Jatropha proves to be a promising Biofuel plantation and could emerge as a major alternative to diesel thus reducing our dependence on oil imports and saving the precious Foreign Exchange besides providing the much needed energy security. Jatropha oil displacing conventional fossil fuel makes the related project fully eligible. The Jatropha plantation primarily focuses cultivated green biodiesel as an alternate source of fuels that can propel engines, generators and transportation as well as power generation in the future and replace existing sources. The main factor that makes the major difference is the cost of the bio fuel that it can be made cheaper than the petro diesel and on a long term basis without affecting the operational economics. Ashwagandha (also called as, Indian Ginseng), Stevia a natural non caloric sweetener, Brahmi (brain tonic) and Jatamansi are the important herbs which have very good medicinal values. Ashwagandha increases the count of white blood cells and prepares the body to produce antigens against various infections and allergies. It is also considered as a tonic for the heart and lungs as its regular intake controls the blood pressure and regulates the heartbeat. It has a strong nourishing and protective effect on the nervous system. Ashwagandha has been used as a sedative, a diuretic, a rejuvenating tonic, an anti inflammatory agent, aphrodisiac and an immune booster. It is especially beneficial in stress related disorders such as arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, general debility, etc. It has also shown impressive results when used as stimulants for the immune system. It is considered as an adaptogen that stimulates the immune system and improves the memory. Stevia also known as the sweet leaf which is an all natural sweetener, derived from a plant called stevia rebaudiana. It has no calories, no carbohydrates, and it has a glycemic index of zero, which makes it the sweetener of choice for many diabetics all over the world. The herbs are carefully nurtured and harvested at only certain times of the year. Stevia comes in many forms; stevia supreme, stevita ultimate stevia, stevita liquid stevia, fruit flavoured stevia and many more. Brahmi is used as a herbal brain tonic, to rejuvenate the body, as a promoter of memory and as a nerve tonic. It improves memory and helps overcome the negative effects of stress. It is unique in its ability to invigorate mental processes whilst reducing the effects of stress and nervous anxiety. Brahmi induces a sense of calm and peace. Brahmi has gain worldwide fame as a memory booster and mind alertness promoter. Jatamansi has the power to promote awareness and calm the mind. It is a very useful herb for palpitation, tension, headaches, restlessness and is used for promoting awareness and strengthening the mind. It aids in balancing the body of all three Ayurvedic doshas. This herbs sedative properties increase awareness, as opposed to valerian that dulls the mind. Aromatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, tonic, carminative, deobstruent, digestive stimulant, reproductive some of the properties of Jatamansi herb.
This book is describes about the medical properties, important uses and applications, cultivation, chemical constituents, harvesting and post harvesting, yield and other properties of herbs like safed mulsi, brahmi, jatamansi, ashwagandha, senna, shatavari and more. This book also deals with biodiesel, biofuel and petro crops : an alternative to conventional fuels, the potential of jatropha curcas in rural development and environment protection, prospects of expanding market for use of jatropha oil, jatropha: potential as insecticide/pesticide etc.
The present system of medicine is gradually gaining popularity mainly because of less or no toxic or side effects of herbal drugs. So, these herbs have very good future prospects globally. This book contains cultivation, processing and uses of Jatropha, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Stevia rebaudiana, Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatmansi DC.). This book will prove to be an invaluable resource for researchers, technocrats, agriculturist, agriculture universities etc.
1. BIO DIESEL - JATROPHA CURCAS
Business Opportunities
2. BIODIESEL, BIOFUEL AND PETRO CROPS : AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL FUELS
Introduction
Background
R&D Program and Major Achievements
Development of Biodiesel Crops like Jatropha Curcas
Evaluation of Petro Crops: Euphorbs
Evaluation and Improvement of Guayule (Parthenium Argentatum)
3. LIST OF IMPORTANT GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE INSTITUTE/SCIENTIST ENGAGED IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF JATROPHA
4. TREE DESCRIPTION
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Seeds
Roots
5. THE POTENTIAL OF JATROPHA CURCAS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Introduction
Objectives of the Workshop
Production of Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas as an Energy Source
Other products of Jatropha curcas
Costs and Returns
Expected Output
6. JATROPHA : THE WONDER OIL BEARING TREE!
Introduction
Botanical Features
Ecological Requirement
Interesting History and Future of the Plant
Uses of Jatropha curcas
Jatropha : As ornamental Plant
Jatropha: As a fence
Jatropha curcas: As a potential oil crop
Jatropha oil: As raw material for industrial use
Jatropha: Potential as medicinal plant
Jatropha bark: As raw material for dye
Jatropha- For enrichment of soil
Jatropha: As potential feed stoke
Jatropha: Potential as insecticide/pesticide
Jatropha: As non conventional energy crop
Jatropha: As profitable agro forestry crop
Cultivation
Soils
Climates requirements
Spacing and seeds rate
Propagation
Inter-Cultivation
Irrigation
Expected Yield
Prospects of expanding market for use of Jatropha oil
Jatropha oil as an alternative to diesel
Diesel engine test for Jatropha oil
Jatropha oil; as alternative to kerosene as fuel
7. BIO DIESEL
What is Bio Diesel?
