Mozambique's FDI surged to USD 5.6 billion in 2025 — a 60.2% increase from the USD 3.5 billion recorded in 2024 (Bank of Mozambique). This figure is almost entirely driven by investment in the Rovuma Basin LNG megaprojects: TotalEnergies' Afungi LNG complex and ExxonMobil / ENH's Rovuma LNG project. Natural gas attracted approximately USD 1.234 billion in Q1 2025 alone; coal mining attracted USD 282 million.

The LNG story is powerful, but it is not the investment story for SME entrepreneurs. The LNG projects require billions in capital, specialist geotechnical expertise, and long-term project finance structures that are inaccessible to most investors. The real opportunity for entrepreneurs lies in the supply chain and services ecosystem these megaprojects generate, and in the sectors t

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Mozambique's FDI surged to USD 5.6 billion in 2025 — a 60.2% increase from the USD 3.5 billion recorded in 2024 (Bank of Mozambique). This figure is almost entirely driven by investment in the Rovuma Basin LNG megaprojects: TotalEnergies' Afungi LNG complex and ExxonMobil / ENH's Rovuma LNG project. Natural gas attracted approximately USD 1.234 billion in Q1 2025 alone; coal mining attracted USD 282 million.

The LNG story is powerful, but it is not the investment story for SME entrepreneurs. The LNG projects require billions in capital, specialist geotechnical expertise, and long-term project finance structures that are inaccessible to most investors. The real opportunity for entrepreneurs lies in the supply chain and services ecosystem these megaprojects generate, and in the sectors the LNG boom is inadvertently building: construction, logistics, food services, professional services, and manufacturing.

QUICK FACTS: Mozambique Investment Snapshot (2025) GDP (2024):  ~USD 22.75 billion nominal; GDP per capita growth jumped from 2% (2023) to 5.5% (2024) FDI (2025):  USD 5.6 billion — up 60.2% YoY; third-highest level on record (Bank of Mozambique) FDI (2024):  USD 3.5 billion; 41.5% growth from 2023 LNG Reserves:  100–180 trillion cubic feet in the Rovuma Basin — among the world's largest undeveloped gas fields Population:  ~34.63 million (2024); growing at 2.9% annually Agriculture Share of GDP:  25.2% — employs majority of the population Key Hubs:  Maputo, Beira, Nacala, Pemba, Nampula, Tete Currency:  Mozambican Metical (MZN) — approx. MZN 65–70/USD (mid-2025)

Why Mozambique Presents a Distinctive Opportunity for Non-Extractive Entrepreneurs

Mozambique's extractive sector generates enormous capital inflows but limited jobs. The government's own analysis acknowledges that megaprojects have not generated the expected employment growth — partly due to insufficient local content policy and partly due to the capital-intensive nature of LNG production. This gap between capital inflow and job creation is exactly where manufacturing businesses and service enterprises can step in.

The LNG megaprojects require: construction materials, fabrication services, logistics, catering, accommodation, healthcare, safety equipment, and professional services. Mozambique imports the vast majority of these requirements — most from South Africa and further afield. Entrepreneurs who establish local supply of any of these categories are directly reducing Mozambique's import bill while serving a guaranteed, long-duration customer.

Mozambique attracted USD 5.6 billion in FDI in 2025 — a 60.2% increase, the third-highest level on record. The Rovuma LNG basin could generate USD 10–15 billion annually at full production — transformative for a USD 22.75 billion economy. The country's GDP per capita growth jumped from 2% in 2023 to 5.5% in 2024 — the LNG investment cycle is already lifting the broader economy. (Bank of Mozambique / Discovery Alert analysis 2026)

Maputo is where the spill-over effects of LNG investment have been most visible. The banking, transport, logistics, and housing sectors in the capital have all benefited from the boom. For entrepreneurs targeting Mozambique's domestic market, Maputo is the entry point — and it is growing economically faster than at any point since independence.

Market Demand by Sector: Where Mozambique's Growth Opportunities Are Real

Agriculture & Agro-Processing

Agriculture accounts for 25.2% of Mozambique's GDP and employs the majority of the population. The country has 36 million hectares of arable land, of which less than 5% is irrigated. Mozambique is a significant producer of cashews (one of the world's largest), sesame, tobacco, cotton, and tropical fruits. Post-harvest losses are severe — 30–40% for many crops — due to inadequate processing, storage, and cold chain infrastructure. Agro-processing — cashew processing plants, sesame cleaning and packaging, tropical fruit preservation — represents Mozambique's most accessible manufacturing entry point.

