Introduction
A perennial herbaceous plant with rhizomes, turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, which also includes ginger. This golden spice, which is originally from Southeast Asia, has been used for many years as a natural remedy, food additive, and dye. Due to its potential health benefits, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics, curcumin, the primary bioactive ingredient in turmeric, has received much study. As a result, various products with additional value have been created employing turmeric as their main component. This article will look at these value-added goods and how they are made.
Turmeric Powder, first
Turmeric powder is the most popular and extensively used turmeric product. It is mostly used as a spice and culinary colorant and is obtained from the dried and crushed rhizomes. The following steps are involved in making turmeric powder:
Harvesting: After 8 to 10 months of growth, turmeric rhizomes are removed from the plant.
Boiling: To soften them and get rid of the raw smell, the rhizomes are cleaned and boiled in water for 30-45 minutes. Additionally, this procedure aids in inactivating enzymes that can lead to spoilage.
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Drying: Rhizomes that have been boiled are subsequently dried in the sun or using a mechanical dryer at 60–70°C for 10–15 hours, or until the moisture content is less than 10%.
Grinding: A hammer mill or an impact mill is used to grind the dried rhizomes into a fine powder.
Packaging: To preserve its freshness and shelf life, the turmeric powder is placed in airtight packaging or vacuum-sealed bags.
Extracts of Turmeric
The medicinal substances found in turmeric, particularly curcuminoids, are concentrated in turmeric extracts. They are frequently found in medications, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. The following techniques are used in the creation of turmeric extracts:
Solvent Extraction: In this technique, the ground turmeric’s curcuminoids are dissolved using organic solvents like ethanol or acetone. A concentrated extract is then produced after the solvent has evaporated.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE): This sophisticated extraction method extracts curcuminoids using supercritical carbon dioxide. Compared to solvent extraction, SFE is more effective and environmentally friendly, but it is also more expensive.
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Ultrasonic waves are used in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to split the cell walls of turmeric and release the curcuminoids. Compared to conventional solvent extraction, this technique is quicker and more effective.
Nanoscale Curcumin Particles
Curcumin nanoparticles are minuscule curcumin particles that have undergone modifications to improve their bioavailability and durability. Targeted drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products both employ them. Curcumin nanoparticles can be created using a variety of techniques, including:
Curcumin is initially dissolved in a solvent, and when that solvent is introduced to an antisolvent, the curcumin precipitates as nanoparticles.
High-Pressure Homogenization: Curcumin and a stabilizing agent are combined and put under high pressure to create nanoparticles.
Curcumin can also precipitate as nanoparticles by being dissolved in a solvent and then mixed with a non-solvent.
Curcuma Oleoresin
Curcuminoids and volatile oils are both present in the concentrated liquid extract known as turmeric oleoresin. It is mostly used as a colorant and flavoring in the food sector.
Continue flavoring agent, in addition to in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The following procedures are involved in producing turmeric oleoresin:
Solvent Extraction: To extract the curcuminoids and essential oils, ground turmeric is combined with a suitable solvent, such as hexane or ethanol. The solvent is subsequently vacuum-evaporated to produce a semi-solid oleoresin.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE): Just like with turmeric extracts, oleoresin can be produced using SFE by super critically extracting curcuminoids and volatile oils from carbon dioxide. Although it costs more, this approach is more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
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Cinnamon Essential Oil
The fresh or dried rhizomes of turmeric are steam-distilled to produce the essential oil. It includes several volatile substances with possible medicinal uses, including turmerone, ar-turmerone, and curlone. The essential oil is employed in aromatherapy, cosmetics, and food goods as a flavoring. In the course of production,
Steam Distillation: Turmeric rhizomes are exposed to steam, which causes the volatile chemicals to evaporate, whether the rhizomes are fresh or dried. The essential oil of turmeric is then separated from the steam and volatile chemicals and collected.
Turmeric-Based Drinks
Golden milk, turmeric lattes, and other beverages made with turmeric have grown in popularity in recent years due to their alleged health advantages. To make a tasty and nutritious drink, these beverages combine turmeric powder or extract with other ingredients including milk, black pepper, ginger, and milk. The following techniques are used to make beverages with turmeric:
- Turmeric tea is made by steeping turmeric powder, dried turmeric slices, or turmeric tea bags in hot water for a short period of time.
- Golden Milk: This soothing concoction is made by combining turmeric powder with heated milk and frequently adding additional spices like cinnamon, ginger, and black pepper.
- Turmeric Latte: A creamy, spiced beverage made by combining turmeric powder or extract with steamed milk, additional spices, and frothed milk or a milk substitute. This method is similar to that of making golden milk.
- Foods Containing Turmeric
Due to its eye-catching color and potential health advantages, turmeric is now found in many foods. Snacks, pasta, and baked goods are just a few examples of products that contain turmeric extracts or turmeric powder to enhance flavor and health benefits. Foods containing turmeric as an ingredient include:
- Snack Foods With Turmeric Powder: To provide popcorn, chips, and crackers a distinctive flavor profile and additional health advantages, turmeric powder is added.
- Turmeric Pasta: Pasta dough is infused with turmeric powder, giving the finished product a distinct yellow hue and a subdued, earthy flavor.
- Turmeric Baked Goods: Both for its color and conceivable health advantages, turmeric is included in recipes including bread, muffins, and cookies.
Conclusion
Due to the adaptability of turmeric and its conceivable health benefits, a variety of value-added products have been created, ranging from conventional turmeric powder and extracts to cutting-edge curcumin nanoparticles and turmeric-infused foods. The market for goods containing turmeric is anticipated to grow as demand for natural and health-improving products rises, presenting new potential for both manufacturers and consumers.
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