This fuel is called Bio-Diesel
The Advantages of Bio Diesel
The Process
The Technology
The Cost
International Laws and regulation
Biodiesel Scenario In India
Bio Diesel Experiments
Conclusion
8. GUJARAT OLEO CHEM TO EXPAND BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Up to promote Jatropha seed oil farming
9. JATROPHA: THE BIO-FUEL PLANT
Introduction
Uses
Leaves, Bark & Roots
Seeds & Oil
Folk Remedies
Bio-Fuel
General Cultivation
Origin and Distribution
Cultivation
Description of the plant
Description of the species
Varieties
Seed rate and spacing
Field preparation and Planting
Inter-cultivations
Plant Protection
Jatropha Oil
Harvesting and yield
Post harvest processing
Project Profile
10. TRANS-ESTRIFICATION BIODIESEL PROCESS
Ingredients
Manufacturing Process
Process in Detail
Quantity of methanol to be used
Glycerine
11. CENTRE FOR JATROPHA PROMOTION: GROWING DIESEL FUEL PLANT:
CULTIVATION FOR BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
Breaking the cycle of poverty
Can diesel be “cultivated�
12. BIODIESEL IN INDIA
Field Trials of Biodiesel
Economics of Jatropha Biodiesel
Target of biodiesel production
Raw Material ( Jatropha curcas seed and oil)
Biodiesel Work in India
Work-Done In India
Indian Railways
13. OIL EXTRACTION - OIL EXPELLERS FOR JATROPHA SEEDS
14. BIODIESEL PROJECT 10 KI PER DAY
Introduction
Product Description and Uses
How is Biodiesel made?
Biodiesel Benefits
Description
Applications
Standards
Transport information
Personal protection
Consumer Safety
Alternative Fuels Incentives and Laws
Market Survey and Demand Supply Position
Raw Materials and Suppliers
Manufacturing Process Description
Project Implementation Schedule
Power Requirement
Utilities Specifications
Market and Selling Arrangements
Salient Features and Project Highlights
Basis and Presumptions
Manpower and Organization
15. PLANT OF 1000 LITERS PER DAY
Background
Description
Brief Process Description
Plant of 1000 liters per hour. (24 Kilo Liters per day)
Commercial Conditions
Oil Expeller Manufacturers
16. EQUIPMENT FOR DECENTRALISED COLD PRESSING OF OIL SEEDS
Introduction
General advice for a complete oil mill
Influences on product quality in decentralised oil mills
Pre-treatment of the seed
Parameters of the press
Examples of a complete oil mill
Oil seed expeller
Equipment for pre-treatment of the seed
Overview manufactures of cold pressing oil expeller
Oil expeller manufactures
Purification of plant-oil
Filter equipment manufactures
Standardisation of cold pressed Rape Seed Oil
Fuel for Plant Oil Adapted Diesel Engines
17. Stevia
Shelf Life
Botanical Trait and Constituent
History
Application and Benefits
Growing Stevia in Home Garden
Process for Extraction and Grades
Sweetvia Produced by Stevia Co.inc., USA
Liquid Concentrates
Grades Internationally Available
Safety
Regulations
FDA, USA Investigation on Stevia
Important Players
Global Scenario
Economics
Recommendation
Artificial Sweeteners Scenario
Acesulfame K
Aspartame
Sucralose
Xylito
18. ASHWAGANDHA
Introduction
Folklore Uses of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ashwagandha in Vedas
Cultivation
Agronomical perspectives
Genetics and Crop Improvement
Physiological Manipulations
Cell and Tissue Culturing
Genetic engineering
Chemical Constituents of Ashwagandha (W. somnifera)
Pharmacognosy
Root
Leaf
Stem
Floral Parts
Histology of Floral Parts
Corolla
Androecium
Gynoecium
Fruit
Seed
Embryology
Seedling anatomy
Concluding Remarks
International Occurrence
Concluding Remarks
19. BRAHMI
Regional Names
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation & Propagation
Soil and Climate
Land Preparation
Transplanting
Manure/Fertilizer
Irrigation
Weeding
Harvesting/Post-harvesting
Chemical Constituents
Major Constituents
Other Constituents
Active Constituents
Analytical Profile
Bacoside A Solution
Calibration Curve
Test Solution
Procedure
Yield
Substitute/Adulterants
Home Remedy
Dose
Important Formulation
20. JATAMANSI
Regional Names
Distribution
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation
Soil and Climate
Nursery raising and Planting
Manure/Fertilizer
Irrigation and Weed Control
Harvesting/Post-harvesting
Chemical Constituents
Major Constituents
Other Constituents
Active Constituents
Analytical Profile
Substitute/Adulterants
Home Remedy
Dose
Important Formulation
21. SAFED MUSLI
Regional Names
Distribution
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation & Propagation
Soil and Climate
Nursery Raising and Planting
Manure/Fertilizer
Irrigation
Weeding
Harvesting/Post-harvesting
Chemical Constituents
Yield
22. SARPAGANDHA
Regional Names
Distribution
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation & Propagation
Soil and Climate
Nursery Raising & Planting
Manure/Fertilizer
Irrigation
Weeding
Harvesting/Post-harvesting
Chemical Constituents
Major Constituents
Other Constituents
Active Constituents
Yield
Home Remedy
Dose
23. SENNA
Regional Names
Distribution
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation & Propagation
Soil and Climate
Land Preparation
Nursery Raising and Planting
Thinning and Weeding
Manure/Fertilizer
Irrigation
Harvesting/Post Harvesting Operation
Chemical Constituents
Major Constituents
Other Constituents
Active Constituents
Yield
24. SHATAVARI
Regional Names
Distribution
Medicinal Properties & Uses
Cultivation & Propagation
Soil and Climate
Land Preparation
Nursery Raising and Planting
Weeding
Irrigation
Manure/Fertilizer
Harvesting/Post Harvesting
Chemical Constituents
Major Constituents
Other Constituents
Active Constituents
Analytical Profile
Solvent System
TLC Plates
Derivatization
Scanning
Standard Solution
Sample Preparation
Calibration Curve
Estimation of Shatavarin IV in the drug
Yield
Substitutes/Adulterants
Home Remedy
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