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Investment Opportunities & Business Ideas in Ethiopia, East Africa - Identification and Selection of right Project, Thrust areas for Investment, Industry Startup and Entrepreneurship Projects

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Baby & Adult Diapers & Sanitary Pads - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study,Investment Opportunities,Plant Layout

A diaper or nappy is a kind of underwear that allows one to defecate or urinate in a discreet manner. When diapers become soiled, they require changing; this process is often performed by a second person such as a parent or caregiver. Diapers are primarily worn by children who are not yet potty trained or experience bedwetting. . However, they can also be used by adults with incontinence or in certain circumstances where access to a toilet is unavailable. These can include the elderly, those with a physical or mental disability, and people working in extreme conditions such as astronauts. It is not uncommon for people to wear diapers under dry suits. Ever since their introduction several decades ago, product innovations include the use of superabsorbent polymers, resealable tapes, and elasticised waist bands. They are now much thinner and much more absorbent. The product range has more recently been extended into children's toilet training phase with the introduction of training pants and pant diapers, which are now undergarments. Modern disposable baby diapers and incontinence products have a layered construction, which allows the transfer and distribution of urine to an absorbent core structure where it is locked in. Basic layers are an outer shell of breathable polyethylene film or a nonwoven and film composite which prevents wetness and soil transfer, an inner absorbent layer of a mixture of air-laid paper and superabsorbent polymers for wetness, and a layer nearest the skin of nonwoven material with a distribution layer directly beneath which transfers wetness to the absorbent layer. Other common features of disposable diapers include one or more pairs of either adhesive or velcro tapes to keep the diaper securely fastened. Some disposable diapers include fragrances, lotions or essential oils in order to help mask the scent of a soiled diaper or to protect the skin. Care of disposable diapers is minimal, and primarily consists of keeping them in a dry place before use, with proper disposal in a garbage receptacle upon soiling. Uses and Applications Diapers are primarily worn by children who are not yet potty trained or experience bedwetting. . However, they can also be used by adults with incontinence or in certain circumstances where access to a toilet is unavailable. Babies may have their diapers changed five or more times a day. Parents and other primary child care givers often carry spare diapers and necessities for diaper changing in a specialized diaper bag. Market Survey Today, the global market for absorbent hygiene products is over US $ 50 bn (including wipes). The evolution of hygiene products in Europe and the NorthAmerica has taken 4 to 5 generations. Feminine care was introduced over 100 years ago. Baby diapers were invented 60 years ago. Adult incontinence products appeared 30 years ago. a research report by RNCOS, “Indian Baby Care Market Analysis”, found that the market of disposable diapers is growing at snail pace compared to other segments of the baby care market. Diapers’ market reached an estimated INR 1.23 Billion in 2010, posting annual growth of around 12% from 2009. Although, there is a huge potential for diaper market in India as mostly the urban population is using it for their babies, the rural population still lags in it. Many established brands, such as P&G, Kimberly-Clark, and Nobel hygiene are continuously adopting steps to grab more and more market share in this huge untapped market. Further research reveals that the Indian baby care market has substantially grown over the past few years and caught the attention of many international players. India continues to enjoy a healthy birth rate compared to other economies, coupled with the increasing level of disposable income of the working class, which is expected to be sustained for a healthy growth momentum in future. The Indian disposable diaper market is currently pegged at nearly Indian Rupees (Rs) 700m ($17.4m, E12.6m) and 30,000 tonnes/year, and is estimated to grow between 5-10% annually. It comprises brands like Huggies (60% market share) and Pampers (30%) from multinationals Kimberly Clark and Procter & Gamble, respectively. Domestic consumer products major Godrej's Snuggy is the third-largest brand of diapers in the Indian market, with a 10% share. Analysts say it will take some time for the baby diaper market in India to pick up. According to Carlos Richer of Richer Diaper Consulting Services, India has about 45% more infants than China and almost six times more babies than the US. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Carewell Hygiene Products Ltd. Diapers India Ltd. Godrej Hygiene Products Ltd. Gufic Biosciences Ltd. Johnson & Johnson Ltd. Kimberly Clark Lever Pvt. Ltd. Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd. Regency Diaper Inds. Ltd. Softouch Hygiene Products (Mkt) Ltd. Tainwala Personal Care Products Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: Baby Diapers:45,000.0 Pckts/Day.,Adult Diapers:18,000.0 Pckts/Day., Sanitary Pads:63,000.0 Pckts/Day.Plant & machinery: Rs.855 Lakhs.
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project :Rs.2984 Lakhs.
