of processing of perishables to 20%. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Accelerated Freeze Drying Co. Ltd. Canning Industries Cochin Ltd. Chordia Food Products Ltd. Darlco Cannings Ltd. Farm Enterprises Ltd. Finns Frozen Foods (India) Ltd. Flex Foods Ltd. Indo-French Biotech Enterprises Ltd. Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. Kartikeya Agro Products Ltd. Kissan Products Ltd. [Erstwhile] L M P Gujarat Agro Exports Ltd. Maharashtra Agro-Inds. Devp. Corpn. Ltd. Orient Vegetexpo Ltd. S Y P Agro Foods Ltd. Saachin Floritech Ltd. Saraf Foods Ltd. Suvarna Florex Ltd.
Plant capacity: 6 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs.224 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 536 Lakhs
Return: 44.89%Break even: 40.20%
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SANITARY PADS/NAPKINS - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

The Sanitary napkin industry is closely connected with the mode of life, which is in turn directly correlated to housing. Accordingly this industry has always grown by keeping space with improvement in living and it is new indispensable for sanitary in modern housing. In India, the technology for sanitary napkins available by processing of raw cotton spinning and weaving of napkins. On small scale, the processed cotton is purchased which is spinned and woven. Sanitary napkin is a product used by women during the menstrual period to treat menstruation. It is one of the daily necessities for women. Most napkins will prevent leakage. Kotex were first manufactured as bandages during World War I. Kotex are a product of the Kimberly-Clark company. In 1914 this (then) conservative supplier of paper developed absorbent wadding from processed wood and dubbed it Cellucotton. Five times as absorbent as cotton and costing only half as much, Cellucotton was used to bandage wounds in World War I. (Kimberly-Clark agreed to provide it to the War Department at cost, refusing the chance to make a healthy profit.) After the war, Kimberly-Clark faced the question of what to do with Cellucotton. The company hit upon the notion of marketing disposable sanitary napkins. Prior to this invention, women used and reused cloth rags – this was indeed groundbreaking stuff. The resulting product was first marketed as Cellunap, a contraction of "Cellucotton napkins." Immediately upon hire, Kimberly-Clark's first marketing agency (Charles F.W. Nichols Company) suggested changing the name to Kotex, short for "cotton textile". Previously, in Japan, absorbent cotton was used for the purpose. But the use of absorbent cotton limited bodily movement considerably. Because of intensive improvement and progress of sanitary goods after World War II, sanitary napkin is replaced absorbent cotton in many countries today since it is clean & it can be carried easily, and since it is thrown away after once used. Generally absorption paper, waterproof paper crushed pulp, and non-woven cloth or rayon paper is used as raw material. Sanitary Napkin for Ladies monthly uses well done enterprises can provide not only the standard type sanitary napkin machine but also the specified machinery for producing any type sanitary napkin according to the requirement & specifications. Extending to the abilities of own engineering, the machinery for producing maternity pad, adult's pad is also available. 75% 0f women experience itching and pain during their menstrual period which is mostly caused by the use of to sanitary Pads that are not air permeable, so they cannot reduce moisture. Sanitary pads can also harbor bacteria as they are not sterilized products. A woman will use an average of 10000 pieces of sanitary napkins within 30 to 40 years in her entire lifetime. Having a trusted brand of sanitary napkins has become paramount for every modern woman. Not only must the sanitary napkin provide comfort and safety, but also enhance every woman's health and lifestyle. Here in this report, details of well-done napkin making plant is given. However, the composition of sanitary napkin & a typical layout for crushed-pulp Type Napkin Making Plant is also described. USES & APPLICATIONS Sanitary Napkins are exclusively used by adult girls & Ladies around the world during their menstrual periods as a means of maintaining physical aid & to avoid wetting or staining of the clothes. Sanitary Napkin is not reasonable & it is to be thrown away only, when it is saturated with wet liquids. Its use is much popular amongst the educated class of adult girls & ladies. MARKET SURVEY The Industry in India is of recent origin. The first unit is to manufacture viscous napkin filament yarn. Sanitary napkins have an important place in women's history and in the history of technology. 