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Investment Opportunities & Business Ideas in Nigeria, West Africa - Identification and Selection of right Project, Thrust areas for Investment, Industry Startup and Entrepreneurship Projects

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Crude Rubber Processing - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Natural rubber is a high molecular weight polymeric substance with viscoelastic properties. Structurally it is cis 1 4-polyisoprene. Isoprene is a diene and 1 4 addition leaves a double bond in each of the isoprene unit in the polymer. Because of this natural rubber shows all the reactions of an unsaturated polymer. It gives addition compounds with halogens ozone, hydrogen chloride and several other reactants that react with olefins. An interesting reaction of natural rubber is its combination with sulphur. This is known as vulcanisation. Vulcanised rubber will have very high tensile strength and comparatively low elongation. Its hardness and abrasion resistance also will be high when compared to raw rubber. Because of the unique combination of these properties, natural rubber finds application in the manufacture of a variety of products. Uses and Applications The main use of natural rubber is in automobiles. In developed countries nearly sixty per cent of all rubber consumed is for automobile tyres and tubes. In heavy duty tyres the major portion of the rubber used is NR. In addition to tyres a modern automobile has more than 300 components made out of rubber. Many of these are processed from NR. Uses of NR in hoses footwear battery boxes foam mattresses balloons toys etc. are well known. In addition to this NR now finds extensive use in soil stabilization in vibration absorption and in road making. A variety of NR based engineering products are developed for use in these fields. Market Survey India is the fourth largest producer of Natural Rubber, after Thailand Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia is the second largest producer contributing around 27% of the worlds total natural rubber production. In the year 2011, India produced 890 thousand tonnes of natural rubber up from 851 thousand tonnes in the previous year. India contributes 8% of the world natural rubber production. Earlier rubber production was expected to grow by 2.6 per cent. The global supply had meanwhile grown by 8.6 per cent to 10.305 million tones. The rubber growing regions in India can be classified under two major zones, traditional and non?traditional on the basis of agro?climatic conditions.
Plant capacity: 12 MT/Day Plant & machinery: Rs.126 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Rs. 2327 Lakhs
Return: 49.00%Break even: 28.00%
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GLASS BOTTLE FOR BEER - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

A beer bottle is a bottle made to contain beer, usually made of glass and come in various sizes, shapes and colours. Dark amber or brown glass greatly reduces UV light from spoiling the beer.[1] However, lighter colored bottles are often used for marketing reasons. The first nationwide standardized beer bottles were introduced in Sweden in 1886. The medium size, 330ml (11.6 imp fl oz; 11.2U.S. fl oz), is still in use today, but is being phased out. Glass occurs naturally in two ways. When lightning strikes sand, the immense heat developed causes the silica grains constituting sand to fuse into long tubes of glassy material called fulgurites. Glass is also naturally formed when hot, molten lava from an erupting volcano is subjected to sudden, rapid cooling resulting in the deposition of under developed crystals of glass, more rightly referred to asobsidian. The technique of glass making too is based on similar lines. People learned to make the first glass containers about two thousand years ago. Molten glass was collected on the ends of hollow iron pipes and then expanded by blowing through the pipes. Slowly, people learnt to blow molten glass into moulds. Glass bottle making machines were introduced in the thirties. In the early seventies, environmentalists began arguing on the grounds that glass bottles added to pollution. This led to the setting up of numerous recycling centers where people could return bottles for reuse in other bottles. The entire process of bottle making is almost fully automated. An automated feeder separates a stream of molten glass into individual gobs. These are then dropped through tubes in a moving track. The gob is shaped into what looks like a short bottle with thick walls and is called a parison. The parison is transferred to a final mould made of iron, which moves up and clamps around the glass. Air is blown into the glass till it acquires the final shape of the mould. This procedure involving expansion is called blowing. The bottle is then released from the mould and annealed. MARKET SURVEY Glass bottles are used widely in the food industry. Glass faces tough competition in this sector though, from plastics, paper products and metals. It’s a very competitive market place. Plastics have made big headway into some of glass’s traditional markets, particularly in the food sector, but glass container production is still rising. He explained that glass often wins out as it is perceived to be a superior material. This is borne out by the results of surveys conducted on behalf of the Glass Packaging Institute (GPI): 96% of wine and beer drinkers in the US and Europe said they preferred their drink to be packaged in glass bottles. Consumers believe that glass provides a truer taste, by protecting the purity and quality of the drink better. The GPI says that, “Glass provides a barrier to oxygen and moisture, protecting it longer and better than any other packaging material... it communicates a premium image, taste and quality.” Soda-lime glass, while the most abundantly manufactured form of glass, has experienced testing times during the past few years as the global economic crisis significantly slowed the amount of new building as well as the amount of manufacturing worldwide. Glass was hit hard by a crash in the global housing market during the period 2008-2012. This collapse, in turn, caused the prices for some minerals used to produce glass - such as soda ash - to dip to the point where prices for the mineral were as low as they can feasibly go. Other glass-using industries, such as automobile manufacturing, also took a knock, which again filtered down to the raw materials demand level. While some glass markets dipped in 2012, this year has already begun to show some promise. In the housing sector, for example, 23 markets have demonstrated better year-on-year statistics in Q3 2012 compared with Q3 2011, according to a report by Global Property Guide. Recovery of the US housing market has been particularly evident, with growth in Q3 2012 being the highest since Q2 2006, according to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), the Guide reported. Despite these encouraging results, the impact of the global economic crisis is still evident across the glass industry. Increased production costs, unilateral CO2 costs, fluctuating and unfavourable exchange rates, and high labour costs hamper the cost competitiveness at global level of the container glass sector. OPPORTUNITIES Only few major players are there in the market, each having its own specialty in making different types sizes of glass. Therefore, competition is low and specialization is high. Raw materials as sand (silica), limestone and soda ash are basic ingredients and are readily available in Pakistan. Pakistan's glass industry can plan for joint ventures for safety and automotive glass, while it has been exporting glass to Afghanistan at an increasing rate. Export oriented development projects by the Ministry of Industrial Production and Special Initiatives (MIP&SI) were announced during 2010 and are worth 969.97 Million Rupees for Glass and ceramics industry. Anti-dumping measures and penalties by the Government on Chinese substitutes favorably impact local manufacturers. The existence of many small and medium sized players requires a period of consolidation in the Industry, allowing it to me more competitive and invest in technology to boost its export potential. Ceramic product lines include a vast range of products; tiles, tableware, sanitary ware, refractory and insulators which are a source of immense amount of revenue. The domestic demand for tile, sanitary ware and table ware is rising because of the rapid urbanization and construction of houses. Large export potential in sanitary ware in Middle East, Africa and Central Asia exists which can be exploited by using local expertise for manufacturing of machinery. Facilitation of supply chain collaboration is needed by the sector which will eventually help in meeting the demand of the product. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A C E Glass Containers Ltd. A G Glass Ltd. Cana Glass Ltd. Durgesh Block & China Glass Works Ltd. Excel Glasses Ltd. H S I L Ltd. Haldyn Corporation Ltd. Haldyn Glass Ltd. Haryana Sheet Glass Ltd. Hindusthan National Glass & Inds. Ltd. Jagatjit Industries Ltd. Mahalakshmi Glass Works Pvt. Ltd. Mohan Breweries & Distilleries Ltd. Mohan Meakin Ltd. Neutral Glass & Allied Inds. Pvt. Ltd. Piramal Glass Ltd. Shree Gobinddeo Glass Works Ltd. Shri Balkishan Agarwal Glass Inds. Ltd. Tilaknagar Distilleries & Inds. Ltd. Vazir Glass Works Ltd. Victory Glass & Inds. Ltd. Western India Glass Works Ltd.