Return: 32.00%Break even: 39.00%
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Sanitary Napkins - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Layout

Sanitary napkins have an important place in women's history and in the history of technology. 19th Century research into disposable sanitary napkins marked the humble beginnings of a new era of gynecological sanitary. Disposable sanitary napkins started to be available in the markets only around the year 1895. Its production is a form of porous item that has the capability of absorbing the flow. It comes under Nonwoven fabrics which are sub-categorized under technical textile. Technical textiles are the textile materials which are primarily used for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative characteristics. The 1st sanitary napkins were in the form of a cotton wool or similar stringy rectangular structure, sheathed with an absorbent liner. They are made from a number of types of fabric — most often cotton flannel, or hemp (which is highly absorbent and not as bulky as cotton) which results in high degree of softness and loosely fitted fibers. They are highly absorbent and are made of clean fibres that do not have an unpleasant odour when wet or dry. It posses sufficient wet strength treated with wetting agents or wet strength imparting resins such as urea formaldehyde or Melamine resins. Generally absorption paper, waterproof paper crushed pulp, and non-woven cloth or rayon paper is used as raw material. Absorbency is also probably the most important quality of sanitary napkins. That is why it is basically used for drying or absorbing purpose. This basic and advantageous property of sanitary napkin also helps reducing discomfort. It is important that such sanitary napkins be breathable. Since, it is a vital characteristic for comfort and health. Heat and moisture retention create an environment that favors bacterial development. Many women experience irritation and rash when using regular napkins and most of the bacteria that cause women’s diseases are anaerobe, which means they will die within 30 seconds to 1 minute in oxygen. That is why it is so important for sanitary napkins to be breathable. Uses and Applications Sanitary Napkins are exclusively used by adult girls & Ladies around the world during for maintaining physical aid & to avoid wetting or staining of the clothes. Mostly Sanitary Napkin is not reusable. Its use is much popular amongst the educated class of adult girls & ladies. Market Survey Today, the global market for absorbent hygiene products is over US$ 50 bn (including wipes). Although they are not yet the national standard, sanitary napkins are being perceived as more of a necessity and less of a luxury in India. Urban women make up 20% of the country’s sanitary napkin market. In 2008, there were 96 million women in urban India and, at that time, it was projected that that number would increase by 17% to 1.2 billion women in 2013. With this predicted population growth, the sanitary napkin market could potentially be valued at as much as USD$365m, up from US$166.1m in 2008. The total market for tissue and hygiene products grew by 18% in terms of both volume and value sales in 2011. The market for tissue and hygiene products will continue to grow over the forecast period, backed by various demographics factors, including the increasing role of women in Indian society, greater accessibility of these products to semi-urban and rural areas, and increasing affordability due to a rise in disposable income. The increasing awareness of health and hygiene are driving sales in India. The total market size of sanitary napkins was estimated at over two and half billion pieces in 2006-07 with a value at about Rs 4.7 bn. While the urban market has been growing at 20%, the rural market is growing at 7%. Overall, segment is annually growing at an average of over 9% for quite some time. Until 1993, belted sanitary napkins were the largest segment, in that segment, Johnson & Johnson's Carefree con-trolled about half the market. Along with its beltless brand, Stayfree, share could be estimated at around 75%. Beltless napkins now have catapulted to a share of over 70% of the market. Johnson's overall market share is down to 46% and P&G has gained a penetration of 43%. Few Indian Major Players are as under: Carewell Hygiene Products Ltd. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. Gufic Biosciences Ltd. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. Johnson & Johnson Ltd. Kimberly Clark Lever Pvt. Ltd. Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: 576,000 Pcs/Day.Plant & machinery: Rs.134 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs.1624 Lakhs.
Return: 35.41%Break even: 34.00%
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Textile Softeners (Cationic, Anionic & Non Ionic) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunity

Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is a conditioner used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid, crystals, and dryer sheets and is used to both soften fabric and prevent static cling during drying. The first fabric softeners were developed by the textile industry during the early twentieth century. A typical cotton softener consisted of seven parts water, three parts soap, and one part olive, corn, or tallow oil. With advances in organic chemistry, new compounds were created that could soften fabric more effectively. These improved formulations soon found their way into the commercial market. In the late 1970s manufacturers found a way to deliver fabric softening benefits in a dryer sheet format. These sheets provide some of the benefits of fabric softeners but give the added convenience of being able to be added in the dryer instead of the washer rinse cycle. However, while dryer sheets are very popular today, liquid softeners are still widely used because they are more effective. Softening agent additives Textile softening agents are classified according to their ionic character. With a few exceptions, they mainly consist of fatty acid amine condensation products. The purpose of adding ‘fabric softeners’ at the end of the washing process is to neutralize the very small amounts of detergents left in the textiles and thus prevent static electricity. The simplest way to inactivate any detergents left in the fabric is to neutralize the pH to between 6.5 and 7.5 through addition of a small amount of acetic acid. Through this method, the activity of the alkali and surfactants is eliminated. Uses and Applications Nonionic softeners do not carry any electrical charge and therefore do not possess any distinctive substantivity. Thus nonionic softeners are perfect for finishing optically brightened high-white articles. Cationic softeners show the best soft handle and are therefore used for household articles as well as for industrial articles. The only problem is the in-compatibility with anionic auxiliaries (optical brighteners, dyeing auxiliaries) as well as their tendency to yellow in comparison with non-ionic products. Cationic softeners are mainly used for coloured textile substrates. Formulations based on amphoteric substances are usually used for special products of certain applications. Pseudo-cationic softeners can be used on white fabrics still having a good affinity and about the same soft handle as cationic products, providing that the drying temperature or condensation or thermo fixation is not too high. Textile softeners give synthetic fibres a certain degree of natural feeling and improve the handling properties through secondary effects (antistatic, smoothness, moisture regulation etc.). Market Survey Features of the softening agent chemistry Textile softeners are usually marketed as water emulsions with a solid content between 15 and 25%. Fabric softeners, also called as fabric conditioners, represent the fastest growing segment in the laundry products market. Demand for fabric softeners and other laundry products are dependent upon consumer needs and income levels. European countries, United States, and Asia-Pacific regions are the largest markets globally, as stated by the new market research report on Fabric Softeners and Conditioners. The market for fabric softeners is highly consolidated. Unilever and Procter & Gamble account for a major share in the global market. The demand for detergents has been growing at an annual growth rate of 10 to 11 per cent during the past five years. At present, the size of the Indian FMCG market is estimated to be Rs 125,000 crore and is growing at the rate of 12 per cent yearly. According to an industry reports, the sector is expected to grow by up to 17 per cent annually to touch Rs 400,000 crore by 2020. Hindustan Unilever was the leading player in laundry care in past years, holding a 39% value share. Consumers are also expected to upgrade from economy to mid-priced brands and from mid-priced to premium brands. Scented variants in all categories are expected to be introduced to attract consumers. Liquid laundry detergents, on the other hand, are not expected to substantially increase its share in laundry detergents, unless a national player follows the conventional retail route to expand the category.