19th Century research into disposable sanitary napkins marked the humble beginnings of a new era of gynecological sanitary. Disposable Sanitary Napkins appeared in Germany as early as the 1880s but were unavailable to American women because of the Comstock Laws. Women protection during their “critical” days is not a problem in a modern world. Great variety of different types of sanitary facilities is provided on the market. Sanitary facilities obviously don’t cause any significant environmental impact during use, but they do during production as well as final waste utilization stages. If somebody would like to make choice among them relying not only on prices and personal preferences but also on environmental friendliness of the product, life cycle assessment should be the main instrument designed to assess product’s environmental impact and compare different types of sanitary facilities referring to this assessment. Hindustan Lever (now Hindustan Unilever), Johnson & Johnson and Procter & Gamble have been the lead players in sanitary napkins market. The Unilever-Kimberly Clark joint venture had earlier entered the Indian market with its brand, Kotex, in competition with the market leader, Whisper of Proctor & Gamble. Until 1993, belted sanitary napkins were the largest segment. In that segment, Johnson & Johnson's Carefree con-trolled about half the market. Along with its beltless brand, Stayfree, its share could be estimated at around 75%. Beltless napkins now have catapulted to a share of over 70% of the market. Johnson's overall market share is down to 46% and P&G has gained a penetration of 43%. Kimberly Clark had launched upgraded Whisper with Wings brand, priced only 5% higher than the regular Whisper brand. After the launch of Whisper Extra Dry from Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson came in with Stayfree Spirit. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Carewell Hygiene Products Ltd. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. Gufic Biosciences Ltd. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. Johnson & Johnson Ltd. Kimberly Clark Lever Pvt. Ltd. Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 576000 Pcs/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 134 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 1624 Lakhs
Return: 35.41%Break even: 34.73%
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Ferro Alloys - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics

Ferroalloys have been developed to improve the properties of steels and alloys by introducing specific alloying elements in desirable quantities in the most feasible technical and economic way. Ferroalloys are usually classified in two groups: bulk (major) ferroalloys (produced in large quantities) and minor ferroalloys (produced in smaller quantities, but of a high importance). Bulk ferroalloys are used in steelmaking and steel or iron foundries exclusively, whereas the use of special ferroalloys is far more varied. About 85% to 90% of all ferroalloys are used in steelmaking; the remaining ferroalloys are used for nonferrous alloys (e.g., those that are nickel or titanium based) and by the chemicals industry. Today, almost all ferroalloys are produced in submerged arc furnaces where raw materials (ores), reductants (coke, silicon-based ferroalloys, aluminum), iron additions (iron ore or steel scrap), and fluxes (lime, magnesia, dolomite, limestone, fluorspar, etc.) are loaded and smelted, followed by the tapping of slag and metal. Ferroalloys Plays major role in Steel Production and industrial development. These are iron based alloys with