Construction & Building Materials

Mozambique's construction sector is in a sustained boom. The LNG megaprojects themselves require enormous volumes of concrete, steel, prefabricated buildings, and industrial equipment. Beyond the megaprojects, urbanisation is driving housing construction; the government's infrastructure investment in roads, bridges, and port expansion is generating sustained public construction demand. Beira, Pemba, and Nacala are all seeing significant construction activity. Cement, bricks, tiles, and construction aggregates are all import-dependent — presenting direct substitution opportunities for local manufacturers.

Fisheries & Seafood Processing

Mozambique has a 2,700 km Indian Ocean coastline with some of the world's most productive fishing grounds. The country is a major producer of prawns, shrimp, tuna, and reef fish. Yet most of the seafood is exported raw or semi-processed — with the value-adding processing, packaging, and branding done elsewhere. Seafood processing plants, cold chain logistics, and export packaging facilities represent a directly addressable, capital-efficient entry point into Mozambique's export economy.

Energy Services (Solar & Off-Grid)

Mozambique generates approximately 95% of its electricity from hydropower — primarily from the Cahora Bassa dam. But rural electrification rates are extremely low: the majority of Mozambicans lack access to the grid. Solar off-grid systems — household solar kits, solar irrigation pumps, and mini-grids — are a rapidly growing business category. The government has committed to tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, and multiple development finance institution (DFI) programmes are available to back energy access investments.

Logistics & Transport

Mozambique has three major deep-sea ports — Maputo, Beira, and Nacala — that serve as transit hubs for landlocked countries (Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, and parts of the DRC). The Nacala Corridor railway line connects northern Mozambique to landlocked Malawi and eastern Zambia. Logistics businesses — freight forwarding, customs brokerage, warehousing, and transport — that can operate in the Nacala and Beira corridor environments have a structurally advantaged position serving both domestic and transit trade.

Tourism

Mozambique's Bazaruto Archipelago, Quirimbas Archipelago, Pemba Bay, and southern coast beaches are among Africa's most pristine coastal destinations — yet remain relatively undiscovered by mass tourism. The country attracts high-value, low-volume eco-tourism and adventure tourism from South Africa, Europe, and Australia. Boutique lodges, dive operations, and sport fishing charters represent the primary tourism investment categories accessible to SME entrepreneurs.

Mozambique's Investment Policy Framework: Laws, Incentives, and Key Agencies

Investment Law (Law No. 3/93 as Amended) and Investment Regulation

Mozambique's core investment framework provides: guarantees against expropriation without fair compensation, full repatriation of profits and capital after tax, and access to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Investment projects qualifying as 'authorised investments' receive additional guarantees including tax stability clauses and foreign exchange liberalisation.

APIEX (Mozambique Investment and Exports Promotion Agency)

APIEX is the primary government agency for investment promotion and export development. It processes investment project applications, provides investor facilitation services, and maintains the authorised investment registry. APIEX also coordinates the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and Industrial Free Zones (IFZ) system.

Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and Industrial Free Zones (IFZ)

Mozambique has two operational SEZs — Nacala and Beluluane (near Maputo) — and multiple IFZs across the country. SEZ benefits include: import duty exemptions on capital goods and raw materials, VAT exemptions, reduced income tax rates (3% of turnover for the first five years in SEZs), and accelerated depreciation. The Beluluane Industrial Park near Maputo hosts Mozal (aluminium smelter), Gigawatt Mozambique (energy), and other investors.

Rapid Implementation Mechanism (MIR)

For large investment projects (typically USD 5M+), Mozambique's Rapid Implementation Mechanism (Mecanismo de Implantação Rápida) provides a single-window approval process, cutting typical permitting timelines from years to months for qualifying investments.

SADC Free Trade Area

Mozambique is a member of the SADC Free Trade Area and benefits from preferential tariff access to the 16-nation SADC market (population 360 million+). Manufactured goods from Mozambique can access South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, and other SADC markets under reduced tariff schedules. The AfCFTA framework additionally provides a pathway to the continental market as implementation progresses.

Local Content Policy and LNG Supply Chain

The government's Institute for Investment Promotion (IPEME, which merged into APIEX) and the upstream oil and gas regulator INP have established local content requirements for the LNG megaprojects. Mozambican companies — or joint ventures with majority Mozambican ownership — receive preference in contractor and sub-contractor selection. This creates a direct mechanism for Mozambican entrepreneurs to access LNG supply chain revenues.

