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Best Business Opportunities in Assam - Identification and Selection of right Project, Thrust areas for Investment, Industry Startup and Entrepreneurship Projects

Food processing: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or butchered animal products and uses these to produce attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products. Assam has many agricultural and horticultural products. Assam has a fertile soil conducive to cultivation of fruits and vegetables. So far the fruits and vegetables grown in Assam have been sent by rail or road to other parts of the country, which can be used for processing many kinds of food. Apart from rice mills, flour mills and oil mills, many small establishments of producing biscuits, lozenges, soft drinks and snacks have recently come in the town and commercial centres of the region.

The food processing sector has the potential to grow in Assam with increasing demand for processed food. Opportunities exist in processing, sourcing, setting up cold chains and logistics. The Government of India has approved for setting up a Food Processing Industrial Park at Chaygaon near Guwahati in Kamrup District.

 

Resources

Assam has an abundance of natural resources which are yet to be engaged industriously. The agro-climatic condition of the State favour the growth of a variety of fruits and vegetables/ spices including orange, banana, pineapple, arecanut, coconut, guava, mango, jackfruit, citrus fruits, ginger, turmeric, chillies, potatoes, etc. Until recently, horticulture was practiced as a largely non-commercial activity. However, with better quality planting material, sufficient research support and better know-how, the State could easily be poised for a major boom in the fruit growing and food processing industry. Following are key potential industries to be developed on the core strengths of our state:

•    Multi cropping in agriculture sector

•    Assam is the world’s single largest tea growing region

•    Abundant resource of fresh water,

•    Major varieties of the major fruits grown in Assam are Banana, orange, litchi, pineapple, papaya

•    Assam has abundant productive and diversified water resources to support surplus fish production to feel the growing fish eating population of the state.

•    Livestock is an important component of mixed farming system in Assam as the meat consumption in Assam is high.

The per capita availability of milk is 70gm/day in comparison to the all India figure of 246gm/day.

 

Government policies/ scheme

To fulfil the need for creation of integrated and holistic infrastructure for food processing sector, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) had launched new Schemes in 11th FYP with strong focus on creation of modern enabling infrastructure to facilitate growth of food processing and creation of an integrated cold chain mechanism for handling perishable produce. Under the initiatives of MOFPI for strengthening infrastructure in agro  and food processing sector, it had launched the Mega Food Parks Scheme, Scheme for Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure and Scheme for Modernization of Abattoirs in the 11th  Five Year Plan. The Government of India has sanctioned a food processing park with a total project cost of Rs. 5.95 crores. The park is being set up near Chaygaon in the district of Kamrup (rural). The implementing agency for the food processing is Assam Small Industries Development Corporation Ltd.

 

 

 

Medicinal plants: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

Medicinal plants are various plants used in herbalism and thought by some to have medicinal properties. Medical Plant constitutes an important therapeutic aid in alleviating ailments. Almost 80% of the world population, particularly in the third world are fully dependent on medicinal plants for meeting their health care needs. The herbal medicines today symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to human and environment. In the primeval times, the Indian sagacious held the view that herbal medicines are the only resolution to treat numeral health related problems and diseases. It is becoming more main stream as improvements in analysis and quality control along with advances in clinical research show the value of herbal medicine in the treating and preventing disease. Increasing interest in herbal products has today accelerated the growth of medicinal plant-based industries.

 

Resources

Assam is primarily an agrarian economy, with 74% of its population engaged in agriculture and allied activities. There are over 1500 species of medicinal plants reported so far from India and more than 350 species from Assam. They can not only cure our ailments but can also be a potential source of economic development. Assam with a total geographical area of 78438 sq. km is very rich in land resources. Its vast fertile alluvial tracts and low hills with suitable climatic condition offer excellent condition for utilization of for different uses. Assam is basically an agriculture dependent state. More than 65 per cent of its total area is under agriculture.

Government policies

The provisions of this Environment code of practice (ECP) - Agriculture, comply with the legal requirements and conventions, which govern the collection, cultivation processing, handling, packaging & storage of medicinal plant or its derivatives. Prior to selection of species, the cultivator shall apply for and obtain permission from State Medicinal Plants Boards (SMPB), Government of Assam and National Horticulture Board (NHB). The proof of obtaining clearance shall be a pre-requisite for inclusion as beneficiary in the project. The District Agriculture Officer (DAO) shall be responsible for verification of the same. 

Mineral: Project Opportunities in Assam

Profile

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. Common rocks are often made up of crystals of several kinds of minerals. There are some substances, like opal, which have the appearance of a mineral but lack any definite internal structure, are sometimes called "mineraloids". The minerals produced in India constitute one-quarter of the world's most popular mineral resources.

Resources

Assam is endowed with vast mineral resources. Assam is rich in mineral resources like Coal (320 Mn.T.), Limestone (703 Mn.T.), Iron Ore (11 Mn.T) and Granite (1 Bn. Cu. Mtrs) along many more resources like Fireclay, Lithomarge, Fuller's Earth, Sillimanite and Glass Sand. The coal found in Assam has a high sulphur content and high volatile matter content, thereby reducing its coke ability. The most important minerals being exploited so far in Assam are coal, oil and gas, limestone and sillimanite. Limestone with reserves of about 500 million tonnes is another important resource and is available in various grades. The China clay available in the Karbi-Anglong district is a vital input for the ceramics industry and has already spawned a few small plants. Deposits of decorative stone like granite estimated to be more than a billion cubic meters are available in various shades and colours, which have a huge market potential locally and abroad. Opportunities based on minerals are Gasification & Liquefaction of Coal, De-Sulphurisation of Coal, Coal based Power Plant, Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Extraction, Exploration of Oil & Natural Gas and HDPE / LLDPE / Polypropylene basedindustries. Assam has an abundant reserve of petroleum. It takes care of 25% of India's petrol requirement.

Government policies

The  role to be played by the Central and State Governments in  regard  to  mineral  development has  been  extensively  dealt in  the  Mines  and Minerals (Development and Regulation)  Act, 1957  and Rules  made under the Act by  the  Central  Government and  the  State  Governments in their  respective  domains.   The provisions  of  the  Act  and the Rules  will  be  reviewed  and  harmonised  with  the basic features of the new  National Mineral  Policy.  In future the core functions of the State in mining will be facilitation and regulation of exploration and mining activities of investors and entrepreneurs, provision of infrastructure and tax collection.  In mining activities, there shall be arms length distance between State agencies (Public Sector Undertakings) that mine and those that regulate.  There shall be transparency and fair play in the reservation of ore bodies to State agencies on such areas where private players are not holding or have not applied for exploration or mining, unless security considerations or specific public interests are involved. Recently, the Union Government after reviewing the current mining sector, mineral development and keeping in view the availability of the valuable finite resource have announced the National Mineral Policy (NMP))- 2010. Research organisations, including the National Mineral Processing Laboratories of the Indian Bureau of Mines should be strengthened for development of processes for beneficiation and mineral and elemental analysis of ores and ore dressing products. There shall be co-operation between and co-ordination among all organisations in public and private sector engaged in this task.