varied elements introduced in steel making to cater to the specific needs. These are specified additions to the production of steel for various applications. Uses As deoxidizer, desulphurizer improves fluidity of liquid steel. Grain refinement, high-speed steels, HSLA steels, hot extrusion, tool and die steels. Grain refinement, HSLA steels stabilization in stainless steels. HSLA Steels, Stainless Steels, tool Steels, Cryogenic Steels. In forgings, rolled Products, castings, Structural and tool steels. Low-Carbon Steels Hadfield steels, austenitic Steels for addition to 18-8 type austenitic steels. For low-carbon high chromium steels-stainless Steel/irons. Deoxidation-killed, semi-skilled steels, Structural steels. High silicon, spring and electrical sheet steel as reductants. For low- carbon steel when silicon is not harmful, for producing low-carbon ferromanganese. For producing low-carbon ferrochrome. Market Survey The demand for ferro alloys has been increasing with that of alloy and special steels. At the beginning of the previous decade, it was about half-a-million tonnes, increased to over 700,000 tonnes by 1997-98 and reached the level of 1.20 mn tonnes in 2006-07. There are six leading players and over 30 small producers. The industry has tied up with companies in Europe for technology inputs. The major users of alloy steel are: auto industry, railways, forgings, tubes, springs and other engineering industries. The leading players are Alloy Steel (SAIL), Mukand (Advanced Design Materials Corp., USA), Mahindra Ugine, Sunflag Irons & Steel, Vishveshvarya Steel, Kalyani Steel, Panchmahal, Indian Seamless, Shah Alloy Kalyani Carpenter, Garg Furnace. Ferro manganese are alloys composed of iron and one or two more metals like Mn, Si, Ti, W etc. The ferro alloys have usually lower melting points than their respective alloying metals in pure stable form and thus, can be readily incorporated to obtain the metals as ferro alloys than in their pure terms starting from their ores. Ferro manganese is a principle alloying agent used in steel production steel/iron casting etc, where it also acts as a strengthener and deoxidizer. It imparts corrosion resistance to the products. Ferro manganese along with Fe-Si, Fe-Cr, is a bulk ferro-alloy, Manganese is also added in steels in the form of silico manganese. It dissolves in iron in all proportions, Iron for Farm implements uses up to 1.75% Mn and also in automobile parts. Ship construction industry uses steels with even higher content; riffle barrels and heat treated forgings necessarily use ferro manganese as an alloying additive. Few Major Players are as under :- Acme Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Alok Ferro Alloys Ltd. Andhra Ferro Alloys Ltd. Anjaney Ferro Alloys Ltd. Baheti Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd. Balasore Alloys Ltd. Baroda Ferro Alloys & Inds. Ltd. Beco Engineering Co. Ltd. [Merged] Bhaskar Shrachi Alloys Ltd. Bhupco Alloys Ltd. Castron Technologies Ltd. Corporate Ispat Alloys Ltd. Cronimet Alloys India Ltd. Dandeli Ferro Pvt. Ltd. Facor Alloys Ltd. Ferro Alloys Corp. Ltd. Hi-Tech Electrothermics & Hydro Power Ltd. Hindustan Ferro & Inds. Ltd. Hira Ferro Alloys Ltd. Impex Ferro Tech Ltd. Indian Charge Chrome Ltd. [Merged] Indian Metals & Alloys Ltd. Indian Metals & Carbide Ltd. Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd. Indsil Hydro Power & Manganese Ltd. Jagat Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Jindal Ferro Alloys Ltd. [Merged] Karthik Alloys Ltd. Maharashtra Elektrosmelt Ltd. Maithan Alloys Ltd. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd. Muskan Ferro Silicons Ltd. Nagpur Power & Inds. Ltd. Nav Chrome Ltd. [Merged] Quality Steels & Forgings Ltd. R G Foundry Forge Ltd. Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd. Sharp Ferro Alloys Ltd. Shri Ganesh Ferro Alloys Ltd. Shri Girija Smelters Ltd. Shyam Century Ferrous Ltd. [Merged] Shyam Ferro Alloys Ltd. Silcal Metallurgic Ltd. Snam Alloys Ltd. Sova Ispat Alloys Ltd. Srinivasa Ferro Alloys Ltd. Standard Chrome Ltd. Star Metallics & Power Pvt. Ltd. Universal Ferro & Allied Chemicals Ltd. V B C Ferro Alloys Ltd. V B C Industries Ltd.