Plant capacity: 100000 Nos./DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 112 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 620 Lakhs
Return: 29.80%Break even: 63.13%
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RICE BRAN OIL (SOLVENT EXTRACTION)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Plant Layout

Rice is an important food crop. It is consumed by more than half of the world’s population living in the developing countries. The demand of rice is increasing every day with the rise in population. It is therefore imperative to have continuous and concerted efforts to increase rice production to keep pace with the demand. Among the several approaches, varietal improvement through development of varieties with inherent high yielding potential, resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses and adaptable to various rice growing environment is of paramount importance. Rice bran is a by- product resulting from the processing of rice. Even though the process, which consists in removing certain outer layers of the caryopsis, is basically the same in all cases, it can be carried out in a number of ways, some of which have a vital bearing on the characteristics of the end product. The bran thus produced may have quite different properties; therefore their particular identity should be differentiated and maintained. Rice bran is the main source of rice oil. The majority of available bran continues to be used for animal feeds without being extracted for the oil. Rice oil, also called rice bran oil, has been used extensively in Asian countries. Rice oil is a minor constituent of rough rice when compared with the carbohydrate and protein content. Two major classes of lipids are present: those internal within the endosperm and those associated with the bran. The internal lipids contribute to the nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of rice. Rice bran oil is truly “The World’s Healthiest” edible oil, containing vitamins, antioxidants, nutrients and Trans fat free. It is not just delicate and flavorful; it can help lower cholesterol, fight diseases, enhance the immune system, and fight free radicals and more. Rice bran oil is extremely light, versatile and delicious. Used to fry, sauté, salad dressings, baking, dipping oils and where ever you use cooking oil. It is amazing cooking oil- light, healthy and also best in taste. Rice bran oil is vastly superior to traditional cooking oils and can be considered nutraceutical (food as medicine) oil that is perfect for all your healthy cooking needs. Rice bran oil is quickly becoming a favorite in commercial frying to replace hydrogenated oils that contain trans fat. This is due to rice bran oils health, flavor and performance benefits. Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process. Rice bran is the most important source of edible oil among the unconventional sources. Rice bran is the brown coating around the white starchy rice kernel, which is obtained by de-husking paddy and polishing the rice. While white rice holds little nutritional value, the bran that is removed contains 65 percent of the rice kernel’s nutrients and boasts a bounty of healthful benefits. The thin brown layer that is milled off in the processing of white rice, rice bran is just as effective as the other bran in fighting high cholesterol and providing high-grade fiber. USES & APPLICATION The crude bran oil thus obtained can be used for manufacture of soap, emulsifiers, fatty acid, plasticisers, cosmetics and tocoferol (vitamin E) etc. Crude rice bran oil is an edible grade vegetable oil intended for additional processing before human consumption. Crude rice bran oil is also source of high value added by-products. Thus, if the by-products are derived from the crude rice bran oil and the resultant oil is used as a feedstock for biodiesel, the resulting biodiesel could be quite economical and affordable. Crude rice bran oil is a rich source of high value-added byproduct. Therefore, use of rice bran oil as raw material for the production of biodiesel not only makes the process economical but also generates value added bio-active compounds. Crude rice bran oil helps reduce dust in feed, making it more palatable to animals. Moreover it acts as a lubricant in animal feed pelletization stage. Crude Rice bran oil is used as a raw material in manufacturing refined Rice bran oil. Rice bran with low levels of available carbohydrate (25 per cent) and high level of fat (20 per cent) can be considered as a good source of energy when used as a supplementary food for diabetics. Rice bran with 15 to 20 per cent oil can serve as a good source of energy and Essential Fatty Acids (EFA). It is also a commercial source of edible oil. Rice bran wax can be used in the preparation of candles, polishes, cosmetics, emulsifiers and other industrial preparations. It is the cuticle existing between the rice and the husk of the paddy, which comprises the germ the perricorp, and aleuronic layer. The bran is obtained as a by-product in rice milling during polishing of rice obtained after dehusking of paddy etc. MARKET SURVEY India produces about 80 million tonnes of paddy annually. This can yield about 5 million tonnes of rice bran and to the extent of 8 lakhs tonnes of rice bran oil. During 1983 - 84, the country processed only 13 lakhs tonnes of rice bran, though the installed processing capacity is around 32 lakhs tonnes. Production of rice bran oil is currently estimated at about 2 lakhs tonnes and hardly 10-15 per cent of it is of edible grade, although the potential availability is reckoned at about 8 lakhs tonnes. The wide gap between the actual production and the potential availability of rice bran oil is primarily due to the fact that at present around 70 per cent of the paddy produced in the country is processed through huller mills while only 30 percent is processed by modern Sheller mills. It has been estimated that huller mills number about 80,000 while there are only 28,000 modern Sheller mills. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A G Fats Ltd. Agrawal Oil Extractions Ltd. Agro Tech India Ltd. Balaji Agro Oils Ltd. Bharani Oils Ltd. Boppana Oils Ltd. Cethar Foodoil Ltd. Chaitanya Oils Ltd. Globus Industries & Services Ltd. Goa Agro Oil Ltd. Godavari Edible Bran Oil Ltd. J R Foods Ltd. J S P Oils & Fats Ltd. K G N Agro Internationals Ltd. Kanakadurga Agro Oil Products Ltd. Kedia Overseas Ltd. Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ltd. Malwala Oils Ltd. Midland Industries Ltd. Modi Naturals Ltd. Morinda Overseas Inds. Ltd. Neha Oils Ltd. Patliputra Industries Ltd. Prakash Solvent Extractions Ltd. Raghunath Cotton & Oil Products Ltd. Ravindra Solvent Oils Ltd. Rice Oil & Foods Ltd. S K M Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Ltd. Sambandam Solvent Extraction Ltd. Satyakala Agro Oil Products Ltd. Sethia Oil Inds. Ltd. Sethia Oils Ltd. Shanti Kunj Solvent Ltd. Shree Madhav Edible Products Ltd. Shree Shakthi Agro Oils Ltd. Siddaganga Oil Extractions Pvt. Ltd. Siris Agro Ltd. Sona Oil & Chemical Inds. Ltd. Sonitpur Solvex Ltd. Sree Tulasi Solvent Extractions Ltd. Sri Murugarajendra Oil Industry Ltd. Srihitha Refineries Ltd. Sudha Agro Oil & Chemical Inds. Ltd. Tara Health Foods Ltd. Thapar Agro Mills Ltd. Unique Organics Ltd. Vegepro Foods & Feeds Ltd. Vijay Agro Products Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 388 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 615 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 1760 Lakhs