Mozambique's Economic Outlook and Growth Drivers Through 2030

Mozambique's near-term growth is dominated by the LNG investment cycle. The government forecasts record FDI of USD 5.88 billion in 2026, with both TotalEnergies' Afungi complex and ExxonMobil's Rovuma LNG project progressing toward full production capacity. When both are fully operational, annual LNG export revenues could plausibly exceed USD 10–15 billion — transformational for an economy currently at USD 22.75 billion in GDP.

Beyond LNG, the government's structural transformation agenda focuses on: agro-processing (value addition to cashews, sesame, tropical fruits), downstream processing of mineral resources (aluminium via Mozal, coal processing), and building materials manufacturing to serve the construction boom. None of these agendas have yet gained significant private sector traction — which means the opportunity space remains open and underserved.

The post-election violence of late 2024 created economic disruption, with some revisions to growth forecasts downward. However, the structural drivers — LNG revenues, population growth (2.9% annually), SADC integration, and improving port infrastructure — remain intact. Mozambique's economic trajectory is LNG-dependent in the near term and agriculture-plus-manufacturing-dependent in the long term.

Mozambique: Key Economic Indicators — Historical Data and Projections to 2035

Note: Mozambique's fiscal year is the calendar year. Figures marked * are projections or industry estimates. LNG revenues are highly sensitive to global gas prices and project execution timelines.

Year	GDP Growth (%)	FDI (USD bn)	LNG Status	Key Development
2020	−1.2%	~2.0	Delaye by COVID / insurgency	Andarko/TotalEnergies project on hold
2021	2.3%	~2.8	Investment continues	Terrorism in Cabo Delgado displaces population
2022	3.8%	~2.9	Site access improving	SADC military intervention; Rwandan troops deployed
2023	5.0%*	~2.9	FEED progressing	IMF programme; economic recovery resumes
2024	~3.9% (revised)	$3.5	Active FDI inflow	Post-election violence dampens short-term growth
2025	~4.7%*	$5.6	LNG construction active	Record FDI; Q1 2025 doubled Q1 2024 performance
2027 (assumption)	~7%*	~$5.5*	First LNG cargoes*	TotalEnergies LNG plant completion (projected)
2030 (assumption)	~8%*	~$6*	Ramp-up production	USD 10bn+ annual LNG revenues possible
2035 (assumption)	~6%*	~$5*	Full LNG production	GDP potentially doubled; processing sector emerging

Sources: Bank of Mozambique FDI Reports (2024/2025), Oxford Economics Mozambique Forecast (December 2024), BTI 2026 Mozambique Country Report, SADC Investment Portal. Figures marked * are industry estimates based on CAGR assumptions and LNG project timelines, which are uncertain.

Mozambique's Potential by 2035: The LNG Dividend and Structural Transformation

If both LNG megaprojects reach full production by 2030 — the current projection — Mozambique could become one of the world's top 10 LNG exporters within a decade. Annual export revenues of USD 10–15 billion would represent a GDP transformation unprecedented in Southern Africa's recent economic history. The Botswana diamond model — where resource revenues funded public services and infrastructure investment — is the reference case the Mozambican government cites.

The structural challenge is that LNG revenues alone do not create jobs at scale. Mozambique's 34.63 million people growing at 2.9% annually will require diversified economic opportunities far beyond what an enclave LNG industry can supply. The government's 2030 agenda for downstream processing — aluminium (Mozal expansion), fertiliser (using gas inputs), petrochemicals, and building materials — is the policy response. For entrepreneurs, this downstream processing gap is the most commercially accessible entry point.

By 2035, Mozambique's population will exceed 45 million. The domestic consumer market will be meaningfully larger. Port infrastructure at Nacala, Beira, and Pemba will have been upgraded to handle LNG export logistics, creating spill-over capacity for manufacturing exports. The SADC Free Trade Area and AfCFTA framework will provide the trade infrastructure for Mozambican manufacturers to access regional markets.

