In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts. Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.

Ferrous (Fe2+), in chemistry, indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3 oxidation state). This usage has mostly been deprecated, with current IUPAC nomenclature having names containing the oxidation state in bracketed Roman numerals instead, such as iron (II) oxide for ferrous oxide (FeO), and iron (III) oxide for ferric oxide(Fe2O3).

The Casting process has traversed a long path and impacted human civilization for nearly five millennia. For any metal casting process, selection of right alloy, size, shape, thickness, tolerance, texture, and weight is very vital. . Casting process involves melting the metal to be used, pouring it into a mould, letting it cool and then knocking out the casting.

Forging technology occupies a very important place among all the manufacturing processes as it produces parts with excellent properties and with minimal wastage. Forging involves the use of machinery with a hammering or pressing action to convert basic shapes into a pre-determined form. Forging has the capacity to refine the grain structure and improve the physical properties of the metal.

This handbook gives a concise description of the fascinating on the state-of-the-art technology of the casting and forging process of metals and metal alloys. This book contains precise details on production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, its casting and forging process along with their alloys.

Market Outlook

Global consumption of primary aluminium ingots during the period January to December 2015 (CY2015) increased to ~57.7 million metric tonnes (MMT) from ~54.3 MMT in CY2014, reflecting a growth rate of ~6.4%. However, consumption growth during H2CY2015 was lower, at ~4.2%. Primary aluminium demand during the second half was adversely impacted by consumption of the prevailing stock of semi-finished and finished products in the market. Consumption growth of primary aluminium metal remained at a similar level of ~4.2% in the first quarter of the current calendar year as well.

The Table Shown Below Show the Production Cycle of Aluminium.

Non-Ferrous Metals Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.91% by the period 2016-2020.

Global non-ferrous metals market and is expected to reach 107 million metric tons by 2020. The growth in this region is attributed to the increasing consumption of non-ferrous metals in India, China, and Japan.

Global consumption of primary Aluminium ingots during the period January to September 2015 increased to ~42.9 million metric tonnes (MMT) from ~40.4 MMT. Global aluminum casting market will grow at a CAGR of nearly 6% by 2020.

Non-Ferrous Metals Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.91% by the period 2016-2020.

Global non-ferrous metals market and is expected to reach 107 million metric tons by 2020. The growth in this region is attributed to the increasing consumption of non-ferrous metals in India, China, and Japan.

Global consumption of primary Aluminium ingots during the period January to September 2015 increased to ~42.9 million metric tonnes (MMT) from ~40.4 MMT. Global aluminum casting market will grow at a CAGR of nearly 6% by 2020.

During CY2015, apparent global zinc consumption increased to ~13.89 MMT from ~13.78 MMT in CY2014, reflecting a marginal growth rate of ~0.8%. The tepid growth witnessed was largely on account of a slow economic growth in China and ade-growth of consumption in the USA. Going forward, demand growth for refined zinc is expected to remain subdued in CY2016 on the back of an unfavourable demand outlook in major zinc-consuming economies. Nevertheless, the recent infrastructure push in China would support overall growth to an exent.

Driven by rising infrastructure development and growing demand for automotives, steel consumption is expected to reach 104 MT by 2017. It is expected that consumption per capita would increase supported by rapid growth in the industrial sector, and rising infra expenditure projects in railways, roads & highways, etc.

India’s crude steel production grew by 7.4 per cent year-on-year to 95.6 Million tonnes (MT) in 2016. Total production of crude steel during February 2017 grew by 8.5 per cent year-on-year to 8.08 MT.

India’s steel exports grew 150.0 per cent year-on-year to 0.75 MT in February 2017, while steel imports declined 46 per cent year-on-year to 0.49 MT. Total consumption of finished steel grew by 3.4 per cent year-on-year to 76.22 MT during April 2016-February 2017.

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