Plant capacity: Cationic Softener:320.0 Kgs/ Day.,Non Ionic Fabric Softener:320.0 Kgs/ Day.,Anionic Fabric Softener:360.0 Kgs/ Day.Plant & machinery: Rs.33 Lakhs.
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:Rs.172 Lakhs.
Return: 25.00%Break even: 58.00%
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Disposable Plastic Syringes with Needles - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

Disposable Syringes made of plastic Material have been successfully used in medical and pharmaceutical practice for many years. The constantly increasing use of this type Syringe indicates its importance which is based mainly on the advantages it offers regarding cost and hygienic applications. The manufacture of plastic syringes has been developed to such a degree that the products now satisfy the requirements and standards set by Hospital and physicians. At the same time they offer the best possible technique of application to the physician and the highest possible degree of safety to the patient. Due to their availability in sterilized condition, ready to use, and cost effectiveness, disposable syringes are fast replacing the age-old glass syringes. Disposable syringes are mostly injection moulded from polypropylene. Syringes are available in sizes of 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml and 10 ml, 50ml in a variety of designs and consist of either two or three components construction i.e barrel, plunger and needle The barrel of a syringe is made of plastic or glass, and usually has graduated marks indicating the volume of fluid in the syringe, and is nearly always transparent. However, most modern medical syringes are polymeric with a polymeric piston.The syringe has many non-medical applications like Laboratory applications for injection of highly reactive chemicals into reactor, cooking, to refill ink cartridges, injecting glue into closed tight surfaces, injecting lubricants onto working surfaces without spilling. One of the most outstanding features of plastics is the ease with which they can be processed. In some cases semi-finished articles such as sheets or rods are produced and subsequently fabricated into shape using conventional methods such as welding or machining Uses and Applications Disposable syringes commonly are used in modern medicine for the injection of drugs and vaccines or for the extraction of blood. The often are used instead of reusable syringes in an effort to avoid spreading a disease. Among the common uses of disposable syringes are the injecting of insulin by a diabetic person and the administering of a local anesthesia by a dentist. A medical syringe that is used to give shots to more than one person without being properly sterilized is a potential source of disease. This can be an especially pressing concern in poor or undeveloped areas, where an injection often cannot be given under ideal medical conditions. Therefore, disposable syringes often are favored over reusable syringes for vaccines, in order to avoid the risk of transmitting blood borne diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis from one person to another. is one of the principal ways HIV is transmitted in the developed world. Market Survey Needles and syringes are amongst the most extensively used medical disposables. Healthcare professionals represent the largest end-use market for syringes, followed by diabetics The Present demand of Disposable Syringe is being adequately met by indigenous production. In increasing awareness in health care, AIDs and like diseases Expenditure on healthcare services, including diagnostics, hospital occupancy and outpatient consulting, the largest component of this spend is expected to grow more than 125% to Rs 1560 bn in nearby future. The Indian domestic Medicare devices industry is expected to grow from Rs 60 bn to Rs 76.5 bnas well. The overall market is estimated at Rs 150 bn. In India, the emergence of private Medicare services, especially through commercialization and corporatization, has contributed to the transformation With the healthcare sector being opened up to private players, India is now emerging as a lucrative market for global firms dealing in hi-tech diagnostic and imaging equipment. Larsen & Toubro operates in the market for monitors for medical equipment, ultrasound machines and surgical diathermies. It is making a strong foray into exports of medical equipment and is exporting to the European markets. It expects international sales to contribute around 50% of the total revenue from the medical equipment division. Hindustan Syringes and Medical Devices (HMD) enjoys a 65% market share. Imports constitute 10% of this market. In the single use needles market, HMD has a 70% market share, followed by imported brands with a 25% market share. The size of the local needles market is 2.5 bn units per annum. The Indian market is expanding in all directions as a result of better affordability and expanding medical service institutions Few Indian Major Players are as under: Albert David Ltd. Disposable Medi-Aids Ltd. H L L Lifecare Ltd. Hindustan Syringes & Medical Devices Ltd. Iscon Surgicals Ltd. La Medical Devices Ltd. Lifeline Injects Ltd. Lifelong Meditech Ltd. Nirma Ltd. Raaj Medisafe India Ltd. Sangam Health Care Products Ltd. Surgiplast Ltd.
Plant capacity: Syringes (1 ml) :14,000.0 Nos./Day.,Syringes (3 ml):14,000.0 Nos./Day.,Syringes (5 ml):14,000.0 Nos./Day.,Syringes (10 ml):14,000.0 Nos./Day.Plant & machinery: Rs.174 Lakhs.
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project :Rs.515 Lakhs.