Mozambique's cashew processing opportunity is one of Africa's most straightforward import-substitution cases: the country is a top global cashew producer but processes less than 15% domestically. The rest is exported raw and processed elsewhere. A cashew processing plant positioned to capture even 5% more domestic processing is a significant business. Mozambique's agriculture sector employs the majority of the population yet most crops leave as raw commodities. Agro-processing is the single highest-impact, lowest-risk industrial investment category. (BTI 2026 Mozambique / Key Economic Sectors Mozambique 2025)

Mozambique's Trade Position: Import Dependence and Export Concentration

Mozambique's trade profile is that of a commodity-heavy, import-dependent economy. Exports are dominated by: natural gas (growing), coal (Tete province), aluminium (Mozal smelter at Beluluane), and primary agricultural commodities (cashews, sesame, tobacco, citrus). Imports are dominated by: machinery for megaprojects, food and processed goods, petroleum products, and manufactured consumer goods.

South Africa is Mozambique's dominant trade partner — its top import source and a key export market. This Southern African axis is the natural trade corridor for any Mozambican manufacturer: proximity to South Africa's consumer market of 60 million (the continent's most affluent) is a structural advantage for Mozambican exporters of processed goods.

The opportunity to shift Mozambique's trade balance toward higher-value exports is genuine but requires deliberate investment. Every cashew kernel processed domestically versus exported raw is an example of value capture that currently flows to processors in Vietnam, India, and Brazil. The same logic applies to sesame (going to Asia for cleaning and repackaging), fish (going to EU for value-added processing), and timber (going to China for furniture manufacturing).

Major Companies and Manufacturers Operating in Mozambique

Company	Sector	Scale / Specialization
TotalEnergies (Mozambique LNG)	LNG / Energy	Major LNG project in Cabo Delgado; Afungi complex; USD billions in capex
ExxonMobil / ENH (Rovuma LNG)	LNG / Energy	Second major Rovuma basin LNG project; ENH state equity partner
Mozal (South32 / Mitsubishi)	Aluminium Smelting	Beluluane SEZ; one of Africa's largest aluminium producers; major exporter
Sasol Temane	Natural Gas / Energy	Gas processing and electricity generation in Inhambane; pipeline to South Africa
Cervejas de Moçambique (Heineken)	Food & Beverage	Market-leading beer manufacturer; Maputo and Beira; domestic consumer market
Standard Bank Mozambique	Banking / Finance	Largest private bank; significant LNG project financing involvement
Movitel (Viettel Group)	Telecommunications	Vietnam-owned telecom; nationwide mobile coverage expansion; fastest-growing operator
Mota-Engil Mozambique	Construction	Leading construction contractor for infrastructure and megaproject support

Four Practical Investment Opportunities in Mozambique That Do Not Require LNG Capital

1. Agro-processing — especially cashew kernels. Mozambique is among the world's top cashew producers, but processes less than 15% domestically. The balance is shipped raw to Vietnam and India. A cashew shelling, grading, and packaging plant — whether small-scale artisanal or medium-scale industrial — directly captures value that currently flows overseas. Capital requirements are modest: USD 50,000–$500,000 for a well-equipped processing facility. Government incentives for agro-processing are available through APIEX.

2. Building materials manufacturing to serve the construction boom. Mozambique's construction sector is in a multi-year boom driven by LNG support infrastructure, public housing programmes, and urban expansion. Cement, bricks, tiles, and pre-fabricated structures are all heavily imported — primarily from South Africa. A domestic building materials manufacturer, particularly one located near Maputo, Beira, or Nacala, can supply this market at competitive prices while eliminating the logistics premium of South African imports.

3. Cold chain and seafood processing in the coastal corridor. The 2,700 km coastline produces prawns, shrimp, tuna, and reef fish at commercial scale. A processing facility combining freezing, packaging, and EU-certified export compliance can access European seafood buyers at premium prices. The Agadir sardine model in Morocco is the reference case — but Mozambique's seafood diversity (prawns, specifically) is more valuable per kilo.

4. Logistics and freight forwarding in the Nacala Corridor. The Nacala Corridor — comprising the port of Nacala and the railway line connecting it to Malawi and eastern Zambia — is one of Southern Africa's most important trade corridors. Logistics companies that can provide customs brokerage, freight forwarding, warehousing, and container management services in this corridor serve a captive market of three landlocked countries with growing import and export volumes.

Mozambique's primary investor risks are political instability (post-election violence in late 2024 is an example), security concerns in Cabo Delgado province (near the LNG megaprojects), currency volatility, and infrastructure gaps outside major urban centres. Investors should concentrate initial operations in Maputo, Beira, or Nacala — the three cities with the most functional infrastructure — and build outward gradually as the business stabilises.