Return: 30.02%Break even: 47.16%
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TOUGHENED GLASS - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Layout

Glass making, one of the oldest of industries, has had a fascination for man throughout the ages. The transmutation of common sand and earth into a gem- like, rigid, transparent material has all the romance of alchemy. Today, by far the greater volume of glass is made by fully automatic means, and a visit to a modern bottle factory, The glass technologist is the alchemist behind the scenes who must daily exercise his art, assisted by science, to ensure that the machines are capable of functioning properly. Glass cannot be shaped by brute force alone, as is the case with metals or plastics; it must be persuaded into shape by encouragement or constraint so that, like a perverse mule, its movement complies with its own inclination and yet is in the right direction. Therefore all amorphous materials are not necessarily glasses. The products obtained in all these processes give rise to X-ray diffraction patterns, which lack crystalline features such as sharp diffraction peaks. Their electron diffraction patterns generally consist of one or two diffuse hallows. But many such amorphous materials do not exhibit glass transition. Therefore it is assumed, unless stated otherwise, that glasses are only those amorphous solids which are obtained by the super cooling of melts. When a liquid is cooled from a high temperature to its melting temperature, (Tm), it generally solidifies to a crystalline product. It is only rarely that melts do not crystallize when they are cooled slowly. Therefore in order to obtain a glass the rate of super cooling has to be such that crystallization is bypassed. This requires rapid quenching in order to bypass crystallization. Thus the cooling or quenching rate, Q, which is a kinetic parameter is of great significance for glass formation. While in connection with annealing the residual stress in the glass was high if the holding temperature was high and the subsequent cooling rapid. Thermal toughening exploits this situation to the full. The holding temperature is made as high as the glass will stand without sagging and the cooling rate made as rapid as the glass will stand without breaking under the temporary chilling stress. Infact, the sagging temperature is slightly exceeded and the ware usually shows sign pf distortion tong marks. ? USES & APPLICATION A fully tempered glass is used in most modern glass facade, where glass strength is required. A fully tempered glass is recommended for windows that are on high floors or skylights where people are required to stand on top for cleaning. Tempered glass is also used in areas where risk of thermal breakage or impact breakage is high, fully tempered glass should be used so as to avoid risk of injury. Glass strength is also required in point fixed glazing, bolted and patches fittings. Toughened glass is used when strength, thermal resistance and safety are important considerations. The most commonly encountered tempered glass is that used for side and rear windows in automobiles. Fully tempered glass is used traditionally in place of other glass products in applications requiring increased strength and reduced likelihood of injury in the event of breakage. The building industry, motor vehicle industry and certain manufacturing industries find tempered glass is effective and economical in a wide range of applications. Fully tempered glass can satisfy federal, state and local building code requirements for safety glazing in such applications as doors, side lights, shower and tub enclosure, and interior partitions. It is also used in storm doors, patio-door assemblies, and escalator and stairway balustrades. As a glazing product it is used in windows and in spandrel areas (for wind pressure, small missile impact and thermal stress resistance). Special building applications include sloped glazing, racquetball courts, skylights (see below), and solar panels. Any conditions or requirements imposed in the applicable safety glazing laws and building codes limiting such special uses should be determined prior to glazing. MARKET SURVEY The glass industry represents a number of definable product segments: (a) flat glass including Float Glass, (b) glass containers and hollowware, (c) vacuum glass, (d) domestic and industrial glassware, (e) crystal glass, (f) fibreglass, (g) glass wool, (h) TV picture tube glass shells, and (i) laboratory glass. Most of the glass products have both industrial and consumer usages. Laboratory glass is a minor constituent. So are fibreglass and glasswool - although fibreglass is gaining momen-tum increasingly. The industry is growing at around 8% per annum. Consumption per capita of glass in India is only about 0.8 kg compared to 3.5 kg in China, 5.2 kg in Thailand, 12 kg in Malaysia and 2.5 kg in Indonesia. The total organised producers in the glass market have a turnover estimated at over Rs 40 bn, represented by a fairly large number of suppliers. The dominance of China as a major market supplier of glass products has been increasing with economic liberalisation and rising foreign investment. China accounts for about one-third share in the worldwide demand of flat glass. India has one of the lowest per capita flat glass consumption but with rapid growth in domestic construction and automotive market, it presents a significant opportunity for global majors, which have entered the market in a big way. India exports about 13,000 tonne of glass per month to the Middle East, African countries, Europe and South America. The rapid increase in the demand for flat glass in the domestic market has resulted in a cutback in exports by as much as 60% in the last couple of years. The two main entrants in the glass industry in the recent years have been Float Glass (a technological variant of flat or sheet glass) and crystalware. Fibreglass and glass wool are still a small turnover industry but has been operating in India for quite sometime. Flat glass is segmented into conventional sheet glass and Float Glass. Float Glass is stronger (by 25%) than normal sheet glass. It also has a much higher degree of optical clarity. Other varieties include figured and wired glass. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Asahi India Glass Ltd. Atul Glass Inds. Ltd. Auroplast India Ltd. Gold Plus Glasses India Ltd. Hindusthan Safety Glass Works Pvt. Ltd. Saint-Gobain Sekurit India Ltd.