Plant capacity: 36000 MT/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 6457 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 16549 Lakhs
Return: 24.00%Break even: 51.00%
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Bread Plant - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics

Modern days are changing in every movement with the advance of scientific discovery. Due to the scarcity of time now human being changes their food habits. Nobody can pay much time for their preparation of food; everybody wants to get ready made fresh food, such that one can save time. Consequently, for the need of the modern age, different kind of instant and readymade foods are developed like instant tea, instant coffee, instant milk, instant rice etc. On the above point of view bakery products are cheaper and are accepted largely as readymade food. Now in the advancement of age, use of bakery foods will gradually increase and utilization of it will be proportional to increased population. Bread is most consumable wheat-based bakery product. It contains high nutritive value. They are easy to digest and compact in size, therefore, its consumption is increasing day by day. Indian bakery industry is spreaded over all small scale; large scale and house hold sectors. First bakery in India was set up in 19th century. At present there are 21 units in organized sector and many more in small scale, cottage and house hold sectors. Breads are manufactured from flour, sugar, salt shortening (one type of fat), dried bakery yeast, vegetables, fruits etc. Bread is manufactured through fermentation and baking process. The manufacturing process and techniques are so simple that they can easily be adopted for production at any level. Uses & Applications Bakery products in India are now in common use and are no more exclusive to a few households or classes of performs. Even then, unlike advanced countries where breads are considered basic essentials of a household budget, in India the element of capacity to pay continues to play a significant role . The outlay on bread, thus shares the character of discretionary expenditure rather than expenditure on basic is applicable. This necessity more in the case of biscuits than in the case of other bakery product. Variants of breads such as rusks have also found much acceptable among relatively poor households and workmen but other bakery products such as cakes, pastries, etc. specifically remain as the items of class consumption . Much attempt is being made to popularize bakery products among all because these products are considered easy, convenient and rather inexpensive means of taking food in hygienically prepared ready to eat form. A particular role in this direction is being played by use of both bread and biscuits as means of nutrition supplementation for large number of children, and locating and nursing mothers who are covered by various feeding programs run by number of social welfare agencies operating both at the state and the central level. It is hoped that with further modernization, with influence of urban consumption pattern, spread of industry and commerce and general change in eating habits shall gradually improve the share of rural consumption in the total market for bakery products. Few Indian Major Players are as under:- Bonn Nutrients Pvt. Ltd. Britannia Industries Ltd. Candico (I) Ltd. Daily Bread Gourmet Foods (India) Pvt. Ltd. Modern Food Inds. (India) Ltd. Nimbus Foods Inds. Ltd. Saturday Club Ltd.
Plant capacity: 15 Lakh PKTS/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 69 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 158 Lakhs
Return: 39.00%Break even: 40.00%
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Particle Board from Rice Husk - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses has lead to the short fall of traditional building materials. Bricks, Cement, sand, and wood are now becoming scares materials. Demand of good quality of building materials to replace the traditional materials and the need for cost effective and durable materials for the low cost housing has necessitated the researchers to develop variety of new and innovative building materials. Construction materials of special requirements for the houses in different geographical region to overcome the risk of natural hazard and for protection from sever climatic conditions has also emphasised the need for development of lightweight, insulating, cost effective, durable and environment friendly building materials. Agricultural waste or residue is made up of organic compounds from organic sources such as rice straw, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sugar cane bagasse, coconut shell, and others. Rice husk from paddy (Oryza sativa) is one example of alternative material that can be potentially used for making particle board. Rice husk is unusually high in ash, which is 92 to 95% silica, highly porous and lightweight, with a very high external surface area. Its absorbent and insulating properties are useful to many industrial applications, such as acting as a strengthening agent in building materials. Rice husks are processed into rectangular shaped particle boards. Particle board is as the name suggests a board made of particles of wood obtained mechanically without destroying the inherent character of wood. This new industry initially was started primarily with a view to utilize wood waste. Wood that