 

Oil refinery and its products: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Indian Oil group of companies owns and operates 10 out of India’s 20 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 65.7 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA, .i.e. 1.30 million barrels per day approx.). Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for 47% petroleum products market share. The companydistributes its products directly to bulk customers and to retail customers via a network of retail outlets and dealers/distributors. The Indian oil and gas sector is one of the six core industries in India and has very significant forward linkages with the entire economy. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) and Oil India Ltd. (OIL) are the two National Oil Companies (NOC)s.

Resources

Assam has the oldest refinery in the country which started commercial production in 1901. Assam was the first state in the country where in 1889 oil was struck at Digboi in Tinsukia district. The refinery, now belonging to the Assam Division of the Indian Oil Corporation, has a refining capacity of 3 lakh tonnes of petrol, kerosene, diesel and other petroleum products.         

The second refinery in Assam was set up at Noonmati in Guwahati under the public sector. It started production in 1962. It produces liquified petroleum gas (LPG), petrol, kerosene, diesel, furnace oil, coke etc. The third refinery in the region was established at Dhaligoan near Bongaigaon in 1962. It is known as Bongaigaon Refinery and Petro-Chemicals Limited (BRPL).  The fourth refinery in the state was established at Numaligarh of Golaghat district in 1999, with a refining capacity of 3 million tonnes of oil and other products.

Government policies

The oil ministry has empowered state-run exploration firms ONGC and Oil India to choose customers for gas produced from small fields where output is less than 0.1 million standard cubic meters per day, which would reduce bureaucratic delays and help companies generate revenue expeditiously. Oil India Limited (OIL), a Government of India Enterprise, under the administrative set-up of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, is engaged in the business of exploration, production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas. The growing demand for crude oil and gas in the country and policy initiative of Government of India towards increased E&P  activity, have given a great impetus to the Indian E&P industry raising hopes of increased exploration. The government in order to increase exploration activity approved the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) in March 1997 which would level the playing field in the upstream sector between private and public sector companies in all fiscal, financial and contractual matters. There will be no mandatory state participation through ONGC/OIL nor there did any carry interest of the government.  

 

 

 

Tea: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

 

Tea is indigenous to India and is an area where the country can take a lot of pride. This is mainly because of its pre-eminence as a foreign exchange earner and its contributions to the country's GNP. In all aspects of tea production, consumption and export, India has emerged to be the world leader, mainly because it accounts for 31% of global production. It is perhaps the only industry where India has retained its leadership over the last 150 years. Tea production in India has a very interesting history to it. The range of tea offered by India - from the original Orthodox to CTC and Green Tea, from the aroma and flavour of Darjeeling Tea to the strong Assam and Nilgiri Tea- remains unparalleled in the world.

 

Resources

 

Assam is the largest producer of tea in India. Assam tea is well known for its distinct quality, especially for its strong liquor, rich taste and colour. Of the agriculture-based industries, tea occupies an important place in Assam. In Assam, tea is grown both in the Brahmaputra and Barak plains. Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon and Sonitpur are the districts where tea gardens are mostly found. Assam produces 51% of the tea produced in India and about 1/6th of thetea produced in the world. In 1970, the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre was established for better marketing of the tea produced in the region. This is the world's largest CTC tea auction centre and the world's secondlargest in terms of total tea. It now auctions more than 150 million kg of tea valued at more than Rs 550.00 crores annually. Tea industry has contributed substantially to the economy of Assam. About 17 percent of the workers of Assam are engaged in the tea industry.

Government policies

 

The Government of India has created a Special Purpose Tea Fund (SPTF) which is meant for rejuvenation of tea bushes. This will benefit about 700-800 tea gardens of the state. In an important policy decision – the Government has decided to secure a geographical indication for the tea produced in the state. ‘Assam Tea’ will be known as ‘Assam Orthodox Tea’ once the geographical indication is secured, thus making it an exclusive commodity and raising its stakes in the global market.

 

Plastic: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

Plastics are the most rapidly growing sector of the materials industry. The material is gaining notable importance in different spheres of activity and the per capita consumption is increasing at a fast pace. Continuous advancements and developments in polymer technology, processing machineries, expertise and cost effective manufacturing is fast replacing the typical materials in different segments with plastics.  Plastics play a very important role in our daily lives. Throughout the world the demand for plastic, particularly plastic packaging, continues to rapidly grow. India's plastics processing sector will grow from 69,000 machines to 150,000 machines by the year 2020. India's demand for plastics in irrigation alone is pegged to cross 2.5 million tonnes by 2015. Indian automobile industry is growing at more than 18% p.a. and is hungry for plastics. The plastics processing industry is a source of great potential for global businesses.

Resources

With the Assam Gas Cracker Project, also known as the Brahmaputra Crackers and Polymers Ltd (BCPL), due to come up by 2012, the Assam government has put its focus on promoting and attracting plastic-based downstream industries. For the state, coming up of downstream industries in large numbers as a result of the Gas Cracker Project would not only bring in large amount of investments, but would generate huge employment opportunities.

Government policies

The government has acquired 1,500 bighas of land in Tinsukia in upper Assam for setting up a plastic park, which would be the first in North-East. Bordoloi told Business Standard that the government would form a special purpose vehicle (SPV) in association with private players to implement the plastic park. He added that the SPV will be formed in two to three months. The government has already released Rs 10 crore for the park.

 

 

Power: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

The power industry is responsible for the production and delivery of electrical energy in sufficient quantities via a power grid. Given the demand for electricity is uniform across all domestic, industrial and commercial operations, power is viewed as a public utility and basic infrastructure. The electrical power industry is commonly split up into four processes, namely, electricity generation (e.g. power station), electric power transmission, electricity distribution and electricity retailing. In many countries, electric power companies own the whole infrastructure from generating stations to transmission and distribution infrastructure. For this reason, electric power is viewed as a natural monopoly and is thus heavily regulated.

Resources

Assam has made much improvement in power generation. It has a number of coal based thermal plants to produce electric power. There is no dearth of coal mines in the state. This ensures that the supply of coal to these plants is uninterrupted. In recent years, several thermal power plants in Assam are in operation. These have tackled most of the earlier problems. The Assam thermal plants are aiming to generate enough electricity for the entire state. Some of the major Assam power plants are: Namrup Thermal Power Station (NTPS).It is managed by the Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB). It has a power generation capacity of 134MW. The NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is investing more money in thermal power generation in Assam. Some of the upcoming Assam thermal power plants are Assam Power Generation Company Ltd., The existing Assam Thermal Power Plants are being expanded to help in the production of more electric energy.