Plant capacity: 30 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 162 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 499 Lakhs
Return: 50.48%Break even: 53.71%
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SILICA FROM RICE HUSK ASH - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Rice husk is an agricultural residue easily available in rice producing countries. India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion & or by gasification. The rice husk contains about 75% organic volatile matter & the balance 25% of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in tern contains around 85%–92% amorphous silica. Silica is one of the valuable inorganic chemical compounds. It can exist in gel, crystalline and amorphous forms. It is the most abundant material in the earth’s crust. Silica is the major constituent of rice husk ash. With such a large ash content & silica content in the ash it becomes economical to extract silica from the ash, which has wide market & also takes care of ash disposal. Precipitated Silica (also called particulate silica) is composed of aggregates of ultimate particles of colloidal size that have not become linked in massive gel network during the preparation process. It is an amorphous form of silica; the word amorphous denotes a lack or crystal structure, as defined by x-ray diffraction. Early interest in amorphous silica was purely academic. Amorphous silica can be broadly divided into three categories. Vitreous silica or glass made by fusing quartz, Silica made indicating either amorphous or crystalline silica with high speed neutrons & Micro amorphous silica. Micro amorphous silica includes sols, gels powders & porous glasses, all of which are composed of ultimate particles or structural units less than 1/um in diameter. These silica have high surface area, generally greater than 3m2/g. Micro amorphous silica can be further divided into micro particulate silica microscopic sheets & fibers & hydrated amorphous silica. .Gynogenic silica’s are formed at high temperature by condensation of SiO2 from the vapor phase, or at lower temperature by chemical reaction in the vapor phase followed, by condensation. Silica formed in an aqueous solution can occur as sols, gels or particles. A gel has a three-dimensional, Continuous structure, where as a sol is a stable dispersion of fine particles. Macroscopic particles are formed by aggregation of smaller particles from either a gel or so. Amorphous silica is precipitated from super saturated solution obtained by concentrating an under saturated solution a hot saturated solution, or generating Si(OH)4 of silica ester SiH4, SiS2, SiCl4 or Si. Precipitated Silica soluble silicate solutions are of fine controlled particle size & porous in nature. Precipitated silica powders have a more open structure with higher volume than dried pulverized gels. The physical & chemical properties or precipitated silica vary according to the manufacturing process. Ultimate & aggregate particle size in silica’s precipitated from solution can be varied by reinforcement & control of suspension pH, temperature & salt content. The particle size in gynogenic silica’s is controlled by combustion conditions. The surface area as determined by nitrogen adsorption is a function of particle size. USES AND APPLICATION Precipitated silica is used as filler for paper & rubber as a carrier & diluents for agricultural chemicals, as an anti caking agent, to control viscosity & thickness and as a cleansing agent in toothpastes & in cosmetics. Precipitated silica also finds its applications as anti caking agents in food industry & as thermal insulators. Precipitated silica is perhaps the best not black filler and reinforcing agent used in rubber industry especially for the production of silicon rubber. The distinguishing feature of the growth of precipitated silica industry in India is that it has classifiably flourished in the small-scale sector. Readily available new materials low capital investment & high rates of return offer a distinct advantage to the small-scale manufacturers to venture into this field. MARKET SURVEY Precipitated Silica is used as filler for paper & rubber as a carrier & diluents for agricultural chemicals, as an anti caking agent, to control viscosity & thickness and as molecular sieves. So, we can better understand the growing demand of precipitated silica by seeing the demand of the following industries.Silicon is a unique material. Its abundance is one of the reasons it is used for a wide range of purposes. One of the most important uses of silicon is as a core element of microchips. To manufacture microchips, the microelectronics industry requires silicon with an impurity level of 10–11. Since silicon forms a stable compound with oxygen (silicon oxide, SiO2), the deoxidization of silicon oxide needed to reach this high level of purity consumes a substantial amount of energy, which, in turn, affects the environment through emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2).Bulk silicon wafers used at the beginning of the integrated circuit making process must first be refined to "nine nines" purity (99.9999999%), a process which requires repeated applications of refining technology. The silicon demand by the PV cell industry can be estimated using the available amount of silicon in combination with the amount of silicon needed to produce 1 MWp of solar cells. Global production of rice, the majority of which is grown in Asia is approximately 550 million tonnes/year. This is generated at a rate of about 20% of the weight of the product rice, or some 110 million tonnes per year globally. The husk in turn contains between 15 and 20% of mineral matter the majority of which is amorphous silica. There is a growing demand for finely divided amorphous silica in the production of high strength, low permeability concrete, for use in bridges, marine environments, and nuclear power plants. This market is currently filled by silica fume. Limited supply and high demand has pushed the price of silica fume to as much as US$ 1,000/tonne in some market. Rice husk has the potential to generate 16.5 to 22 million tonnes of ash containing over 90% amorphous silica that could be used as a substitute for silica fume. The husk has energy content of about 14 GJ/tonne so that the energy potential worldwide would be some 1.5 billion GJ/year, which at US$ 5/GJ would have an annual value of US$ 7.5 billion. This amount of energy is equivalent to over 1 billion barrels of oil per year. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Anand Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Anand Lubricants Pvt. Ltd. Camco Multi Metal Ltd. Elofic Industries Ltd.