Return: 30.00%Break even: 40.00%
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E.R.W. Galvanized Steel Pipes - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

GI Pipes/ Galvanized pipes are steel pipes covered with a protective coating of zinc that greatly reduces its tendency to corrode and extends its life expectant galvanized steel tubes are covered by a layer of zinc & are used for varied applications. These are available in various size and shapes based on the customer’s requirements. These tubes are natural corrosion resistant and hold functional durability, even in outdoor environments. Apart from preventing water corrosion, it is equally effective in dry, indoor environments. Electric Resistance Welded Pipe uses the high frequency induction heating (HFI) process to manufacture pipes ranging in nominal diameter from 219 mm (8,58 inch) to 610 mm (24 inch), and in wall thickness. In order to ensure completely smooth pipes, welds are scarfed both internally and externally. Immediate confirmations of welds are assured as pipes pass through a multi-probe ultrasonic inspection system located after the welding and scarfing stations. Following ultrasonic assessment, weld joints are induction heated to normalize the metallic structure of the weld. Normalizing also improves toughness of the steel in the region and significantly decreases the weld line corrosion effect. Prior to hydrostatic testing, pipes are sized to required tolerances before being cut to length and the ends bevelled. Weld seams is again ultrasonically tested. Pipes are inspected, weighed and can be varnished and marked prior to final inspection and dispatch, or transferred to the coating and lining plants for corrosion protection treatment. Uses & Applications These are pipes suitable for irrigation and water supply, plumbing, cold storage applications, scaffolding, antenna and telecom towers, water wells etc. GI pipes for various purposes depending upon the requirements of our customers. These pipes and tubes find diverse applications in the following sectors: Air and Water Line - Main water supply, Plumbing / Pumping, Chilled Water Line, Sewerage, Firefighting equipment, Waste water conveying, Cooling tower, Air duct, Chimney, Compressed Air line, Refrigerated line, in cold storage, Gas piping LPG cylinder supporting ring, Chemical transportation. It may be used in residential water supply lines, but not gas lines because natural gas causes the zinc to flake off and clog the system. It's not frequently used for water supply lines because the minerals in the water react with the galvanizing material and form scale, which builds up over time and will eventually clog the pipe. For industrial purpose it could be used in Industrial water lines/plant piping, Waste waterlines, Scaffoldings, Electrical Cable conduits, Gas/Natural gas pipe lines, Oil pipe lines, Cooling towers, LPG & other non-toxic gas pipelines, Cold storages, Vehicular chassis and frames, Idlers & belt conveyors Market Survey Steel pipes are primarily of two types, seamless and welded. Seamless pipes and tubes are used in both oil and non-oil sectors in a wide range of applications as line pipes, casing pipes, production tubings, drill pipes and the like. In the oil sector, API (American Petroleum Institute) standard pipes are preferred for line pipes and casing pipes. Oil sector absorbs nearly 60% of seamless pipes, while some 30% are consumed by bearings and boiler manufacturers. According to the London-based Iron and Steel Statistics Bureau (ISSB), steel tubes industry is poised for a 30% growth in the wake of a growing demand in the infrastructure construction sector, mainly in scaffolding in buildings. The sector has grown dramatically in the recent past at a record 20% growth owing to several infrastructure projects lined up by the government and the private sector. The use of steel rods and bars in stadia, railway stations, multiplexes and gas pipeline has been replaced with steel tubes, fuelling further growth potential for the tube industry. Salem plant (of Steel Authority of India) created awareness of stainless steel also in areas other than utensils. As a result, it found its way increasingly into processing industry, construction, railways and engineering industry. From 85%, the consumption of stainless steel by the utensil manufacturing sector dropped down to nearly 75%. As against the high level of stainless steel used for utensils in India, only 35% is used in the developed countries. India utilizes only about 12% of stainless steel in industrial applications as against 19% in developed countries. Out of total stainless steel produced, more than 70% of production is of SS 200 grade series, while SS 300 grade series constitutes just 15 to 20%. India also has good facilities for stainless steel long products like bars, wire rods and wires which have good prospects in Europe, USA and South East Asian region. Few Indian Major Players are as under: A N S Steel Tubes Ltd. Aravali (India) Ltd. Asrani Tubes Ltd. Bhawani Industries Ltd. Binjrajka Steel Tubes Ltd. Gemini Steel Tubes Ltd. J T L Infra Ltd. Maharashtra Seamless Ltd. Nav Bharat Tubes Ltd. Samana Steels Ltd. Surya Global Steel Tubes Ltd. Thapar Concast Ltd. Tube Investments Of India Ltd. Vallabh Steels Ltd.
Plant capacity: 60 MT/Day.Plant & machinery: Rs.701 Lakhs.
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:Rs.2462 Lakhs.
Return: 28.00%Break even: 40.00%
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L-LYSINE FROM MICROBIAL FERMENTATION - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities

L-Lysine is an ?-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. It is an essential amino acid for humans. Lysine's codons are AAA and AAG. Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The ?-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding and as a general base in catalysis. (The ?-amino group (NH3+) is attached to the fifth carbon beginning from the ?-carbon, which is attached to the carboxyl (C=OOH) group. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the ?-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications at lysine residues include acetylation and ubiquitination. Collagen contains hydroxylysine, which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell. Lysine is one of the essential amino acids not synthesized biologically in the body. Children and growing animals have a high requirement of lysine, since it is needed for bone formation. Lysine is generally recognized as the most deficient amino acid in the food supply of both man and domestic meat producing animals. Since animal feed, such as grain and defatted oil seeds contain only small quantities of lysine, poultry, cattle and other live stocks are unable to synthesize this amino acid. So it must be added to these feed stuff to provide adequate diet. The excretion of small amount of alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and histidine in a culture of E. coli. addition of ammonium salt in excess of that required for growth resulted in increased amino acid production. The principles of the fermentative method quickly gained acceptance, and systematic work soon began on the production of other amino acids. This marked the birth of the amino acid fermentation industry.The possible utilization of wild strain revealed that many microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi and action mycetes, accumulated amino acids in culture containing a supplementary source of nitrogen. The biosynthetic pathways of