Government policies

The Government is committed to ensure uninterrupted quality power supply by way of dedicated feeders from Grid Substation of Power distribution companies to all the Industrial Estates/Parks. Private Industrial Estates will be allowed to install Captive Power Plant to generate and distribute within such Industrial Estates/ Parks subject to provision of the Electricity Act, 2003 and rules there under. At the same time the State would encourage Private Power Generators to set up Power Plants. Assam is poised to have surplus quality power in the near future through the National Power Grid which is in advanced stage of implementation. Power sector in Assam has received the assistance from Asian Development Bank. Investment has been made in the sub-transmission and distribution sector. Power supply to Assam is ensured from Central Generating Stations owned by Corporations under the Government of India.

 

 

Cottage industry: Project Opportunities in Assam

Profile

A cottage is a farmhouse usually in rural areas. A cottage industry is a small self-help industry that is carried out in the home, community centre, parish hall or some other convenient place. Such industries are evident in handicrafts, catering, tailoring, dressmaking, beauty culture, retailing of dry goods, pottery and furniture making on a small scale. Cottage industries developed mainly out of the need for an additional source of income, because of the need to use one's spare time gainfully and because of the relative ease of acquiring the necessary raw materials to set up such industries.

Resources

Assam was traditionally famous for its cottage industry, especially spinning and weaving. Pat or pure silk production is essentially confined to Assam. Assam produces about 10% of total natural silk of India. Assam also produces Muga, the golden silk. Assam is also the main producer of Eri or Endi. Weaving is an important cottage industry of Assam. It is a traditional industry which can be traced back to very ancient times. There are about 7,00,000 looms in Assam, where majority are primitive foot looms. Only some looms of Sualkuchi, used for commercial production of silk cloth, are powered. Bell-metal work is a traditional cottage industry of Assam. The products made of bell-metal are traditional plates, cups, tumblers, pitchers, bowls, Sarai (a tray with a stand), dwarf pitchers, pots, hookahs and musical instruments. Brass-work is also an important traditional handicraft of Assam. Brass articles are produced not only for day-to-day use, but also for interior decoration. The total production of marketable finished goods annually is about300 tonnes.

Government policies

The Assam Preferential Stores Purchase Act, 1989 (to replace the Assam Preferential Stores Purchase Rules, 1972) enactment is aimed to encourage growth of industries in the State and to implement the Industrial Policy announced and published by the Govt. of Assam vide Notification No. CL 586/85 dated 24th December, 1986. Objectives of this enactment is to encourage small scale and cottage industries by preferential purchase of their products, to rationalize the procedure for purchase of stores required by the State Government, companies and undertakings, Small Industries, Khadi and Cottage industries registered under this Act shall be exempted from payment of earnest money and security deposit for items in respect of which the units are registered.

 

Tourism: Project Opportunities in Assam

Profile

Tourism has become an important industry in many countries of the world, both in the east and the west. Various initiatives are being taken by the Government and other organizations to promote tourism here.

Resources

Every year the number of visitors to Assam has been steadily increasing. The state has unparalleled tourist attractions like wildlife sanctuaries, adventure tourism, eco-tourism, hill stations, lakes and places of historical heritage. There are five national parks; Kaziranga, Manas, Nameri, Dibru- saikhowa, Orang and fifteen wildlife sanctuaries in Assam named; Gibbon, Garampani, Burachapari, Bornadi, Sonai-Rupai, Pobitora, Panidehing, Bherjan, Nambor, North-karbi-anglong, East-karbi-anglong, Laokhowa, Charkarasila, Marat-Longri, Nabbor-Doigurang, Borail and Amchang. The famous species of one horned rhino is found only in Assam. It has many Golf Fields and offers a huge potential in sports tourism. Assam's natural landscape, lush green forests, wild life sanctuaries, pilgrimage spots and tea gardens offer a wide choice to cater to the tastes of a variety of tourists from the casual sightseer to the adventure tourist. With the withdrawal of the Restricted Area Permit (RAP), tourism is poised for a major boom. 

 

Government policies

The Government of Assam came up with the Assam Tourism Policy2008 with the following objectives:

•        To place tourism sector on a high priority in the economic development of the state.

•        To harness tourism potentials to make it environmentally sustainable, socially culturally enriching and economically beneficial.

•        To create awareness and evolve suitable institution arrangement for effective participation of the people.

•        To improve quality of the existing tourism products.

•        To promote infrastructure of international standard.

•        To devise long term human resource development strategy.

•        Encourage Public-Private Partnership in tourism development.

The Assam Tourism Policy, 2008 has added to the enthusiasm amongst the entrepreneurs and has also attracted big players like Indian hotels Company Ltd (Taj group) to set up a 5 star hotel in Guwahati. Many more such projects are in the pipeline. Guwahati airport has emerged as one of the busiest airports in the country with almost all domestic airlines connecting Guwahati and other airports of the state virtually to most of the major metros of the country.

 

Agriculture: Project Opportunities in Assam

 

Profile

While most other states in India are gradually moving away from their traditional agriculture-based economy toward industry or service-oriented economy, Assam is still heavily dependent on the agricultural sector. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2009, about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.

Resources

Assam Agriculture is the primary sector in the state's economy. The socio-economic condition of Assam largely depends on its agricultural production.  Assam produces both food and cash crops. The principal food crops produced in the state are rice (paddy), maize (corn), pulses, potato, wheat, etc., while the principal cash crops are tea, jute, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, and tobacco. Although rice is the most important and staple crop of Assam, its productivity over the years has not increased while other crops have seen a slight rise in both productivity and land acreage.

Government policies

The Government of Assam in consonance with    the       National Agriculture Policy laid down few policy objectives in the Agriculture Sector. Those include:

·         The Agriculture and allied sector grows at the rate of 4 p.c. per annum for the next decade to provide food security and to improve the nutritional intake of the people of the State as well as significantly decrease the population below the poverty line.

·         To increase the productivity of all major crops, particularly that of rice, wheat, pulses and oil seeds.

·         To increase the cropping intensity in the sector through increase in irrigation facilities as well as giving a boost to mechanization in the State, to make it at par with the rest of the country by the end of the 10th plan.

·         To diversify into other crops, specially wheat, oilseeds, and partly pulses, as well as improve production of horticultural crops.

·         As the bulk of the population in the State lives in the rural area and most of the people are dependent on Agriculture and allied sectors for their livelihood, the Government sees this sector as the engine for growth of the economy in the long run and wishes to treat the Agriculture Sector as an area of maximum employment generation in the State.

·         Since the resources at the disposal of the State are limited, the endeavour will be to converge the resources available under various Government schemes like SGSY and PMGSY etc. to ensure that funds are spent keeping in view the long term growth of the Agriculture and Allied Sector in the State.