Plant capacity: 20 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 518 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 832 Lakhs
Return: 24.91%Break even: 48.13%
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Particle Board from Rice Husk - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses has lead to the short fall of traditional building materials. Bricks, Cement, sand, and wood are now becoming scares materials. Demand of good quality of building materials to replace the traditional materials and the need for cost effective and durable materials for the low cost housing has necessitated the researchers to develop variety of new and innovative building materials. Construction materials of special requirements for the houses in different geographical region to overcome the risk of natural hazard and for protection from sever climatic conditions has also emphasised the need for development of lightweight, insulating, cost effective, durable and environment friendly building materials. Agricultural waste or residue is made up of organic compounds from organic sources such as rice straw, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sugar cane bagasse, coconut shell, and others. Rice husk from paddy (Oryza sativa) is one example of alternative material that can be potentially used for making particle board. Rice husk is unusually high in ash, which is 92 to 95% silica, highly porous and lightweight, with a very high external surface area. Its absorbent and insulating properties are useful to many industrial applications, such as acting as a strengthening agent in building materials. Rice husks are processed into rectangular shaped particle boards. Particle board is as the name suggests a board made of particles of wood obtained mechanically without destroying the inherent character of wood. This new industry initially was started primarily with a view to utilize wood waste. Wood that was left in the forest being unsuitable for lumber industry and wood that was thrown away as waste in various wood industries, (e.g. sawmills, furniture making plywood Industries) could be utilized in making particle board. It may be mentioned here that fiber board also utilizes the same wood waste; the wood is converted into pulp and pressed the bond being obtained mainly from the natural lignin present in wood. In case of particle board, the bond is obtained by using an organic binder-synthetic resin adhesive. The accepted definition of particle board is A sheet material manufactured from small pieces of wood on other lignocelluloses materials, (e.g. chips, flakes, splinters, strands, shives, etc.) agglomerated by use of an organic binder together with one or more of the following agents heat, pressure, moisture a catalyst etc. Uses & Applications The property of this board can be controlled. It has got better acoustic properties and hence better sound absorption. It does not support combustion, thus it is safe to use as it is fine safety measure. It is insect and termite resistant. It is water resistant. It is more economical. It is used in furniture making where cost economy is the main factor. It is used both for movable and built in furniture. It is used in construction industry in making doors, flooring, floor underlayment, ceiling, roof underlayment, walls partition, concrete frame-work and transport industry. Market Survey The large producers account for 15% of the total production, producing some 38 mn sq. m of plywood and block boards. The ecological considerations had, however, placed the industry in jeopardy owing primarily to the restraints put on the use of timber. Alternate materials from agricultural wastes like stalks of cotton and wheat, rice husk and bagasse are slowly getting into the industry as raw material feeds. Kitply Industries, Sarda Plywood, Century Plywood, Novapan, National Plywood, Green-ply and Jayshree Tea remain the main players in the organized sector of plywoods and particle boards, which has some 60 units. There are several SSI units and other informal sector units contributing around 60% of the total production. The Indian market for particle board and plywood is estimated in value terms, at over Rs 37 bn. Of the total market, particle board including medium density fiber board (MDF board) accounts for nearly a quarter of the market. Nearly 85% of the particle board is supplied by the organized sector. Western India has emerged as the leader in the particle board segment. Shirdi Industries (SIL) was setting up a plant for the manufacture of MDF and particle board. The project, which will be India's first and only integrated plant providing complete interior solutions, was being set up at Uttarakhand. It was mainly because of the state government granting the company a status, entitling the company to excise duty, income tax and sales tax exemption besides investment subsidy. The company is also producing pre-laminated board, decorative laminates, floorings, panel door and furniture components from the facility. Few Major Players are as under:- Archidply Industries Ltd. Bajaj Eco-Tec Products Ltd. Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. Ecoboard Industries Ltd. Feroke Boards Ltd. Genus Paper Products Ltd. Kitply Industries Ltd. Novopan Industries Ltd. Nuboard Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Rushil Decor Ltd. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd. Shirdi Industries Ltd. Western India Plywoods Ltd.