most amino acids are now well moved to metabolic control and its break down, including the genus and species specificity of the phenomenon. Protein production by microorganisms rich in essential amino acids are source both as a food supplement and as a source of amino acid. Fifteen amino acids were found in cell hydrolyzate, of which arginine and L-lysine is the most abundant. Most natural strains cannot produce industrially significant amounts of L-lysine in the culture broth due to various metabolic regulation mechanisms. Alteration of these mechanism can lead to L-lysine accumulation. USES & APPLICATION Lysine production for animal feed is a major global industry, reached in 2009 almost 700,000 tonnes for a market value of over €1.22 billion. Lysine is an important additive to animal feed because it is a limiting amino acid when optimizing the growth of certain animals such as pigs and chickens for the production of meat. Lysine supplementation allows for the use of lower-cost plant protein (maize, for instance, rather than soy) while maintaining high growth rates, and limiting the pollution from nitrogen excretion. In turn, however, phosphate pollution is a major environmental cost when corn is used as feed for poultry and swine. Lysine is industrially produced by microbial fermentation, from a base mainly of sugar. Genetic engineering research is actively pursuing bacterial strains to improve the efficiency of production and allow lysine to be made from other substrates. The requirements of amino acids in animals are well defined in various sets of recommendations such as those of NRC (National Research Council), USA, etc. Requirements vary depending on the species and age of animals. Amino acids should be supplied either in the form of protein or crystalline amino acids in feed to meet requirements. By comparing requirements and the actual amino acids present in feed, the order of ‘limiting amino acids’ can be estimated. The orders of limiting amino acids in pig and broiler feeds, composed of corn (or wheat) and soybean meal. Crystalline amino acids should be added to feed in the order of limiting amino acids when the protein content of the feed is reduced, which is the reason why DL-Methionine and L-Lysine HCl were initially introduced to feed. Now, with a more economic supply of L-Threonine and L-Tryptophan available, use of amino acids has entered a new era, in which the use of second and third limiting amino acids is taking off. For example, in the past two to three years, the annual growth rate of L-Threonine usage has been above 20 percent. Since the protein level required by livestock is reduced further with the introduction of second and third limiting amino acids, use of the first limiting amino acid will also be expanded. MARKET SURVEY It can be said that the use of L-Lysine in animal feed in India is largely in the introductory stage at present. The demand is bound to go up, in view of the compulsive need to optimise the quality of the animal feed by the producers to stay ahead in the competitive market. The Indian demand for L-Lysine is estimated to be around 1000 tonnes per annum. Estimated growth rate in demand: 9 to 10% per annum. The global demand for L-Lysine Hydrochloride is around 5,00,000 tonnes per annum with the projected growth rate in demand of around 8.0%. Considering the fact that around 25,000 tonnes of additional capacity has to be created for L-Lysine Mono-hydrochloride to meet the global demand every year, it should be possible for the Indian project to take substantial share in the export market. This would be so, in view of the fact that the Molasses based L-Lysine project in India would be globally competitive from the point of view of the cost factors. The important aspects of the L-Lysine is that the product is based on cane molasses, which is adequately available in the country.
Plant capacity: 17 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs 328 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs 910 Lakhs
Return: 24.64%Break even: 52.18%
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GLASS BOTTLE FOR BEER - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

A beer bottle is a bottle made to contain beer, usually made of glass and come in various sizes, shapes and colours. Dark amber or brown glass greatly reduces UV light from spoiling the beer.[1] However, lighter colored bottles are often used for marketing reasons. The first nationwide standardized beer bottles were introduced in Sweden in 1886. The medium size, 330ml (11.6 imp fl oz; 11.2U.S. fl oz), is still in use today, but is being phased out. Glass occurs naturally in two ways. When lightning strikes sand, the immense heat developed causes the silica grains constituting sand to fuse into long tubes of glassy material called fulgurites. Glass is also naturally formed when hot, molten lava from an erupting volcano is subjected to sudden, rapid cooling resulting in the deposition of under developed crystals of glass, more rightly referred to asobsidian. The technique of glass making too is based on similar lines. People learned to make the first glass containers about two thousand years ago. Molten glass was collected on the ends of hollow iron pipes and then expanded by blowing through the pipes. Slowly, people learnt to blow molten glass into moulds. Glass bottle making machines were introduced in the thirties. In the early seventies, environmentalists began arguing on the grounds that glass bottles added to pollution. This led to the setting up of numerous recycling centers where people could return bottles for reuse in other bottles. The entire process of bottle making is almost fully automated. An automated feeder separates a stream of molten glass into individual gobs. These are then dropped through tubes in a moving track. The gob is shaped into what looks like a short bottle with thick walls and is called a parison. The parison is transferred to a final mould made of iron, which moves up and clamps around the glass. Air is blown into the glass till it acquires the final shape of the mould. This procedure involving expansion is called blowing. The bottle is then released from the mould and annealed. MARKET SURVEY Glass bottles are used widely in the food industry. Glass faces tough competition in this sector though, from plastics, paper products and metals. It’s a very competitive market place. Plastics have made big headway into some of glass’s traditional markets, particularly in the food sector, but glass container production is still rising. He explained that glass often wins out as it is perceived to be a superior material. This is borne out by the results of surveys conducted on behalf of the Glass Packaging Institute (GPI): 96% of wine and beer drinkers in the US and Europe said they preferred their drink to be packaged in glass bottles. Consumers believe that glass provides a truer taste, by protecting the purity and quality of the drink better. The GPI says that, “Glass provides a barrier to oxygen and moisture, protecting it longer and better than any other packaging material... it communicates a premium image, taste and quality.” Soda-lime glass, while the most abundantly manufactured form of glass, has experienced testing times during the past few years as the global economic crisis significantly slowed the amount of new building as well as the amount of manufacturing worldwide. Glass was hit hard by a crash in the global housing market during the period 2008-2012. This collapse, in turn, caused the prices for