Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical molecules that consist of rolled-up sheets of single-layer carbon atoms (graphene). They can be single-walled (SWCNT) with a diameter of less than 1 nanometer (nm) or multi-walled (MWCNT), consisting of several concentrically interlinked nanotubes, with diameters reaching more than 100 nm. Their length can reach several micrometers or even millimeters. Carbon nanotube enabled nanocomposites have received much attention as a highly attractive alternative to conventional composite materials due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, barrier and chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, increased tensile strength, improved heat deflection temperature, or flame retardancy.
These materials promise to offer increased wear resistance and breaking strength, antistatic properties as well as weight reduction. For instance, it has been estimated that advanced CNT composites could reduce the weight of aircraft and spacecraft by up to 30%.
Uses and Demand of Carbon Nanotubes
- Carbon nanotubes CNTs are well-suited for virtually any application requiring high strength, durability, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and lightweight properties compared to conventional materials. Currently, CNTs are mainly used as additives to synthetics. CNTs are commercially available as a powder, i.e. in a highly tangled-up and agglomerated form. For CNTs to unfold their particular properties they need to be untangled and spread evenly in the substrate.
- Another requirement is that CNTs need to be chemically bonded with the substrate, e.g. a plastic material. For that purpose, CNTs are functionalized, i.e. their surface is chemically adapted for optimal incorporation into different materials and for the specific application in question. Carbon nanotubes can also be spun into fibers, which not only promise interesting possibilities for specialty textiles but may also help realize a particularly utopian project – the space elevator.
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- Another amazing property of carbon nanotubes is also elasticity. Under high force and press sitting and when exposed to great axial compressive forces, it can bend, twist, kink, and finally buckle without damaging the nanotube, and the nanotube will return to its original structure, but an elasticity of nanotubes does have a limit, and under very physically powerful forces presses, it is possible to temporarily deform to shape of a nanotube. Some of the defects in the structure of the nanotube can weaken a nanotube’s strength, for example, defects in atomic vacancies or a rearrangement of the carbon bonds.
Market Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes
Global Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Market was valued at USD 1,659.8 Million in 2019 and is projected to register a CAGR of 20% to reach USD 6,026.4 Million by the end of 2027. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanoparticles with a size range of 1–150 nm. They are allotrope of carbon and come in a long, hollow, and cylindrical nanostructure of carbon molecules. CNTs exhibit many essential properties such as greater thermal conductivity (better than diamond), extraordinary electrical properties (similar to copper), good mechanical strength (one hundred times the tensile strength of steel), high elastic modulus, high aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio), and lightweight (one-sixth the weight of steel). These tubes are made of layer/layers of graphene which are rolled to form a seamless cylinder. On the basis of number of tubes present, the CNTs is classified as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
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Conclusion
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