Plant capacity: 15 Lakh Nos. /annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 152 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 426 Lakhs
Return: 31.00%Break even: 51.00%
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Banana Products (Banana Powder, Banana Puree and Banana Concentrate)- Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study

Banana is the largest produced and maximum consumed amongst the fruits cultivated in India. It is known as the ‘common man’s fruit’. It is highly nutritive and very delicious. India ranks first amongst the banana cultivating countries of the world with an annual production share of 25% of the total harvest. During the past two decades the large-scale cultivation of this fruit crop has undergone considerable changes. Banana is perhaps one of the major crops, which has accepted tissue culture as a mode of propagation especially in India. Shorter harvest times and enhanced yields have popularized the cultivation of this fruit crop with respect to the area of cultivation and production by tissue culture methods. Banana fruits are available in plenty in the Tropical countries like India, and a sizeable quantity of this fruit is wasted due to poor transportation and storage facilities. Banana when ripened is a soft and delicate fruit with a post-harvest shelf life of 5- 10 days. This makes it prone to injury during transport. Further, release of ethylene during bulk storage makes the fruit ripen faster and the fruits generally rot before reaching its destination. Hence, it has always being considered a ‘problem fruit’ with respect to transportation. These reasons contribute to a local market glut, resultant price crash and subsequent disinterest among the farming community to cultivate it on a large scale. It is hence important to overcome this problem by generating an increased demand of this fruit crop. Bananas are packed with many of the nutrients that your baby needs. Sometimes referred to as a power food, it's got the perfect combination of being rich in potassium but low in sodium, making it a heart-healthy fluid. Additionally, it has an abundance of vitamins, particularly Vitamin B6, Vitamin C and Vitamin B2. Filled with those healthy vitamins and nutrients, but low in cholesterol, saturated fat and sodium, you can feel confident offering it to your baby. Just a word of caution, though known for settling upset tummies and diarrhea, eating too many bananas may lead to constipation. Banana being a ‘common man’s fruit’ is consumed in following forms: Banana Powder, Banana Puree, Banana Juice concentrate etc. Uses Banana powder, because of its high concentration of banana essence, has been found to be a major source of carbohydrate and calories . The powder has also been found to be useful as a general treatment for dyspepsia. while it is in its green state, it contains starches which are resistant to digestion, but have been studied in combination with pectin to significantly reduce intestinal permeability and fluid loss in those suffering with bouts of diarrhoea Banana powder has been studied to prevent ulcer formation induced by a variety of drugs, including aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, prednisolone, cysteamine, and histamine. Banana peel has been found to suppress testosterone-induced prostate gland enlargement. A water extract of banana stem extract has been found to suppress the formation of oxalate-associated kidney stones in the animal model, leading researchers to conclude that it may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with hyperoxaluric urolithiasis. UV-B light induced skin damage may be prevented or reduced through the consumption of bananas, with a protective effect against loss of skin elasticity. Banana root extracts have been discovered to contain blood sugar lowering properties Banana contains compounds with demonstrable anti-MRSA activity, anti-HIV replicative activity, and following metabolic transformation by fungi, anti-leishmanicidal activity. Market Survey Banana is an important fruit crop of many tropical and subtropical regions of India. It is cultivated in India in an area of 830.5 thousand hectare and total production is around 29,779.91 thousand tons. Main banana growing states are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The global production of banana is around 102028.17 thousand tons of which India contributes 29.19%. Besides India, other major banana producing countries are China, Philippines, Ecuador, Brazil and Indonesia. Banana Puree or Banana Pulp is processed from a selected variety of banana grown in the sub-tropical region of South India. The Cavendish banana puree (banana pulp) obtained from Indian bananas is considered best in quality owing to the superior size, flavor, taste and thickness of the Indian bananas. Banana Puree is widely mixed into daily food, juices, nectars, drinks, jams, bakery fillings, and fruit meals for children. Banana puree or banana pulp is used as flavor for baby foods, ice creams, yoghurts. Banana yoghurt makes a healthy snack and banana ice cream, milk shakes and delicious desserts are favorites among children. The demand of Banana Products in market is increasing rapidly due to nutritive and medicinal characteristics of it. India is one of the major country producing banana and its derivatives. Banana Derivatives includes: Puree, Ice-Creams, Fruit breads, cakes, tarts, muffins, pie-fillings, icings, donuts, fruit bars, milk shakes, yogurts, puddings, toppings, deserts, baby food, etc.
Plant capacity: 2160 MT/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 155 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 519 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 58.00%
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Cattle Feed - Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Cost of Project

The principal feed resources for animal consumption in the country are crop residues like straws of wheat, rice and other cereals and stovers, which are very poor in feed value. Even these are in short supply. These are supplemented to some extent by relatively better quality fodders like cultivated leguminous and non-leguminous fodder grasses and concentrates. The latter are formulated largely from agro-industrial by-product and forest wastes and small quantities of low-grade cereals with the present stock of feed and fodder resources available in the country, it is well impossible to meet the nutrient requirements of even the present day low-producing cattle and buffaloes. Such a situation is bound to aggravate difficulties in the feeding of better producing livestock such as cross breed lows in exploiting their full genetic potentiality for early growth, better reproduction and higher milk production. Livestock in the country, therefore, suffer widely from insufficient supply of nutrients. The unconventional agro-industrial by products and forest wastes may find a greater use as livestock feeds in coming years. The nutritive value of tropical feeds and fodder is lower than those grown in temperate region. This situation does not allow cows to consume maximum amount of feed, nor to get feed of minimum allowable digestibility. It is not possible to anticipate any remarkable improvement in the feed situation in the near future and also in the supply of high digestible ingredients like worse grains. The digestibility of feed for meeting nutrient requirements of the cattle must bear relation to its intake capacity. Market Survey Cattle feed is a peculiar product consumed mainly by cattle owners of rural area. Animal industrial enterprises in all area and so, the market for cattle feed is very scattered. The consumers are living by and large in poverty and so they have hardly enough finances to spare for cattle feed. Yet cattles are the only source of earring in many cases and to increase their own earning they try to spend upon cattles as much as possible. Unawareness about the