was left in the forest being unsuitable for lumber industry and wood that was thrown away as waste in various wood industries, (e.g. sawmills, furniture making plywood Industries) could be utilized in making particle board. It may be mentioned here that fiber board also utilizes the same wood waste; the wood is converted into pulp and pressed the bond being obtained mainly from the natural lignin present in wood. In case of particle board, the bond is obtained by using an organic binder-synthetic resin adhesive. The accepted definition of particle board is A sheet material manufactured from small pieces of wood on other lignocelluloses materials, (e.g. chips, flakes, splinters, strands, shives, etc.) agglomerated by use of an organic binder together with one or more of the following agents heat, pressure, moisture a catalyst etc. Uses & Applications The property of this board can be controlled. It has got better acoustic properties and hence better sound absorption. It does not support combustion, thus it is safe to use as it is fine safety measure. It is insect and termite resistant. It is water resistant. It is more economical. It is used in furniture making where cost economy is the main factor. It is used both for movable and built in furniture. It is used in construction industry in making doors, flooring, floor underlayment, ceiling, roof underlayment, walls partition, concrete frame-work and transport industry. Market Survey The large producers account for 15% of the total production, producing some 38 mn sq. m of plywood and block boards. The ecological considerations had, however, placed the industry in jeopardy owing primarily to the restraints put on the use of timber. Alternate materials from agricultural wastes like stalks of cotton and wheat, rice husk and bagasse are slowly getting into the industry as raw material feeds. Kitply Industries, Sarda Plywood, Century Plywood, Novapan, National Plywood, Green-ply and Jayshree Tea remain the main players in the organized sector of plywoods and particle boards, which has some 60 units. There are several SSI units and other informal sector units contributing around 60% of the total production. The Indian market for particle board and plywood is estimated in value terms, at over Rs 37 bn. Of the total market, particle board including medium density fiber board (MDF board) accounts for nearly a quarter of the market. Nearly 85% of the particle board is supplied by the organized sector. Western India has emerged as the leader in the particle board segment. Shirdi Industries (SIL) was setting up a plant for the manufacture of MDF and particle board. The project, which will be India's first and only integrated plant providing complete interior solutions, was being set up at Uttarakhand. It was mainly because of the state government granting the company a status, entitling the company to excise duty, income tax and sales tax exemption besides investment subsidy. The company is also producing pre-laminated board, decorative laminates, floorings, panel door and furniture components from the facility. Few Major Players are as under:- Archidply Industries Ltd. Bajaj Eco-Tec Products Ltd. Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. Ecoboard Industries Ltd. Feroke Boards Ltd. Genus Paper Products Ltd. Kitply Industries Ltd. Novopan Industries Ltd. Nuboard Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Rushil Decor Ltd. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd. Shirdi Industries Ltd. Western India Plywoods Ltd.
Plant capacity: 15 Lakh Nos. /annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 152 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 426 Lakhs
Return: 31.00%Break even: 51.00%
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Integrated Unit Textile Mill and Readymade Garments - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Cost of Project

A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibers of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibers together (felt). The words fabric and cloth are used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage. Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibers. Fabric refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, spreading, crocheting, or bonding that may be used in production of further goods (garments, etc.). Cloth may be used synonymously with fabric but often refers to a finished piece of fabric used for a specific purpose (e.g., table cloth). Uses Textiles have an assortment of uses, the most common of which are for clothing and containers such as bags and baskets. In the household, they are used in carpeting, upholstered furnishings, window shades, towels, covering for tables, beds, and other flat surfaces, and in art. In the workplace, they are used in industrial and scientific processes such as filtering. Miscellaneous uses include flags, backpacks, tents, nets, handkerchiefs, cleaning rags, transportation devices such as balloons, kites, sails, and parachutes, in addition to strengthening in composite materials such as fiberglass and industrial geo-textiles. Children can learn using textiles to make collages, sew, quilt, and toys. Textiles used for industrial purposes, and chosen for characteristics other than their appearance, are commonly referred to as technical textiles. Technical textiles include textile structures for automotive applications, medical textiles (e.g. implants), geo-textiles (reinforcement of embankments), agro textiles (textiles for crop protection), protective clothing (e.g. against heat and radiation for fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, stab protection, and bullet proof vests). Market Survey Cotton Textiles & Readymade Garments The textile industry occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of the Indian manufacturing industry. It was estimated to contribute 14% to industrial output, 4% to GDP and about 11% to India's export earnings. Besides, it provides direct employment to over 35 mn people and is the second biggest employer. Its direct linkages with the rural economy, being dependent on fibre crops, is also closely linked with diverse crafts, such as those using cotton, wood and silk and handlooms employing millions of farmers and craftsmen in rural and semi-urban areas. In the global context, the industry accounts for 61% of loomage, 22% of spindle age, 12% of the production of textile fibres and yarn, and 25% share in the total world trade of cotton yarn. The industry is made up of small-scale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing and apparel-making units as well integrated composite mills. Of the nearly 2700 units engaged in spinning yarns, 1135 are small scale. The weaving units numbering 4.8 mn have only 10,000 units in the organized sector, while the rest are engaged in handlooms (3.9 mn) and power looms (1.8 mn). Of the 3,300 processing units, nearly 2,100 are independent small units, while the fabricators of garments number 77,000 small scale units. The cumulative production of cotton fabrics from all sectors has increased from 19.8 bn sq mt in 2001-02 to over 28.5 bn sq mt. in 2007-08. This point to a healthy 6.4% annual growth during the period. In the three year period, coinciding with removal of quotas and the liberalisation of export trade, the increase has been more marked at close to 11.5% per annum. Compared with the industry in other countries the Indian textile industry is endowed with some inherent advantages, such as abundance of raw material and cheap labour. As a result, India is the second largest cotton trader after the USA, having the largest area (9 mn hectare) under it. The government has set a target to attract more than USD 8 bn (Rs 400 bn) foreign direct investment (FDI) in textiles and garments sector over the next 5 year period. It has targeted Europe, the US, and China as potential investors. It will attract leading equity funds and foreign banks to invest in the domestic textile sector. It will also attract foreign designer houses and garment manufacturers, under its plan. For setting up textile units through public-private partnership, a scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP) has been launched to provide world class infrastructure facilities. Besides this, 50 textile parks are being established to enhance manufacturing capacity and increase the industry's cost competitiveness. The Government of Bihar has announced its plans to establish two textile parks in the state. The first one, Vikramshila Textile Park, is being set at a cost of Rs 1.2 bn and the second one, Angh Pradesh Handloom Park, at a cost of Rs 250 mn. The two together are expected to attract investments of over Rs 6 bn. The readymade garment industry in India owes its genesis to the emergence of a highly profitable market for exports. The cue was enough for Indian enterprises to foray into the domestic market for readymade garments. The export surpluses and rejects fuelled the emergence of a domestic market. This steadily led to the entry of foreign brands, either through their direct entry or through joint ventures. This was facilitated by the changes in the lifestyles of the modern Indian consumers. With the rising tailoring costs and relatively low prices of standardised products, the Indian consumer increasingly took to ready-mades. In the past, the readymade market remained confined mainly to baby dresses and small manila-shirts and dress shirts. Now it has extended to trousers, suits, lady dresses and, of course, fashion garments for men and women. Franchised boutiques have been established as tools for brand and image building. The Indian clothing market for readymade garments is estimated at over Rs 1000 bn with men's wear segment accounting for 46%, while the shares of women's and kids' clothing are pegged at 36% and 17%, respectively. The Indian branded garment market, which is estimated at over Rs 200 bn, accounts for over 26% of readymade market. Following the entry of several new brands, the branded segment has grown at 25% annually. This represents a shift from unbranded to the branded segment. Few Major Players are as under:- A K C Synthetics Ltd. Akashganga Textiles Mills Ltd. Ankita Knit Wear Ltd. Bhaskar Industries Ltd. Bhungani Synthetics Pvt. Ltd. Exotica Exports (India) Ltd. Jai Bharat Synthetics Ltd. Kayel Syntex Ltd. Khator Fiber & Fabrics Ltd. Krishna Knitwear Technology Ltd. Mafatlal Fine Spg. & Mfg. Co. Ltd. Maruti Cottex Ltd. Minaxi Textiles Ltd. Om Shanti Satins Ltd. Palav Synthetics Pvt. Ltd. Shree Navdurga Cotton & Yarn Co. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 86 Lakhs pieces/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 382 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 929 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 69.00%
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