 

Waste management: Project Opportunities in Assam

PROFILE:

Waste utilization, recycling and reuse plays a major role in limiting resource consumption and the environmental impact of waste. Recycling is an integral part of any waste management system as it represents a key utilization alternative to reuse and energy recovery (Waste-to-Energy). Which option is ultimately chosen depends on the quality, purity and the market situation. Hazardous waste management is a new concept for most of the Asian countries including India. The lack of technical and financial resources and the regulatory control for the management of hazardous wastes in the past had led to the unscientific disposal of hazardous wastes in India, which posed serious risks to human, animal and plant life.

 

RESOURCES:

The Guwahati City generates over 300 MT of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) on a daily basis and has almost 639 Kms street length. Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC), which provides municipal services to 8.2 Lakhs citizens of Guwahati city, is desirous to select a suitable developer/ private operator to establish a viable & environmentally sustainable integrated municipal waste management system through a suitable mechanism to manage the collection, transportation, processing and disposal.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES:

National policy on waste management is set out in the October 1998 policy statement on waste management - Changing our Ways. It outlines the Government's policy objectives in relation to waste management, and suggests some key issues and considerations that must be addressed to achieve these objectives. The policy is firmly grounded in an internationally recognised hierarchy of options, namely prevention, minimisation, reuse/recycling, and the environmentally sustainable disposal of waste which cannot be prevented or recovered.

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Investment and Business Plans for Manufacturing of English Willow Cricket Bats. Business Opportunity in Sports Goods Industry

Introduction A cricket bat is a modified piece of equipment that batsmen use to strike the ball in the sport of cricket. It usually consists of a cane handle connected to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. A batter who is making their ground will do it to prevent being run out if they keep the bat and hit the ground with it. The bat must be no longer than 38 inches (965 mm) in length and no wider than 4.25 inches in width (108 mm). The first time it was seen was in 1624. Since 1979, a law has required bats to be made entirely of wood. Related Project: Production of Cricket Bat (English Willow) Manufacturing of English Willow Cricket Bats Willow wood and cane are used to make the cricket bat. The handle of the bat is made of cane, and the blade of the bat is made of willow. Willow wood has properties that allow it to absorb shock. When the ball is struck hard and quick, it is difficult to bat. The shock is absorbed by the willow tree. The production of cricket bats goes through many stages in order to produce the highest quality bats. Various steps in the production process are included, from planting willow trees to playing cricket on the field. Kashmir willow and English willow are the two major bat-making woods in India. Step 1:- Plating willow trees and cane: Wood is the most popular raw material used in the production of cricket bats. Willow wood is the most common wood used in cricket bat manufacturing due to its shock-absorbing properties. Wetland areas are where willow trees are grown. For the manufacture of the bat, mature trees are used. The average maturity age of a tree is 15 to 35 years. When trees are cut down for bat manufacturing. On the site where the old tree was cut down, two new trees were planted. The bat is made in an environmentally friendly manner. Planting cane is the next step. Cane is a perennial grass that belongs to the grass family. Cane is used in the production of cricket bats. The bat's handle is made of cane. Related Books: Wood, Bamboo, Coal, Lignin and Its Derivatives Step 2:- cutting trees: When willow trees are mature enough for processing, they are cut in the correct manner according to the guidelines and measurements of ice. After cutting down trees, the cut parts are given a shape. After that, the blades are stored in drying rooms to dry. This procedure takes six months to complete. The handle is made of cane and is held together with rubber and wood glue. Step 3:- assembling blades and handle: After cutting the trees and extracting the moisture from the cricket bat blades, the next step is to join the handle and blade. The handle is included in the blades, which are used to cut parts to a particular length. The blades are then given form by the staff who use the machines. This necessitates highly qualified personnel. Step 4:- shaping to shoulders and handle: Following the assembly of the cricket bat's handle and blades, the shoulders and handle of the bat must be formed. Fine pressing is used to form the shoulders and handles, and then the bat's handle is given a round shape. Related Videos: Business Ideas for Startups Step 5:- sanding: The sanding process begins after the bat has been shaped and mixed. This is a time-consuming process that involves a few paper evaluations in order to reach a satisfactory conclusion. Finally, brush sanders are used to achieve a beautiful smooth finish. Step 6:-Binding: Binding entails wrapping the bat's handle in the finest quality twine. The handle is made of the highest quality twine. The bat is assembled in a system that is operated by a foot treadle; the handle is rubbed with a stick and whipped with twine to ensure consistency at the join and along the handle's length. Related Projects: Miscellaneous Products, Projects Step 7:- polishing: After that, the cutting edge is finely polished with a compound wax that finishes and straightens the wood, leaving a glossy silk finish. A traditional wooden bat's surface is oiled with crude linseed oil before each game and during the season. This protects the wood and makes it less susceptible to moisture changes in the atmosphere, which could cause twisting or warping. Another important aspect is that it improves the surface rubbing of the ball against the bat surface, allowing for better chance management. The player can see a worn-out surface, indicating that re-oiling is needed. Raw linseed oil is used instead of bubbled linseed oil since the crude structure isn't a drying oil in the same way that bubbled linseed oil is, so the surface remains shabby. Step 8:- labeling, Gripping and knocking-in: The next step after such a procedure is branding. The sticker is stacked to the blade on the upper side of the bat, where the handle is positioned in the blade, for branding purposes. The different company stickers were stacked on the blade according to the matches. After marking, the rubber is wrapped around the bat's handle for a stronger grip. Knocking-in is a vital step in the bat manufacturing process that must be completed before the bat can be used. This strengthens the bat's blade. Related Projects: Wood and Wood Products, Plywood, Board, Particle Board, Wooden Furniture, Bamboo, Engineered wood, Forest product, Lumber, Tree, Wood drying, Wood plastic composite, Door, Window, Modular Furniture, Timber, Woodworking, Decorative Laminated Sheets Export Scenario In 2008-2009, industry exports were valued at approximately Rupees 585 crores, up from 320 crores in 2003-2004 at a rate of 14.7%, and it has risen to 2000 crores in 2016. With the country establishing the reputation of its products in the global market, India's share of the global sports goods exports market is expected to increase significantly. Inflatable balls and other sporting products have become a top foreign sourcing destination for international brands like Mitre, Lotto, Umbro, and Wilson in recent years. In addition to being original equipment manufacturers (OEM) suppliers for foreign sports brands, Indian sports goods manufacturers now export products under their own brand names. General exercise equipment became the category leader in the domestic export goods segment from 2007 to 2008, with a growth rate of more than 70%. Hammocks have become one of the most common export products, with a growth rate of 24.1%, and India being home to Asia's leading hammock manufacturers. Exports of inflatable balls increased at a rate of 10.6%. For Indian sporting products, the EU, America, and Australia are some of the most significant global export markets. India's largest export market is the United Kingdom; between 2006 and 2008, India exported US$ 38.4 million worth of sports and toy goods to the UK, an increase of 15.3%. In recent years, Indian goods have been exported for international sporting events such as the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where bladders made in India were used. Indian-made athletic boxing equipment was also used at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and the 2008 Beijing Olympics (2008). Related projects: - Project Reports & Profiles Market Outlook The Cricket Bat Market has seen substantial growth in recent years and is expected to continue to do so over the projected period. EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate that is used to make a wide variety of products. Cricket bats are usually made of white willow, which is widely used for cricket bat production due to its high shock-resistance and overall durability. The two most popular willow woods used to make cricket bats are English willow and Kashmir willow. Cricket bat manufacturers are mass-producing bats on a large scale as the sport grows in popularity around the world. Since its inception in England, cricket's popularity has grown and the game has spread rapidly. The game has grown in popularity and is now played in countries like Australia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Australia, as well as South Africa, Zimbabwe, and the West Indies. Related Books: - BOOKS & DATABASES Currently, the game has received significant sponsorship from other countries, including North America, with the United States and Canada, as well as the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Nigeria, Oman, Nepal, Hong Kong, and others, being recognised as Associates by the International Cricket Council (ICC). This is one of the major factors that is expected to lead to an increase in demand for cricket bats, which will boost global market growth. Sunridges, Gray Nicolls, and Kookaburra are some of the most well-known cricket equipment manufacturers in the world. Sanspareilles (SG) Greenlands is quickly establishing itself as a market leader, selling 350,000 cricket bats each year. SG has been exporting 35% of its cricket bats to other countries. Market Research: - Market Research Report The Indian sports goods market In 2017, the Indian sports goods industry was worth US$ 3,621 million. By 2024, the market value is expected to hit US$ 6,054 million, with a CAGR of 9.0 percent from 2019 to 2024. India is a significant market for sporting goods. In 2017, India's population was estimated to be around 1.3 billion people, accounting for roughly 18 percent of the world's total population. Furthermore, the young generation, which is the target customer base for sports and fitness goods, makes up a significant portion of the existing population (the age group 15-29 years represents more than a quarter of the total population of India). India's sporting goods industry has thrived for nearly a century, thanks to a professional workforce. Because of its labor–intensive existence, the industry employs more than 500,000 people. India's sporting products are well-known worldwide and have made a name for themselves in the global sports goods industry. Nearly 60% of the total production of the domestic industry is exported. Few Major Indian Key Players: • Adidas India Pvt. Ltd. • Hike Pvt. Ltd. • Nike India Pvt. Ltd. • Puma Sports India Pvt. Ltd. • Sanspareils Greenlands Pvt. Ltd. • Sporting & Outdoor Ad-Agency Pvt. Ltd. For More Details: https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-and-profile-details/Production%20of%20Cricket%20Bat%20(English%20Willow)
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Production of Steel containers (Cargo Containers). Best Profitable Manufacturing Business Idea in Shipping Industry.

