What is Calcium Carbide?
Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, or carbide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaC2. It is the simplest carbide of calcium, and it has been used in various ways since its discovery in 1861. Calcium carbide is produced by treating lime with coke at 850 °C, producing calcium oxide and acetylene, which are then passed through water to produce slaked lime and calcium carbide.
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Calcium carbide (CaC2) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaC2, it consists of calcium metal and carbide ions. It occurs naturally as a mineral carnotite. In industry, it is used as a starting material or intermediate product for production of acetylene, various types of calcium cyanamide, thionyl chloride, trichloroethylene and other organic compounds.
The raw material for CaCO is limestone, which contains calcium carbonate. It is manufactured by mixing lime and coke in such proportion that it would be in such proportions as 85% of lime and 15% of coke or more. The mixture so prepared is heated, which leads to complete conversion of lime into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The product contains almost 12% calcium oxide and some amount of calcium carbide i.e., CaC2 -which is used for production of acetylene gas.
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Properties of Calcium Carbide:
Calcium carbide is commonly used in welding, cutting, or heating materials. It can be used in plating steel with precious metals such as gold, platinum, and silver. Carbon monoxide poisoning is often fatal because it combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin that prevents oxygen from reaching body tissues. It is more effective at lowering arterial blood pressure than normal saline solution alone, so it is occasionally used in treating extremely high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.
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Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with a formula of CaC. It is used in industry for preparation of acetylene and acetaldehyde from calcium oxide and carbon. It is also used as a raw material for production of calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, metallic carbides and polycarboxylates. In addition, it is used as an additive in animal feed supplements. In agriculture applications, calcium carbide increases yield by improving root growth on crops such as rice.
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Production Processes:
The production of calcium carbide starts with slaked lime being heated in either rotary kilns or fluidized bed furnaces at temperatures above 950 °C. The reaction produces calcium oxide, carbon dioxide and steam. The CaO is then reacted with coke at around 850 °C to form pure carbide: CaO + 4CO → CaC + CO + 3CO.
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This reaction also releases carbon monoxide which, together with water vapour given off by heating charcoal, is used in an adjacent furnace to generate more heat. Calcium carbide is made by heating limestone and coke in an electric furnace. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat energy which keeps the reaction going.
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Market Outlook:
The calcium carbide market was estimated at 27.5 million tons in 2020, and the market is projected to register a CAGR of about 4% during the forecast period (2021-2026).
The demand for Calcium Carbide is growing due to its superior mechanical properties that meet today’s most demanding thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance requirements across various applications.
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Additionally, the use of calcium carbide not only simplifies and diminish the cost of synthesis, but also avoids the problems associated with transportation and sorting that makes it as a useful product across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plastics and steel industries. The demand for Calcium Carbide is growing due to its superior mechanical properties that meet today’s most demanding thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance requirements across various applications.
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Additionally, the use of calcium carbide not only simplifies and diminish the cost of synthesis, but also avoids the problems associated with transportation and sorting that makes it as a useful product across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, plastics and steel industries.
Key Players:
- ALMAMET GMBH
- Rexarc International, Inc.
- Donau Chemie AG
- Lonza Group AG
- Denka Company Limited
- Carbide Industries LLC
- MCB Industries SDN BHD
- AlzChem
- Iran Carbide
- SA Calcium Carbide
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