some minerals used to produce glass - such as soda ash - to dip to the point where prices for the mineral were as low as they can feasibly go. Other glass-using industries, such as automobile manufacturing, also took a knock, which again filtered down to the raw materials demand level. While some glass markets dipped in 2012, this year has already begun to show some promise. In the housing sector, for example, 23 markets have demonstrated better year-on-year statistics in Q3 2012 compared with Q3 2011, according to a report by Global Property Guide. Recovery of the US housing market has been particularly evident, with growth in Q3 2012 being the highest since Q2 2006, according to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), the Guide reported. Despite these encouraging results, the impact of the global economic crisis is still evident across the glass industry. Increased production costs, unilateral CO2 costs, fluctuating and unfavourable exchange rates, and high labour costs hamper the cost competitiveness at global level of the container glass sector. OPPORTUNITIES Only few major players are there in the market, each having its own specialty in making different types sizes of glass. Therefore, competition is low and specialization is high. Raw materials as sand (silica), limestone and soda ash are basic ingredients and are readily available in Pakistan. Pakistan's glass industry can plan for joint ventures for safety and automotive glass, while it has been exporting glass to Afghanistan at an increasing rate. Export oriented development projects by the Ministry of Industrial Production and Special Initiatives (MIP&SI) were announced during 2010 and are worth 969.97 Million Rupees for Glass and ceramics industry. Anti-dumping measures and penalties by the Government on Chinese substitutes favorably impact local manufacturers. The existence of many small and medium sized players requires a period of consolidation in the Industry, allowing it to me more competitive and invest in technology to boost its export potential. Ceramic product lines include a vast range of products; tiles, tableware, sanitary ware, refractory and insulators which are a source of immense amount of revenue. The domestic demand for tile, sanitary ware and table ware is rising because of the rapid urbanization and construction of houses. Large export potential in sanitary ware in Middle East, Africa and Central Asia exists which can be exploited by using local expertise for manufacturing of machinery. Facilitation of supply chain collaboration is needed by the sector which will eventually help in meeting the demand of the product. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS A C E Glass Containers Ltd. A G Glass Ltd. Cana Glass Ltd. Durgesh Block & China Glass Works Ltd. Excel Glasses Ltd. H S I L Ltd. Haldyn Corporation Ltd. Haldyn Glass Ltd. Haryana Sheet Glass Ltd. Hindusthan National Glass & Inds. Ltd. Jagatjit Industries Ltd. Mahalakshmi Glass Works Pvt. Ltd. Mohan Breweries & Distilleries Ltd. Mohan Meakin Ltd. Neutral Glass & Allied Inds. Pvt. Ltd. Piramal Glass Ltd. Shree Gobinddeo Glass Works Ltd. Shri Balkishan Agarwal Glass Inds. Ltd. Tilaknagar Distilleries & Inds. Ltd. Vazir Glass Works Ltd. Victory Glass & Inds. Ltd. Western India Glass Works Ltd.
Plant capacity: 100000 Nos./DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 112 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 620 Lakhs
Return: 29.80%Break even: 63.13%
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PARTICLE BOARD FROM BAGASSE - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Bagasse is the waste of sugar industry. It can be used for the production of bagasse base board or solid fuels or for the production of power or for the production of Alcohol. Now we are intending to produce bagasse base board. For the manufacturing of bagasse base board, it-should be in the form of fine particle and other raw material used phenol formaldehyde base adhesive and neem leaf dust. The required plant machineries are solid mixing machine, hydraulic press, hot air dust or drier and S.S made mould. There is gradually demand increase in wood base products. There are few manufacturers who makes board by partial use of fine particles of bagasse. In this product manufacturing there is very minimum amount of environmental pollution. The product board can compete with the ply board or wood base board. This can be very safely handled and transport from one place to another place. Quality of board depend on the fine technique of finishing. Any new entrepreneur may enter into this field will be successful. It is solid, sort and net easily breakable. It is not easily effected by weather and temperature up to 60 0C. It can be transport from one place to another place. It can be sized easily according to requirement. USES & APPLICATION It can be used for making different variety of furniture like, chair, table, bed etc. It can be used for making panel board, windows, doors etc. It can be used for making partition in the room. It is used in Construction companies, school, colleges, paints, and for domestic uses. MARKET SURVEY Few organized and many private organizations are engaged in the manufacturing of ply board or wood board or bagasse base board. There is growth about 5-8% per annum. These is no import of ply board, these is scope of export of ply board as well as wood board is there. In the near future projected demand of bagasse base board will be increased by 5% as this is the product of wood substitute.
Plant capacity: 2000 Nos./DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 637 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 1098 Lakhs
Return: 26.59%Break even: 53.25%
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MULTISPECIALTY HOSPITAL - Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Trends, Market Research, Survey, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Cost of Project

The Indian healthcare dates back to the Vedic system of healthcare (Ayurveda) in 5000 BC. The Ayurvedic principles of positive health and therapeutic measures relate to physical, mental, social and spiritual welfare of human beings. During the early Vedic period, Ayurveda was perhaps the only system of overall healthcare and medicine. It enjoyed the unquestioned patronage and support of the people and their rulers. Ayurveda proliferated the most during the Vedic period. The Vedic period is followed by a long medieval history marked by uncertain political conditions and several invasions from outside the country when Ayurveda faced utter neglect and its growth stunted. Unani medicine was brought into India during this time and gained momentum with the extensive support of Mughal emperors. With the British invasion, Allopathy was also brought to India and soon got acceptance for swift results. Today, with continuous research and development, Aallopathy dominates the Indian health care market. Healthcare industry in India is divided into two segments - services and manufacturing. While the manufacturing segment consists of both medical equipment manufacturing industry and the pharma production, the services segment is basically split into direct services and indirect services. Hospitals, health insurance services and R&D services are considered as direct services, while third party insurance, claims settlement services and others, are considered as indirect services. The chart given below shows the structure of the industry. The estimated size of Indian Healthcare industry was