Biological waste management (Fermentation of fish waste, agro-industrial wastes tomato waste, cotton processing waste agricultural, waste treatments, waste of dehydrated onion, oil mill effluent disposal swine waste, use of manure poultry waste, cattle waste, milking parlour wastewater, pig slurry odours)

The organic waste stream is composed of waste of a biological origin such as paper and cardboard, food, green and garden waste, animal waste and biosolids and sludges. Organic waste is usually generated as a component of most waste streams. For information on the treatments for managing organic wastes click on the links to the right. Four significant components of this organic, biodegradable stream are from food preparation, agricultural production, livestock manures, and municipal sewage sludge. Organic waste from food sources includes vegetables, fruits, grains, meats, fish, dairy products, etc., and constitutes some 18% of the typical municipal organic waste stream. An average of 1 kg per person per day of organic waste is produced, originating from households, wholesalers & processors, restaurants, and institutions. Urban centers are the major generators of organic food waste. Agricultural waste includes waste made up of those materials such as manure and animal output, in either solid or liquid form from poultry or other livestock operations. It also includes harvest remains from grain, oilseed, vegetable, and orchard crops.

Increase in biological waste has led to the increase in biological waste management technology. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, the book includes organic waste for biological treatment, organic waste forms and treatment strategies, transformation of liquid manure into a solid, modeling of agricultural waste treatments, utilization of Indian waste in livestock feeds etc. This book also explains the different types of organic wastes like waste from tomato, jute, cotton, agro-industries, dehydration process of onion, piggeries, poultry, milk parlor etc.

62 million tonnes of waste is generated annually in the country at present, out of which 5.6 million tonnes is plastic waste, 0.17 million tonnes is biomedical waste, hazardous waste generation is 7.90 million tonnes per annum and 15 lakh tones is e-waste.  

43 million TPA is collected, 11.9 million is treated and 31 million is dumped in landfill sites, which means that only about 75-80% of the municipal waste gets collected and only 22-28 % of this waste is processed and treated. Waste generation will increase from 62 million tonnes to about165 million tonnes in 2030. Such wastes damage the fertility of soil, it creates toxicity in water bodies, and it pollutes the air as well. The Earth’s surface temperature has increased by one degree Fahrenheit in the last century. That is why we should have to treat and utilise the waste material to minimize its toxic effects of the pollutant.

The responsibility of generators has been introduced to segregate waste into three categories – Wet, Dry and Hazardous Waste. Scientific disposal of solid waste through segregation, collection and treatment and disposal in an environmentally sound manner minimises the adverse impact on the environment. The local authorities are responsible for the development of infrastructure for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of MSW.

This book describes the methods how organic waste can be converted into useful products like oxalic acid, oxytetracycline, humic acids etc. The book is highly recommended to new entrepreneurs, existing units who wants to get more information of organic waste treatment. 

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