product and its importance should also be looked after. The benefits of this scientifically prepared cattle feed over traditional feed has become as popular as they should be. The problem is much of replacing unscientific feeding system with scientific feed. Estimation of Demand on the Basis of Various Macro Factors: - Broadly there are five factors affecting demand. Population of cattle and its composition. Financial Position of Farmers. Awareness of Farmer to the production. Auality of available cattle feed. Government policy and the program of cattle development. India has the largest cattle, buffalo and goat population according to latest census. There are about 200 million cattle, 50 million buffaloes and 90 million goats in the country. About one sixth of the cattle, about half of buffalo and one fifth of goat population in world are in India. Animal husbandry plays an important role in the national life and accounts for about 10% of the national income. In particular the contributor of the cattle and buffalo to the economy is considerable. They are the main source of drought power in agricultural operations and rural transportation they provide essential, foods like milk and meal. Few Major Players are as under:- Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd. Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd. Agribiotech Industries Ltd. Agro Tech India Ltd. Allana Cold Storage Ltd. Amrit Feeds Ltd. Andhra Sugars Ltd. Anirudh Foods Ltd. Annam Feeds Ltd. Anupam Extractions Ltd. Arambagh Hatcheries Ltd. Aries Agro Ltd. Aries Marketing Ltd. Bala Industries & Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. Balaji Foods & Feeds Ltd. Baramati Agro Ltd. Brooke Bond Lipton India Ltd. C & M Farming Ltd. C P Aquaculture (India) Pvt. Ltd. Damania Pharma Ltd. Dhanalaxmi Roto Spinners Ltd. Gajanan Extraction Ltd. Genomics Biotech Ltd. Godrej Agrovet Ltd. Goldmohur Foods & Feeds Ltd. Graintec India Ltd. Hanuman Minor Oils Ltd. Haryana Agro Inds. Corp. Ltd. Hatsun Agro Products Ltd. Indian Potash Ltd. Indo Euro Indchem Ltd. Induss Food Products & Equipment Ltd. Intercorp Biotech Ltd. Japfa Comfeed India Pvt. Ltd. Jupiter Biotech Ltd. Kapila Krishi Udyog Ltd. Kerala Feeds Ltd. Khandesh Extraction Ltd. Kirti Dal Mills Ltd. Kumar Food Inds. Ltd. Kwality Dairy (India) Ltd. Kwality Feeds Ltd. Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Lipton India Ltd. Maharashtra Agro-Inds. Devp. Corp. Ltd. Maheshwari Solvent Extraction Ltd. Mapro Industries Ltd. Nova Chemie (India) Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Parakh Foods Ltd. Piccadily Agro Inds. Ltd. Pioneer Feeds & Poultry Products Pvt. Ltd. Pranav Agro Inds. Ltd. Prima Agro Ltd. Puri Oil Mills Ltd. Rainbow Agri Inds. Ltd. S K M Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Ltd. S O L Ltd. Sakthi Beverages Ltd. Schreiber Dynamix Dairies Ltd. Shalimar Pellet Feeds Ltd. Snam Vijaya Feeds Ltd. Sona Oil & Chemical Inds. Ltd. Sonitpur Solvex Ltd. Sree Tulasi Solvent Extractions Ltd. Suguna Foods Ltd. Suguna Poultry Products Ltd. Superhouse Ltd. Swastika Feeds Ltd. Tara Health Foods Ltd. Tata Oil Mills Co. Ltd. Tinna Oils & Chemicals Ltd. Tubal Feeds Pvt. Ltd. Vegepro Foods & Feeds Ltd. Venky'S (India) Ltd. Venky'S (India) Ltd. [Erstwhile] Vijay Agro Products Pvt. Ltd. Zeus Biotech Ltd.
Plant capacity: 14400 MT/annumPlant & machinery: Rs. 23 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 202 Lakhs
Return: 30.00%Break even: 66.00%
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Potato Starch

Potato is widely consumed as food all over the world. It contains the starch as a major carbohydrate. Surplus and cull potatoes are used as feed for livestock and also as raw material for the manufacture of starch, ethyl alcohol and a few other industrial products like, dextrose, liquid Glucose etc. The potato contains approximately 18-21% of carbohydrates. The major carbohydrate is starch. This starch comprises 65-80% of the dry weight of the tuber, is calorifically the most important nutritional component. Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. The starch is then washed out and dried to powder. Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white color, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength, long texture and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution. Potato starch contains approximately 800 ppm phosphate bound to the starch; this increases the viscosity and gives the solution a slightly anionic character, a low gelatinization temperature (approximately 140 °F (60 °C)) and high swelling power. Starch is a tasteless, odorless, white amorphous powder, insoluble in water. All green plants store starch as nourishment for the future. Starch is one of the fundamental substances in the vegetable kingdom and is in existence abundantly in the natural world. Uses Starch is mainly used as material both in the manufacture of food and non-food products. In food processing a lot of starch is converted to starch hydrolysate. It is also used as a thickener in soups and gravies. Pre-gelatinized potato starch is used in considerable quantities in instant puddings, in which its properties are preferable to those of cereal starches. It is used in confectionery industry as a medium for molding cast candies such as jelly beans and gum drops, as a thickening agent in synthetic jellies, for sauces, soups, and stews. Potato starch tolerates higher temperatures than cornstarch when used as a thickener. It's a natural way to add moistness to many baked goods and as a dusting agent mixed with powdered sugar, for candy gums, chewing gums etc. It is also used in producing adhesives and dextrin’s, as a fermentation raw material, binder for tablets, and binder and extender for sausages. Starch derivatives are used in many recipes, for example in noodles, wine gums, cocktail nuts, potato chips, hot dog sausages, bakery and instant soups and sauces, in gluten-free recipes in kosher foods for Passover and in Asian cuisine. In pastry, e.g. sponge cake, it is used to keep the cake moist and give a soft texture. It is also occasionally used in the preparation of pre-packed grated cheese, to reduce sweating and binding. Market Survey Potato is a starch rich material with about 12-25 per cent starch in Indian varieties. In India, production of starch from potatoes is limited due to availability of cheaper sources of starch such as maize and tapioca. The pattern of world potato utilization indicates that over 2.8 per cent potato is used for starch extraction. The enormous amount for waste potatoes available, if used for starch production would not only result in value added products, but will also generate employment and save foreign exchange, it will also reduce cost of starch production from potatoes. The global starch consumption is expected to grow from 13.6 million tons in 2012 to 16.28 million tons by 2017, at an estimated CAGR of 3.5% from 2012 to 2017. The North America region is expected to continue its dominance on the global modified starch consumption, however, due to the increasing impact for demand of convenience health food, functional food, and the need to focus on alternate sources of starch, the Asian sub-continent is expected to drive the growth of the industry for the next few years. China and India are the leaders in the APAC market, driving the demand for modified starch because of the changing lifestyles and growing economies, boosting the need for convenience food sector. A second large consumer of starch hydrolysis products is the fermentation industry. Many fermentation processes run on starch hydrolysate. This is partly for cost reasons and partly because the organisms in use have been trained to prefer glucose to saccharose. The only exception is yeast, which traditionally grows best in molasses. Markets for virtually all fermentation-derived products, whether they are penicillin based, citric acids or amino acids, expand at high rates and add to the demand for starch hydrolysis products. Minor applications of starch syrups include their use in the manufacturing of sugar alcohols, particularly of Sorbitol; low calorie content and high degree of sweetness make sorbitol ideal for a number of different foods. Overall, the markets for starches and derivatives are expected to expand on a global scale at a substantial rate. Few Indian Major Players are as under Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 4500 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 517 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 899 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 47.00%