Indicative Investment Ranges for Key Sectors in Mozambique

Figures in USD. MZN costs fluctuate with exchange rate. These are industry estimates — actual costs depend on location, sector, and scale.

Sector / Business Type	Small Scale (USD)	Medium Scale (USD)	Key Variables
Cashew Processing (shelling, grading, packaging)	$30,000–$150,000	$500,000–$3M	Machine shelling equipment, female labour, EU food safety cert
Seafood Processing (prawns, fish, shrimp)	$80,000–$300,000	$1M–$5M	Blast freezing, cold chain, EU export certification (IUU compliance)
Building Materials (cement block, bricks, tiles)	$15,000–$60,000	$150,000–$700,000	Raw material access, proximity to construction sites, power supply
Agro-Processing (sesame, edible oil, coconut)	$25,000–$100,000	$200,000–$1.5M	Cleaning and grading equipment, packaging, export certification
Solar Off-Grid Systems (installation / maintenance)	$5,000–$30,000	$100,000–$1M	Import of panels and batteries, rural distribution network, after-sales
Logistics & Freight Forwarding (Nacala/Beira)	$10,000–$50,000	$150,000–$800,000	APIEX licence, customs broker certification, warehouse facilities
Hospitality / Eco-Tourism (coastal)	$50,000–$250,000	$500,000–$5M	Land tenure, boat access, dive equipment, European market marketing
Food & Beverage Manufacturing	$20,000–$80,000	$200,000–$1.5M	INAE (food standards) compliance, domestic distribution, power access

Frequently Asked Questions: Starting a Business in Mozambique

What is driving Mozambique's FDI surge and how does it affect SME investors?

Mozambique's USD 5.6 billion FDI in 2025 is 91.5% driven by LNG and extractive megaprojects — not accessible to SME investors directly. However, LNG construction creates demand for local goods and services that SMEs can supply: catering, construction materials, logistics, accommodation, and professional services. The Mozambican government's local content requirements give Mozambican-owned or majority-Mozambican joint ventures preferential access to this supply chain spending.

What are the most viable manufacturing business ideas in Mozambique for 2025?

Cashew processing (the country produces large volumes but exports most raw), building materials (cement block, bricks, tiles for the construction boom), seafood processing (prawns and fish for European export markets), and agro-processing (sesame, edible oils, coconut products) are the four most commercially viable manufacturing entry points. All can be started at small scale and expanded as the business proves itself.

How do I register a business in Mozambique?

Business registration in Mozambique involves: commercial registration with the Conservatória do Registro das Entidades Legais, tax registration with the Autoridade Tributária de Moçambique (ATM), and NUIT (tax identification number) issuance. For qualifying investment projects, APIEX provides one-stop facilitation that can consolidate approvals. The process takes 2–6 weeks for basic registration; authorised investment designation requires additional time.

What incentives are available for manufacturing investors in Mozambique?

Key incentives for manufacturing: import duty exemptions on capital goods and raw materials for authorised investments; reduced income tax (3% of turnover in SEZs for first five years); VAT exemptions in special economic zones; accelerated depreciation for qualifying investments; and agro-processing incentives including extended tax holidays for food processing investments. IFZ (Industrial Free Zone) status provides the most comprehensive package for export-oriented manufacturers.

What is the Nacala Corridor and why is it important for logistics businesses?

The Nacala Corridor is a 912 km railway line connecting Nacala port on Mozambique's northern coast to landlocked Malawi, with connections to eastern Zambia. It is one of Southern Africa's most strategically important trade corridors, providing the most efficient route to the sea for landlocked markets that cannot access the congested Durban or Dar es Salaam ports. Logistics businesses positioned in Nacala serve a captive regional market.

Is Mozambique's security situation safe for business investment?

Mozambique's security environment varies significantly by region. Maputo and the southern provinces are generally safe for business operations. The central provinces (Beira, Nampula) are stable. Cabo Delgado province in the north — site of the LNG megaprojects — experienced terrorist insurgency from 2017 that is now substantially controlled with SADC military assistance, but remains a higher-risk operating environment. Investors should operate in the safer southern and central regions initially.

How does Mozambique's agriculture sector create investment opportunities?