USD 35 billion in 2008 and grew at 23 per cent per annum and touched USD 80 billion in 2012 and by 2017 will reach over USD 150 billion. There is an increasing number of private and public healthcare facilities and are expected to rise in demand for the industry accounting for USD 6.7 billion.A specialty hospital is dedicated to specific sub-specialty care (paediatric centres, oncology centres, psychiatric hospitals). Patients will often be referred from smaller hospitals to a speciality hospital for major operations, consultations with sub-specialists and when sophisticated intensive care facilities are required. These hospitals have highly trained specialists, high-end technology and provide round the clock services. These hospitals are able to do specialised tests, undertake dialysis for acute renal failure, provide ventilation to patients with respiratory failure and render intensive care to critically ill patients. These hospitals undertake research and have adequate library facilities. These hospitals concentrate on a particular organ of the body and provide medical care e.g., cancer, dental, psychiatry, T.B. etc. MARKET SIZE & GROWTH The healthcare equipment sector attracted 8.8 per cent of the total investments in terms of deal value with an aggregate of US$ 249.01 million (20 deals), according to data released by VCCEdge. The hospital and diagnostics centre in India received foreign direct investment (FDI) worth US$ 1,597.33 million, while drugs & pharmaceutical and medical & surgical appliances industry registered FDI worth US$ 10,318.17 million and US$ 622.99 million, respectively during April 2000 to March 2013, according to data provided by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).The diagnostics sector in India has been witnessing immense progress in innovative competencies and credibility. In addition, the emerging sectors, such as bio-generics and pharma packaging are also paving way for the pharmaceutical market to continue its upward trend during FY 2012- 2014 FY. To determine the feasibility of the project, the first consideration in the survey is to study the character, needs and possibilities of the community which the hospital is going to serve. Based on the health indicators for India released by the WHO, CRISIL Research estimates the Indian healthcare delivery industry to reach Rs 2.3 trillion in 2010-11. As healthcare coverage across the country increases, the industry is expected to register a CAGR of 12 per cent to reach Rs 4.2 trillion in 2015-16. As private investments have been skewed towards in-patient department (IPD) treatments, its share in the overall market is expected to increase from 64 per cent in 2010-11 to 66 per cent by 2015-16. The growth in demand for healthcare delivery services will be mainly driven by a combination of various factors including changing demographics, increasing income levels, greater health awareness and increasing health insurance coverage. Investments of over Rs 5.6 trillion required to attain healthcare delivery benchmarks India lags behind several global benchmarks for healthcare delivery. In terms of both healthcare infrastructure and manpower, India ranks below even developing countries like China, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Vietnam in terms of both beds to population and physicians to population ratios. In order to meet the global median of 24 beds per 10,000 population, as per WHO statistics, investments of Rs 5.6 trillion would be required over the next 5 years. The growth in the healthcare services in the country is primarily driven by the 350 million strong middle class people aspiring for quality healthcare services, thus increasing international confidence on India as a potential, high quality and low cost medical tourism destination. According to the WHO report, India needs to add 80,000 hospital beds each year for the next five years to meet the demandsof its growing population. High quality talent pool, proven track record, favourable government policies, ability todeliver healthcare services at low cost and high quality infrastructure has put India on the global map for outsourcing various healthcare related services. This has been further intensified by Government of India’s recent budget declarations, where enough emphasis has been given on setting up of healthcare delivery infrastructure mainly in Tier – I & Tier – II cities. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Alps Hospital Ltd. Amri Hospitals Ltd. Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd. Apollo Hospitals Intl. Ltd. Apollo Lavasa Health Corpn. Ltd. Artemis Health Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Artemis Medical Institute & Hospitals Pvt. Ltd. Asia Healthcare Devp. Ltd. Asian Heart Institute & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. Ayurvedagram Heritage Wellness Center Pvt. Ltd. Billroth Hospitals Ltd. Brahmaputra Hospitals Ltd. Breach Candy Hospital Trust Central Travancore Specialists Hospital Ltd. Chandak Hospital & Research Insititute Ltd. Chennai Meenakshi Multispeciality Hospital Ltd. Crystal Hospitals Ltd. Deccan Hospitals Corpn. Ltd. [Merged] Dr. Agarwal'S Eye Hospital Ltd. Durgapur Projects Ltd. Emed.Com Technologies Ltd. Escorts Heart & Superspeciality Institute Ltd. Escorts Hospital & Research Centre Ltd. Fortis Health Mgmt. Ltd. Fortis Hospitals Ltd. Fortis Hospotel Ltd. Fortis Malar Hospitals Ltd. Galaxy Care Laparoscopy Institute Pvt. Ltd. Ganga Care Hospital Ltd. Gokuldas Hospitals Ltd. Goodwill Hospital & Research Centre Ltd. Gowri Gopal Hospitals Pvt. Ltd. Harvey Health Care Ltd. Hometrail Buildtech Pvt. Ltd. Hometrail Estate Pvt. Ltd. Imperial Hospital & Research Centre Ltd. Indiaco Health Care Pvt. Ltd. Indraprastha Medical Corpn. Ltd. International Hospital Ltd. Jaya Diagnostic & Research Centre Ltd. Jubilant First Trust Healthcare Ltd. K M C Speciality Hospitals (India) Ltd. Keshlata Cancer Hospital Ltd. Ketki Research Institute Of Medical Sciences Ltd. Kovai Medical Center & Hospital Ltd. Lakeshore Hospital & Research Centre Ltd. Lotus Eye Care Hospital Ltd. Mahalaxmi Hospital Ltd. Mandke Foundation Mangal Anand Health Care Ltd. Mayo Hospitals Ltd. Meridian Medical Research & Hospital Ltd. Miot Hospitals Ltd. Modern Hospital Kodungallur Ltd. Nagarjuna Ayurvedic Centre Ltd. Nagarjuna Hospitals Ltd. Nairsons Medical Services Ltd. Newrise Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. Noida Medicare Centre Ltd. Onnu Kurae Ayiram Yogam Mission Hospital Ltd. Peerless Hospitex Hospital & Research Center Ltd. Pulikkal Medical Foundation Quality Care India Ltd. R M C Med Ltd. Rajasthan Cancer Cure Hospital Ltd. Rama Medicares Ltd. Ramkrishna Care Medical Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Regency Hospital Ltd. S J S Holdings Ltd. S R L Diagnostics Private Ltd. S R L Ltd. Sada Sharada Tumour & Research Institute. Sahara India Medical Institute Ltd. Sahyadri Hospitals Ltd. Samudra Healthcare Enterprises Ltd. Saumya Medicare International Ltd. Sharma East India Hospitals & Medical Research Ltd. Shushrusha Citizens' Co-Op. Hospital Ltd. Soni Medicare Ltd. Sterling Addlife India Ltd. Sunlit Hospital Ltd. Superior Medicare Ltd. Sushrut Hospital & Diagnostic Ltd. Sushruta Medical Aid & Research Hospital Ltd. Tamilnad Hospital Ltd. Trichur Heart Hospital Ltd. Trivandrum International Health Services Ltd. Trivandrum Medical Speciality Services Ltd. Valluvanad Hospital Complex Ltd. Visakha Hospitals & Diagnostics Ltd. Win Health Care Pvt. Ltd. Wockhardt Hospital Ltd. Zubeda Hospitals Ltd.