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Maize Processing Unit - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Maize is one of the cereal grains which has been produced throughout India and is placed 3rd position in agricultural base production. Maize is constituted by hull, germ, protein, starch and moisture. There is dry and wet milling process of manufacturing of starch, zein, germ and hulls. Starch is the basic constituent of maize and it is converted to liquid glucose by adopting series of digestion steps on starch. It will be basically enzyme and acid digestion system. It may be enzyme - enzyme system or only acid digestion system. In the production of liquid glucose there is some production of dextrose anhydride. Starch is a tasteless, odorless, white amorphous powder, insoluble in water. All green plants store Starch as nourishment for the future. Starch is one of the fundamental substances in the vegetable kingdom and is in existence abundantly in the natural world. Starch is produced from various sources such as corn (maize), tapioca etc. Starch is a mixture of two polymers namely amylase and amylopectine. Uses Pure Starches can be physically modified into various products of varied characteristics. Starch can be potentially used in large number of preparations. Its major applications are in textiles and paper manufacture and in food and pharmaceutical industries. Starch is used in the manufacture of number of products such as starch esters, starch phosphates, glucose, dextrose, sorbitol, ethyl alcohol etc. Glucose syrup is used in hard boiled sweets and many dairy products, as a granulating agent for tablet coating and as a vehicle for orally administered medical syrups in pharmaceuticals. Glucose syrup is used in the manufacture of canned foods, confectionery, bakery products, ice-creams, chewing tobacco, shoe polish and leather chemicals. Sorbitol is used as raw material for the manufacture of Vitamin-C and also as basic additive material in toothpaste, creams, cosmetics, paper and numerous food products. It can also be used as stabilizer and antioxidant in PVC resins, protective coatings, urethane rigid foams, elastomers etc. Market survey Maize (Corn) contains about 70% starch, other components being protein, fibers and fat. The basis of the maize milling process is the separation of the maize kernel into its different parts. Maize starch is produced by the wet milling process, which involves grinding of softened maize and separation of corn oil seeds (germs), gluten (proteins), fibers (husk) and finally pure starch. Karnataka, AP, Bihar, MP. UP and Rajasthan are the main maize producing areas. It is also produced in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, HP, Jammu Kashmir, and Orissa. Punjab, West Bengal etc. Expiry rate of maize is fixed according to Nizamabad mandi. Apart from Nizamabad, Karimnagar in AP is also a delivery centre. In Maharashtra, Jalna and Jalgaon are the delivery centres while in Karnataka, Davengere is a delivery centre. Nimbaheda in Rajasthan, Ratlam in MP and Bahraich in UP are the delivery centres which are approved by the NCDEX. Maize is also produced in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, HP, Jammu & Kashmir, Orissa, Punjab and West Bengal. Starch is the key ingredient in Food Industry, Pharma Industry, Cattle Feed, Paper and Textile Industry. Starch market is driven mainly by the dynamics in Pharma, Food, Paper and Textile Industries. Apart from the above, starch and starch derivates are increasingly used in manufacture of ethanol to be blended with petroleum products. The wet milling industry in India is limited to certain pockets such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka and Chattisgarh. There are about 17 wet milling units with a crushing capacity of about 3400 MT of maize/day. The average processing capacity of the units in India is 200 MT of maize/day. There are plants with as high crushing capacity as 400 MT/day. The starch is the main product of a maize processing unit, which is consumed in various other industries like food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, hotels and restaurants, etc. The other products include Gluten, Germ, Fibre (husk) and Corn Steep Liquor. Gluten has great demand in animal feed industry because of its high protein content (70%). Germ is expressed to extract germ oil which is a low cholesterol containing edible oil. Fibre, mainly the husk, is used by animal feed manufacturers. It has demand in wet form itself for animal feed. Corn Steep Liquor is one of the substrates for culture media for manufacturing of antibiotics and other microbial production systems. In India, Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Kolkata are the major markets for processed maize products. Other important markets include Bhopal, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Bangalore etc. Hence, Ahmedabad and Mumbai are the major trading centres for corn starch in India. As the supply demand gap is about 60% the starch can very easily be marketed in the Country and also Starch and Gluten have good Export Potential as well. India exports these products to Sri Lanka, South East Asian countries, Bangladesh and South Africa. The husk can be sold locally, the steep liquor which produce antibiotics and microbial products and corn oil can be marketed outside the state as there is good demand for it. Hence the maize processing unit if set up in the State, will flourish and catch up the market very easily. Glucose and Dextrose are the most important end uses of the product. The growth of liquid glucose in terms of its production has been at an annual compound growth of 6.3%. As regard Dextrose, the production of the same registered an annual compound growth rate of 8%. With such as appreciable growth rate of production of dextrose it is expected that the demand for starch would also substantially go up in the future. The paper industry also accounts for about 10% of the total consumption of starch. In this respect the growth of paper, and paperboard and also paper grade pulp in terms of installed capacity production and capacity utilization have been as under. Apart from these, food products industry is also growing appreciably over a period of time, which would also an increasing demand for starch. Few Indian Major Players are as under Amaravati Agro Ltd. Bharat Starch Inds. Ltd. E I C L Ltd. Gayatri Bioorganics Ltd. Gujarat Ambuja Proteins Ltd. Gulshan Polyols Ltd. Hindustan Maize Products Ltd. Indian Maize & Chemicals Ltd. International Bestfoods Ltd. Jayant Vitamins Ltd. K G Gluco Biols Ltd. Kamala Sugar Mills Ltd. Laxmi Starch Ltd. Origin Agrostar Ltd. Rai Agro Inds. Ltd. Riddhi Siddhi Gluco Biols Ltd. Santosh Starch Ltd. Santosh Starch Products Ltd. Sayaji Industries Ltd. Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Sukhjit Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Tan India Ltd. Tirupati Starch & Chemicals Ltd. Unicorn Organics Ltd. Unique Sugars Ltd. Universal Starch-Chem Allied Ltd. Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 60,900 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: Rs. 420 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 1229 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 59.00%
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