Mozambique has 36 million hectares of arable land with less than 5% irrigated. The country is a major producer of cashews, sesame, cotton, tobacco, and tropical fruits. The opportunity lies in processing: most of these crops leave the country raw or semi-processed. Value addition — cashew kernel processing, sesame cleaning and packaging, tropical fruit preservation, and edible oil extraction — creates businesses with predictable raw material supply and export market demand simultaneously.

What is Mozambique's seafood export potential?

Mozambique's 2,700 km Indian Ocean coastline and exclusive economic zone of 572,000 sq km make it one of Africa's richest fishing nations. The prawn industry is established — companies like Pescamar and Pescom have operated for decades. New entrants can supply European and Asian seafood buyers through processing plants that meet EU IUU (Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated) fishing compliance standards. The artisanal fishing sector is also large and underserved in terms of processing infrastructure.

How does Mozambique's membership in SADC affect business investment?

SADC membership gives Mozambique preferential access to a 16-country regional market of 360 million people. The SADC Free Trade Area reduces or eliminates tariffs on most manufactured goods traded between members. For Mozambican manufacturers, the primary regional market is South Africa — the continent's most industrialised economy — and the landlocked markets (Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi) that transit through Mozambique's ports. SADC also provides a framework for cross-border investment protection.

What are the main risks investors should plan for in Mozambique?

Political risk (post-election tensions in 2024 demonstrated this remains real), security risk in northern Cabo Delgado province, currency volatility (MZN has weakened significantly over the past decade), infrastructure gaps (power reliability outside major cities, road network quality in rural areas), and over-dependence on megaproject-linked demand that could slow if LNG timelines extend. Mitigation strategies: start in Maputo or Beira, structure revenues in USD where possible, and build local partnerships early.

What is the cashew processing opportunity in Mozambique?

Mozambique is one of the world's top five cashew producers by volume, growing 100,000–150,000 tonnes annually (industry estimate). Less than 15% is processed domestically — the rest is exported as raw cashew nuts (RCN) to Vietnam, India, and Brazil for processing and sale. A cashew shelling and processing facility that captures even 10,000 tonnes additional processing could generate USD 2–4 million in additional annual export revenues (industry estimate based on processed vs raw price differentials). APIEX provides facilitation and tax incentives for agro-processing investments.

The Bottom Line

Mozambique is a country where the headlines are about LNG billions but the real entrepreneurial opportunity is in the sectors that LNG investment is funding and cannot directly serve. The construction boom, the logistics demand, the food services requirements, and the agricultural raw material base are all real — and all underserved.

The risks are also real. Political instability in 2024 demonstrated that Mozambique's governance remains fragile in ways that can disrupt business operations. Security constraints in Cabo Delgado require careful geographic risk management. Infrastructure gaps outside Maputo, Beira, and Nacala are significant. Investors who go in with open eyes, realistic timelines, and local partnerships navigate these challenges successfully. Those expecting East Asian-style infrastructure and predictability will be disappointed.

Mozambique's opportunity is not for every entrepreneur. But for those who can work in frontier environments and build supply chains that the LNG economy needs, the returns on early-mover positions are exceptional and the competition is still minimal.

References

1.  Bank of Mozambique — FDI Reports 2024/2025: Total FDI inflows (USD 3.5 billion in 2024, USD 5.6 billion in 2025), sector distribution (extractive industry 91.5%, manufacturing 2.1%), quarterly performance data.

2.  BTI Transformation Index 2026 — Mozambique Country Report: Economic structure, FDI composition, LNG project status, governance assessment, and structural economic challenges.

3.  Mozambique Expert / Mozambique Macro Economic Indicators 2025: GDP projection (USD 23.77 billion), FDI forecast, current account analysis, LNG revenue projections, and quarterly FDI Q1 2025 data.

4.  GTAIC (Global Trade and Investment Centre) — 'Mozambique's Trade Boom Still Runs on Gas, Coal, Capital Inflows' (April 2026): Export composition, trade partner analysis, GDP sector breakdown (agriculture 25.2%, industry 21.9%), and structural trade observations.

5.  SADC Investment Portal — Mozambique Profile: SEZ framework, SADC trade advantages, FDI trajectory 2021–2024, and GDP growth historical data.

6.  Key Economic Sectors & Drivers — Mozambique 2025 (Mozambique Expert): Extractive sector FDI concentration (83.9% in 2024), manufacturing weakness analysis, downstream diversification opportunities (agro-processing, wood, textiles), and Dutch Disease risk assessment.