Introduction There are three types of steel containers. Choose from new or used shipping containers, converted shipping containers, and purpose-built containers, such as flat packs. What you buy will be determined by what you want to store in it and where you intend to keep it. Steel storage containers are solid and stable, and they are cost-effective. You can expect several years of good service from the right container. They are the most durable of all steel storage containers, since they are designed to withstand wet weather and the weight of other containers stacked on top when being transported overseas. As a result, they are constructed of high-grade steel with a rust-resistant coating, thick floors, and heavy doors with rubber seals and solid locks. On construction sites, shipping containers make excellent storage containers for building materials, plant equipment, and tools. These containers are known as anti-vandal containers because they are difficult to break into or damage. They're also great for storing household furniture, but we suggest using a container that's newer or in excellent condition for this to protect any sensitive items from moisture damage. Related Project: Cargo Containers Steel Containers Types of Containers: Container units are the most important component of the entire shipping, commerce, and transportation industries. These shipping containers are structures that hold various types of goods that must be transported from one location to another using various types of container ships. Dry Storage Container: The most widely used shipping container is a dry storage container, which comes in a variety of ISO-standardized dimensions. They come in sizes of 20ft, 40ft, and 10ft and are used to transport dry materials. Flat Rack Container: These are simple storage shipping containers with collapsible sides that can be folded to create a flat rack for shipping a wide range of goods. Open Top Container: With a convertible top that can be removed entirely to create an open-top, materials of any height can be easily transported. Related books: Steel, Iron, Ferrous, Non-Ferrous Metals with Casting and Forging, Aluminium, Ferroalloys Technology Tunnel Container: Tank storage units with doors on both ends of the container are very useful for loading and unloading materials quickly. Open Side Storage Container: These storage units have doors that can be converted to fully open sides, allowing for even more space for material loading. Double Doors Container: They're a type of storage unit with two doors, allowing for more space for loading and unloading of materials. Steel, iron, and other construction materials are available in regular sizes of 20ft and 40ft. Refrigerated ISO Containers: These are temperature-controlled shipping containers that are held at a constant low temperature. They are only used to transport perishable goods such as fruits and vegetables over long distances. Insulated or Thermal Containers: These are shipping storage containers with a temperature control system that allows them to keep a constant temperature. The material selection is made in such a way that they can last a long time without being affected by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. They are well suited for long-distance product transportation. Related Videos: Steel and Steel Products, Iron and Steel, Ferrous Metals Products, Alloy Steel, Tinplate, Carbon Steel, Steel Mill, Forge Products, Mild Steels Projects Cargo Storage Roll Container: One of the specialised container units made for transporting sets or stacks of materials is a foldable container. They are made of dense, sturdy wire mesh and are equipped with rollers for easy movement. These shipping container units are made a bit more cheerful by the availability of a variety of coloured wire meshes. The Manufacturing Process Steel is the basic component of all shipping containers. It is the best option because it is extremely sturdy, malleable, resistant to corrosion, and simple to maintain. It's also a lot less heavy than iron. Steel goes through a number of steps before it can be used as a shipping container. Other materials include aluminium and fiber-reinforced polymers. Step 1: Cutting the Steel The production process begins with the unrolling of massive steel rolls. Cutting the roll into many pre-measured sheets with perfect precision is made possible by technologically advanced machinery that uses laser technology. To achieve the desired corrugated effect on the sheets, a metal stamping method is used. Step 2: The Cleaning Process: The steel sheet takes shape and size after the initial process. However, it must be prepared for the next stages of production. Sandblasting and priming are used to thoroughly clean the sheets. These procedures effectively remove any dirt and grime that has adhered to the metal sheets' surface. Step 3: Other components: When the sheets are being made, other critical components that make up the whole container will be manufactured at the same time. Wall and roof panels, floor braces, square tubing, corner frames and posts, and floor frames are among them. Related Projects: Steel and Steel Products, Iron and Steel, Ferrous Metals Products, Alloy Steel , Cold Rolling, Foundry , Hot rolling , Pelletizing , Rolling , Rolling Mill , Stainless Steel , Steel Mill , Tinplate, Carbon Steel, Forge Products, Mild Steels Projects Step 4: Assembling of all parts: The welding of wall panels, floor braces, and roof panels, among other things, is the first step in the construction process. The top of the wall is then welded to the square tubing, and the floor panels are put together to form the floor frame. The door assembly is then welded to the floor frame after this is completed. The corner assembly, corner posts, and wall panels are then mounted. A Jig is used throughout the assembly process to ensure straight and accurate fitting. Step 5: Fixing the door panel: Many of the joints are welded into place after the door frame is mounted. The door bar is attached to this robust framework, and the doors are secured to the floor frame. Finally, the container's wall and roof panels are welded together to complete the frame. India Set to Boost Containers Manufacturing: In the years leading up to the COVID saga, India's trade increased dramatically. The Hon'ble Prime Minister's ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat' or ‘Self-Reliant India' initiative resulted in an increase in manufacturing and development activities under the ‘Make In India' scheme, improving India's containerized exports. The country currently has about 1.5 million containers at its disposal, but this number falls well short of the new supply-demand gap. As a result, India stands at the crossroads of a golden opportunity to emerge as a major supplier of shipping containers for both itself and the rest of the world, in order to sustain its ambitious ambitions for a $5 trillion economy and to alleviate the ongoing container shortage. Related projects: - Project Reports & Profiles India has a large number of shipyards that, instead of sitting idle, could be used to produce containers. Indian steel companies are already preparing to take advantage of this opportunity to enter the market and begin production. Domestic involvement and government support will potentially lower the cost of obtaining containers from other countries, such as China, which produces around 90% of all shipping containers in the world. The Indian government was swift to recognize this gap and, with the aid of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, has already formed a committee to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing containers in Bhavnagar, Gujarat; a pilot project that has already begun. India's decision to improve container manufacturing, if scaled up well and in a planned manner, would not only minimise the shortage on major routes in and out of the country, but will also lower logistics costs within the country. Related Books: - BOOKS & DATABASES Market Outlook The global shipping container industry was worth $8.70 billion in 2019 and is expected to hit $12.08 billion by 2027, with a CAGR of 4.3 percent between 2020 and 2027. A shipping container is a sturdy container that can withstand transportation, storage, and handling. These containers vary in size from large reusable steel boxes for intermodal shipments to the popular corrugated boxes. Containers are a way of bundling freight and goods into large unitized loads that can be quickly handled, transported, and stacked in a ship or yard, similar to cardboard boxes and pallets. Aluminum and steel are the most common materials used. Each container's size and classification are in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization's standards and regulations (ISO). Container size, product type, end use, and area are all segments of the global shipping container industry. Market Research: - Market Research Report The shipping container industry is divided into three categories based on container size: small containers (20 feet), large containers (40 feet), and high cube containers (40 feet). Dry storage containers, flat rack containers, refrigerated containers, special purpose containers, and others are the different product types. Food and beverages, consumer goods, healthcare, manufacturing equipment, vehicle transportation, and others are the end-use categories. It is divided into four regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. Few Major Indian Key Players: • DCM Hyundai Ltd. • J.K. Technologies Pvt. Ltd. • AB Sea Container Private Limited • Techno-cap Equipments India Pvt. Ltd. For More Details: https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-and-profile-details/Cargo%20Containers%20%20Steel%20Containers
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Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Start Investing in Plastic Business. Ideas and Opportunities in Production of PVC Edge Band Tape.

