Manufacturing of Sodium Borohydride
Lucrative Business Opportunities Production of Sodium Borohydride (sodium tetrahydridoborate) Using Trimethyl Borate. Business Ideas in Chemical Industry
Sodium borohydride is a white to grayish crystalline powder. It is decomposed by water to form sodium hydroxide, a corrosive material, and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen. The material itself is easily ignited and burns vigorously once ignited. It is used to make other chemicals, treat waste water, and for many other uses. Sodium borohydride is an inorganic sodium salt and a metal tetrahydridroborate.
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is the most commonly available borohydride, synthesized by reacting methyl borate with sodium hydride in mineral oil. It is employed as a precursor for producing other metal borohydride. Various approaches for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of sodium borohydride have been explained the potential of NaBH4 to store as well as generate hydrogen for fuel cells has been investigated.
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Preparation
Sodium borohydride is prepared by reacting sodium hydride with trimethyl borate at about 250°C: 4 NaH + B (OCH3)3 → NaBH3 + 3NaOCH3
Also, sodium borohydride can be made by passing diborane, B2H6, through a solution of sodium methylate, NaOCH3, in methanol: 2B2H6 + 3NaOCH3→ 3NaBH3 + B (OCH3)3
Alternatively, diborane may be be passed through a solution of sodium tetramethoxyborohydride at low temperatures: 3 NaB (OCH3)3 + 2B2H6 → 3NaBH3 + 4B (OCH3)3.
Uses
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a versatile reducing agent used in a number of industrial processes. Major applications include organic and pharmaceutical synthesis, wastewater treatment, and paper pulp bleaching. Sodium borohydride plays such a significant role in organic synthesis. It is a good reducing agent which has stable performance and selective reduction. It can be used as the reducing agents of aldehydes, ketones and acid chlorides; also as foaming agent for plastic materials, hydrogenating agent of making dihydrostreptomycin, intermediate of making potassium borohydride, raw materials in synthesizing borane, as well as the treatment agent of paper industry and mercury-containing waste water.
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Sodium borohydride provides organic chemists a very convenient and mild means for reduction of aldehydes and ketones. Before this, people usually use metal/alcohol approach to reduce carbonyl compound. Sodium borohydride enables the reduction of carbonyl of aldehydes and ketones under very mild conditions to produce primary alcohols and secondary alcohols. Reduction procedure is as below: First dissolve the substrate in a solvent (typically methanol or ethanol), then cool with an ice bath. Finally add sodium borohydride powder to the mixture until the reaction is completed. The reaction process can be monitored by thin layer chromatography. If the solvent is not an alcohol, we need to additionally supply methanol or ethanol along with the reaction. Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent with medium strength, and thus exhibiting good chemical selectivity. It only reduces active aldehyde and ketone carbonyl group, and does not react with the ester, amide.
Production Methods
Sodium borohydride boric acid ester method: Pour boric acid and appropriate amount of methanol to distillation kettle, slowly heated at 54 °C for total reflux 2h. Then collect the azeotropic liquid of methyl borate and methanol solution. After treatment of azeotropic liquid by sulfuric acid, using fine distillation can yield relative pure product. Feed sodium hydrogen obtained with reaction between hydrogen gas and sodium into the condensation reaction tank. Heat with stirring to about 220 °C and then begin to add boric acid ester. Stop heating once the temperature reaches 260 °C; Keep the feed temperature below 280 °C, continue the stirring after the addition of boric acid ester to ensure the thorough reaction. After the completion of reaction, cool the temperature below 100 °C, centrifuge to obtain a condensation product pellet. Add an appropriate amount of water to the hydrolysis reactor and slowly transfer the filter pellet into the hydrolysis reactor, keep the temperature lower than 50 °C, heat to 80 °C after the complete of adding the filter pellet. Centrifuge and separate, transfer the hydrolysis solution to stratification vessel to keep still for 1h for automatic layering. The hydrolysis solution in the lower layer corresponds to sodium borohydride. The reaction formula is as below:
H3BO3+3CH3OH→B (OCH3)3+3H2O
2Na+H2→2NaH
4NaH+B (OCH3)3→NaBH4+3CH3ONa
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Market Outlook
In the textile industry, Sodium Borohydride used in combination with sodium bisulfite, and it is used instead of replacement for Sodium Hydrosulfite in vat dyeing, indigo dyeing, color stripping, reductive clearing, machine cleaning and many other applications where a stable, environmentally desirable reducing agent is required. In organic chemical purification, Sodium Borohydride improve the color, odor and stability of organic chemicals. Sodium Borohydride works by reducing ketones, aldehydes, peroxides and metal impurities that can lead to color, odor and product instability.
The global Sodium Borohydride market is valued at 536.3 million USD in 2020 is expected to reach 881.9 million USD by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during 2021-2026.
Pulp & Paper is expected to be the major segment during the forecast period, however pharmaceuticals is anticipated to grow at highest CAGR compare to other end-use segments. Increase in research & development activities in pharmaceutical for inventing different medicinal drugs and usage of sodium borohydride as hydrogen carrier in fuel cell is estimated to offer major opportunities to the sodium borohydride market in the next few years. Sodium borohydride is an inorganic compound sold as a white crystalline powder or in an aqueous solution. This compound is widely used in laboratories and other technical applications. The function of sodium borohydride is to act as a polyvalent reducing agent.
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Sodium Borohydride Market Drivers:
The sodium borohydride market is increasing due to the growing demand of the pharmaceutical industry, which is an important raw material for the manufacture of various pharma products. The intensification of antibiotic research and development efforts is a reason to raise awareness in the health sector. These are the determining factors that will boost the demand for sodium borohydride in the coming years. In addition, the demand for innovative technologies such as hydrogen on demand has increased significantly, offering huge opportunities for the sodium borohydride market in the coming years. In addition, the expansion of the pulp and paper industry that requires high quality sodium borohydride has helped increase market revenues.
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The product is also used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, which are used in various fields such as electron microscopy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, medical research etc. Gold nanoparticles industry is expected to grow by over 25% CAGR in the forecast period which will drive the sodium borohydride market.
Key Players
Examples of some of the key players identified across the value chain of the Global Sodium Borohydride market are: Zhangjiagang City Jinyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Huachang Group Co., Ltd, Shandong Guobang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, JSC Aviabor, Vertellus Holdings LLC, The Dow Chemical Company, Nantong Hongzhi Chemical Co., Ltd, Montgomery Chemicals, Kemira, Demosha Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Finar Ltd, Gulbrandsen Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Gulshan Chemicals Ltd,
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