Plant capacity: 317 Patients/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 5280 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 7778 Lakhs
Return: 27.77%Break even: 34.95%
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EDIBLE OIL REFINERY UNIT - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue

Rice is grown over vast areas of land around the world and is a major staple food for more than half of the world population. Rice is an excellent source of nutrients, where protein contains the eight essential amino acids. Rice is a relatively good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorous, iron and potassium and is also a good source of carbohydrates, which serves as a form of energy. Non-allergenic and gluten-free characteristics make rice ideal for persons with these special dietary requirements. Harvested rice is in the form of rough rice (paddy) with the edible portion covered with an outer protective layer known as the husk or hull. After being dried, the rice passes though Sheller machines to remove the hull material. Shelling produces brown rice, with a thin bran layer surrounding the rice kernel. Abrasive forces in the milling machine remove the outer bran layer on the brown rice and the resultant product is white rice. White rice is consumed after appropriate polishing to further remove any remaining bran layers and to give a desired degree of whiteness and polish. The rice hull and rice bran are obtained as by-products of the rice milling industry. Rice bran, which includes the pericarp, the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers, parts of the germ and the embryo as well as small portions of the starchy endosperm, is a valuable milling by-product. After milling, the immediate stabilization of rice bran using thermal treatment techniques deactivates enzymes responsible for its degradation. Stabilized rice bran is free from rancidity, off flavors, and bitter and soupy taste, and is suitable for further use and processing. Rice bran had gained significant attention after adequate progress in its stabilization techniques Bran, 10% of the weight of rough rice, is rich in oil (15- 22 %), depending on the milling procedure and the rice variety. Most crude oils and fats, whether obtained by pressing, solvent extraction or rendering are given a preliminary cleaning and clarification treatment by setting, screening, filtration or centrifugation to make them more resistant against deterioration during storage. When required for edible purposes they are nearly always given a further refining treatment, when intended for technical non edible purposes they also frequently need some treatment to remove impurities, degradation products or undesirable constituents which would interface with their use. Rice bran crude oils obtained by solvent extraction are given a preliminary cleaning and clarification treatment by allowing the crude oil to settle followed by screening, filtration or centrifugation to make them more resistant against deterioration during storage. Special characteristics of rice bran oil are the very marked resistance to oxidative rancidity. The stabilities of the refined, bleached and deodorized rice bran oil and the hydrogenated products are approximately twice those of comparable, commercially acceptable vegetable fat. USES AND APPLICATION Rice Bran Oil is a healthy oil with uses in cooking, frying, as a salad dressing, baking, soap making, as even a supplement to horses, dogs and other animals. Thus, Rice bran oil can be used as vegetable oil in the domestic purposes for consumer use. It can be used for hydrogenation purpose. It can be used for the extraction of fatty acids and glycerol from it.It is also use to treat nerve imbalance. The use of Rice bran oil not more than half a litre in a months is sufficient for good health. MARKET SURVEY Indian edible oil industry is composed of some 15,000 oil mills, 600 solvent extraction units, 250 vanaspati units and over 600 refining units. These employ over a million people.With around 8% of world oilseeds production, over 7% of global protein meal production, around 4% of world oil meal export, total oilseeds production of 23 mn tonne and 5.6 mn tonne of edible oil production, India is the fourth largest edible oil economy in the world valued at USD 16.5 bn (Rs 660 bn). India has a share of nearly 6% of global vegetable oil production, nearly 11% of global vegetable oil imports and 9% of global edible oil consumption. And yet over 40% of the edible oil availability in the market is sourced from imports. The edible oil segment is currently undergoing a metamorphosis as a result of spiralling prices of soft oils - sunflower and soyabean. Premium branded vegetable oil makers are expanding their product portfolio to include less-upmarket oils from cottonseed, groundnut or even palmolein in consumer packs. India has a potential to produce about 1.50 mn tonne of rice bran oil. Of this potential, only half or 750,000 tonne, is produced. Some 200,000 tonne of oil is being used as refined rice bran oil for cooking. The rest is used in vanaspati. There are some 30 plants refining crude rice bran oil. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS Agrawal Oil Extractions Ltd. Globus Industries & Services Ltd. J R Foods Ltd. Kedia Overseas Ltd. Morinda Overseas Inds. Ltd. Rajaram Solvex Ltd. S K M Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Ltd. Shanti Kunj Solvent Ltd. Sree Tulasi Solvent Extractions Ltd. Sri Murugarajendra Oil Industry Ltd. Thapar Agro Mills Ltd.
Plant capacity: 80 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs. 962 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs. 2113 Lakhs
Return: 27.62%Break even: 46.86%
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