Introduction: Edge banding, also known as edge banding, is a finish carpentry process and a narrow strip of material used to produce sturdy and aesthetically pleasing trim edges. PVC, which is created by combining, calendaring, vacuum moulding, and other methods, is the key component of PVC edge banding strip. Furniture, office, kitchenware, teaching equipment, and civil engineering are only a few of the industries that use our products. Related Book: - Detailed Project Profiles on Hi-Tech Plastic Products Thicknesses range from 0.3 to 3mm, and widths range from 12 to 80mm. Smooth surface, no blistering, no stretch marks, mild glossiness, flat surface and back, uniform thickness, consistent width, fair hardness, high elasticity, good quality, solid wear resistance, edge banding side colour is similar to surface colour after trimming. Uses of PVC: Edge banding is a thin material that is used to seal plywood's exposed and raw edges. On one side, heat sensitive adhesive is applied to the board, while the other side serves as a dirt and moisture barrier. When using Pressure Laminated and Melamine Cabinets, PVC edge banding is the most common choice. With the popularity of modern European cabinetry on the rise, cabinets with glossy or colourful finishes are becoming more common. Edge banding made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a thermoplastic resin that is both versatile and durable. Related Projects: - Plastics, Polymers and Resins, Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyester, PA, Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), Polyurethanes (PU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene (PE)Projects PVC bands can be used on almost any form of wood, but the thickness of the band can vary. To ensure strength and longevity, it is critical to use the appropriate band for the material. Kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, and office furniture may all benefit from edge banding. Edging will help the consumer adjust the design and look of the grain in the wood when used in wood projects. Edge bands provide a variety of functions for your furniture. First, it acts as a de facto seal on the edge of the core material, keeping moisture out. Second, by offering impact resistance, edge banding increases longevity and resilience. If you use solid wood edging, it may also contribute to the overabundance. Production Process: PVC Edge Band Manufacturing Process Steps: • Material Mixing And Batching • Extrusion • Sculpture • Cooling • Vacuum Calibration • Printing • UV Defence • Infrared Dryer • Final PVC Edge Band Rolling/Cutting Related Videos: - plastic products Heat tolerance, oil resistance, high hardness, abrasion resistance, and excellent bendability are all characteristics of PVC edge banding. The surface can be printed with different patterns, such as natural wood or some other wonderful design, and the surface can also be laminated or hot stamped with different patterns. The recycled PVC edge banding is environmentally friendly. It's widely used in beds, cabinets, doors, and windows, as well as office furniture, shelves, and machinery. Market Outlook: The PVC Edge Banding industry is one of the markets that has attracted a lot of attention from investors. In the coming years, the global PVC edge banding market is expected to expand. Edge banding is also one of the most effective and dependable methods for covering the raw edge of wooden panels used in new furniture. Market Research: - Market Research Report Due to technological advances and R&D activities, a variety of edge banding products, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood, and resins, are now available on the market. The booming construction sector, particularly in developing regions such as Asia Pacific, particularly in India, is expected to provide significant opportunities for the current edge banding materials market landscape players. Key Players: 1. OSLO Edge Band Tape 2. Fitch Italy PVC Edge Band Tape Manufacturer 3. Plastics sheets laminate pvc bord edge band tape 4. ANANT Edge Band Tape 5. Decolux Pvc Laminate & Edge Band Tape 6. PEGASUS EDGE BAND TAPE For More Details: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/rubber-plastic-industries-frp-products-polymers-pet-pvc-ldpe-hdpe-polypropylene-acrylic-polyutherthane-projects/z,,1c,0,a/index.html #DetailedProjectReport #businessconsultant #BusinessPlan #feasibilityReport #NPCS #entrepreneurindia #startupbusiness #ProjectReport #startup #projectconsultancy #businessopportunity #PVCEdgeBandTape #WoodenEdgebandTape #EdgebandTape #PlasticMarket #PlasticBusiness #PlasticProducts #PlasticProduction #PlasticManufacturing
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Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Profitable Business Opportunities in Production of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE).

Introduction: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a solid, tough, waxy, non-flammable synthetic resin made from tetrafluoroethylene polymerization. Teflon, Fluon, Hostaflon, and Polyflon are all trademarks for PTFE, which is known for its slippery surface, high melting point, and resistance to almost all chemicals. These properties have made it popular among consumers as a non-stick cookware coating; it is also used in industrial goods such as bearings, pipe liners, and valve and pump components. Related Projects: - Plastics, Polymers and Resins, Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyester, PA, Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), Polyurethanes (PU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene (PE)Projects Polytetrafluoroethylene, or PTFE, is an ivory-white, opaque plastic fluoropolymer with a wide range of applications. It's made by the free-radical polymerization of several tetrafluoroethene molecules and can be used in a variety of industries, including aerospace, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and telecommunications. PTFE is an extremely flexible material with a wide range of uses, but it's perhaps best-known for its non-stick properties. It's hydrophobic, non-wetting, high density, and resistant to high temperatures. Uses of PTFE: In the aerospace industry, PTFE is commonly used in the manufacture of carbon fibre composites as well as fibreglass composites. When debulking (vacuum removal of air from between layers of laid-up plies of material) and curing the composite, PTFE film is used as a buffer between the carbon or fibreglass component being installed and the breather and bagging materials used to encapsulate the bondment. The PTFE film prevents non-production materials from adhering to the component being made, which is sticky due to the carbon-graphite or fibreglass plies being pre-pregnant with bismaleimide resin. In hose assemblies, expansion joints, and industrial pipe lines, PTFE is frequently used as the liner, particularly in applications involving acids, alkalis, or other chemicals. Related Books: - Plastics and Polymers, Polyester Fibers, Pet & Preform, Medical, Expanded Plastics, Polyurethane, Polyamide, Polyester Fibers, Additives Because of its frictionless properties, it can better flow highly viscous liquids and be used in applications including brake hoses. The non-stick properties of PTFE have also been used in the dental industry to keep fillings from sticking together. Since it is anti-corrosive and non-reactive, PTFE is often used to make containers and pipes. This is helpful in laboratories where highly corrosive materials must be stored in glass containers. PTFE also has a higher tensile strength due to its carbon-fluorine bonds. PTFE can also be used as a computer lubricant. PTFE decreases friction, energy consumption, and pollution when used in this way. Because of its strength and heat resistance, PTFE is also used to make gaskets. It's also used in plumbing as a thread seal tape. PTFE is also used to insulate cables and connector assemblies because of its good electrical insulation properties. It's suitable for hooking up wire, coaxial cable, and printed circuit boards because of this. Manufacturing Process: Granular, dispersion, and fine powder types of PTFE are available. Due to its high melting temperature and melt viscosity, semi-crystalline PTFE is difficult to extrude and injection mould. As a result, PTFE processing is more similar to powder processing than conventional plastics processing. A water-based suspension polymerisation reaction produces granular PTFE. Compression moulding is often used to form the granular resin that results. Related Videos: - Plastics Projects PTFE dispersion products are produced in the same way, but with the addition of dispersing agents. Dispersion materials can be used for PTFE coatings or film casting can be used to make a thin film. An emulsion polymerisation reaction produces PTFE powder. The fine powder that results can be paste extruded into PTFE tapes, tubing, and wire insulation, or used as a corrosion inhibitor in other polymeric materials. Since the high melting temperature of 327 °C (621 °F) is higher than the initial decomposition temperature of 200 °C (392 °F), processing PTFE can be difficult and costly. Because of its extremely high melt viscosity, PTFE does not flow even when molten. Tiny amounts of comonomers such as perfluoro (propylvinyl ether) and hexafluoropropylene can be used to reduce viscosity and melting point (HFP). The otherwise perfectly linear PTFE chain becomes branched as a result of these, reducing its crystallinity. Market Outlook By 2022, the global market for polytetrafluoroethylene is projected to produce more than US$ 7 billion in sales, with demand estimated to be 247 thousand MT. PTFE is a common fluoropolymer that accounts for a large portion of the global market. It's a solid, versatile, non-resilient material with excellent chemical and thermal properties. It's also a great insulator over a large frequency and temperature spectrum. Market Research: - Market Research Report The fastest-growing market for PTFE is projected to be electronics and electrical. Because of its outstanding electrical insulation properties under extreme conditions such as high temperatures and aggressive chemicals, PTFE has a wide range of applications in the electronics and electrical end-use industries. The global polytetrafluoroethylene market is booming, thanks to rising demand from a variety of industries, especially the electrical and automotive industries. Key Players: • 3M • DUNMORE Corporation • Guarniflon S.p.A. • Jiangsu Taifulong Technology Co. Ltd. • Jiangxi Aidmer Seal and Packing Co. Ltd. • Lenzing Plastics GmbH and Co. KG • Markel Corporation • Ningbo Taifno PTFE Plastic Products Corporation • Nitto Denko Corporation • Rogers Corporation • Saint-Gobain • Technetics Group For More Details: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/plastics-polymers-resins-polypropylene-pp-polystyrene-ps-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-abs-polyethylene-terephthalate-pet-polyester-pa-poly-vinyl-chloride-pvc-polyurethanes-pu-polycarbonate-pc-polyethylene-pe-projects/z,,38,0,a/index.html
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Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Hemodialysis Blood Tubing

The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing in alarming proportion all over the world. In India due to lack of financial resources, lack of trained manpower & infrastructure leads to severe strain on existing health policies in the light of the increasing burden of CKD. Kidneys are probably the only vital organs which can be realistically replaced by artificial means. Maintenance dialysis is a well-recognized modality of treating patients having end stage renal disease. Several thousands of patients all over the world are surviving and achieving reasonable quality of life on maintenance dialysis. In India the first Hemodialysis facility was established in 1961 2 at the CMC Vellore; soon it was started at 3-4 major centers during that decade viz. CMC Vellore, KEM Mumbai, PGI Chandigarh & All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Over the last three decades many more dialysis facilities have been established in Government sector, in Charitable Trust run institutions & by Private Nephrologist. There has been persistent improvement in the numbers & quality of dialysis delivered over this period. Blood Tubing Sets for Hemodialysis designed specifically to connect patient with an external system that extracts blood of the patient to the dialyzer and reverts patient’s blood from the dialyzer. Consists of 2 Parts: Arterial and Venous line which are used during dialysis with attached fistula and dialyzer. Unique chambers are there which reduce foaming, increase air removal and do not trap EPO (Erythropoietin). This helps in ensuring secure machine fit and less incidence of wet out. Sets feature many practical improvements over than other competitor brands, especially as to internationalization of the components. To guarantee much safer and easier to use, sets in many configurations and specifications to meet customers' needs and fit all types of dialyzers and dialysis machines. With strict control over each manufacturing step, from granules formulation to final sterility assurance, ensures that Sunder Sets are of the highest quality. A single hemodialysis session in India with a new dialyzer can cost between 1800 and 3400 (versus 500 dollars in the USA), while a reuse session would cost between 1600 to 2700. The cost of single-use hemodiafiltration would range between 3200 and 4500. If there are no-cost constraints, HDF is a preferred option to conventional HD and most big dialysis units in India are progressively increasing the numbers of HDF machines (Nipro/Fresenius). In Dialysis unit, we have a total of 18 HD machines (14 for negative patients, 3 for hepatitis C patients, and 1 machine for hepatitis B or HIV) and 2 HDF machines. We have budgeted two more HDF machines for the current financial year. Market Trend: As kidney transplant is still an elusive procedure in India, most patients are put on hemodialysis. The driving force for the ever-increasing demand of dialysis equipment is the exponential rate of growth of non-communicable diseases like diabetes , obesity, and hypertension; and the continuous increase in the geriatric population (most likely to suffer from ESRD). India dialysis market was valued at USD 3.1 billion in 2017. The global kidney dialysis equipment market is touted to accumulate USD 16.5 billion at a stupendous 5.7 percent CAGR (compound annual growth rate) during the assessment period (2018–2023). Hemodialysis segment accounted for over 90 percent revenue share in 2017 and is projected to grow over the forthcoming years. In the center, dialysis accounted for more than 70 percent share in 2017. Market challenges: Consistent innovation in the dialysis equipment market is leading to the creation of complex systems that patients and clinicians are having trouble getting accustomed to. The greatest challenge is the lack of instructive training and ease of accessibility of the equipment. Currently, some players in the Indian dialysis equipment market include Fresenius, B Braun, Baxter-Gambro, and Nipro. At present, business in the Indian dialysis market is valued as USD 50.0 billion and is expected to grow further. One of the latest developments in the market is the proposed launch of a portable dialysis system by Medtronic. Such a machine will be easily transportable in rural India and will require less water, less treatment, and less technician expertise. As a whole there is a good scope for new entrepreneur to invest in this business. Few Major Players • Angi Plast Pvt. Ltd. • Fresenius Kabi India Pvt. Ltd. • Global Minetec Ltd. • Hemant Surgical Inds. Ltd. • Nipro Tube Glass Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 4000 Pcs Per DayPlant & machinery: 133 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:404 Lakhs
Return: 25.00%Break even: 55.00%
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Ayurvedic Pain Balm

Mother Nature is full of various plants popularly known as herbs. These harbors have various properties that very efficiently provide cure to various diseases like muscle pain, headache, back pain, joint pain, etc. These herbs are extracted in the form of oil in order to provide fast relief from pain. The herbal pain relief oil is manufactured using roots, stems, leaves of various species of plants. A balm is a concentrated, waterless moisturizer that delivers the oil directly to the skin. And because there is no water, there is no need for emulsifiers. Oils blend and beeswax thickens it up. The absence of water also means that balms do not require much preservative, because bacteria cannot grow without water. They are preserved with either essential oils and/or vitamin E. Balm is touted as a multipurpose product that may be used for a wide range of issues, especially pain. Here are some potential uses: • Toenail fungus: The active ingredient camphor may treat this type of fungal infection. However, this study was done using Vicks VapoRub, not Balm. • Back pain: The active ingredients camphor and menthol may help soothe this type of pain. • Common colds: Menthol may alleviate cold symptoms. • Congestion: A combination of menthol and eucalyptus may clear up congestion. • Flu-related symptoms: Menthol and eucalyptus may help aches associated with the flu. • Headaches: Menthol may provide relief. The addition of eucalyptus can also have pain-relieving effects. • Non-arthritic joint pain: Menthol and camphor may help treat this type of pain when it’s related to exercise and other activities. • Minor burns: Camphor and menthol may cool and soothe them. • Mosquito bites: Menthol may treat Trusted Source and repel these bug bites (but using a physical repellant, like bed nets, alongside menthol is best). • Neuropathy: Capsicum may alleviate neuropathic symptoms. Balm is used for local application for reducing pain and stiffness occurring due to various diseases. • Headache: Balm is a highly effective product that helps to obtain quick relief from a headache. It produces a soothing effect on the affected area and reduces the pain. The cooling action produced by ingredients present in this product helps to enhance its beneficial effect in reducing pain. • Common Cold: The common cold is an acute condition that causes a headache, running nose, congestion in the nose, and sneezing. Applying balm over the nose and the forehead can provide instant relief from these symptoms. The common cold is caused by a viral infection. The symptoms caused by this condition last for about 3 to 4 days after which they resolve spontaneously. • Neck pain: Cervical spondylosis is a common cause of pain in the neck. It also affects the movements of the neck and leads to the stiffness of the muscles in this region. Application of balm can provide relief from these symptoms. It produces a soothing effect in the affected area and reduces the discomfort. • Back pain: Balm can be used to get rid of back pain caused by sprain and lumbar spondylosis. It produces a soothing effect in the affected area and helps the patient move about freely without much discomfort. • Arthritis: Balm is useful in the treatment of joint diseases like arthritis. It can also be used for obtaining relief from the stiffness and pain in the small joints caused due to rheumatoid arthritis. The herbs present in this medicine produce a local anti-inflammatory action. This helps to reduce swelling and pain in the joints. • Shoulder pain: Pain and stiffness in the shoulders may occur due to the tear or minor injury in the ligaments or muscles in the region. Applying balm over the affected area can help to get rid of these symptoms. It produces a soothing effect and reduces pain and stiffness. • Muscle pain: Overexertion is a common cause of pain in the muscles. balm can be highly effective in providing relief from muscle pains. It reduces the pain and discomfort in a short duration of time. It also produces a soothing feeling over the affected part. • Strains and sprains: Balm can be used to get rid of the pain caused by strains and sprains. These are acute conditions often caused due to a sudden fall, twisting of the part of a body or a missed step. This may lead to a tear or injury to the ligament. The common parts of the body prone to strains and sprains are the ankles, neck, and the back. Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in India. The Indian wellness and ayurveda industries go hand in hand. Ayurveda is globally acclaimed for its preventive healthcare properties and treatment of many chronic lifestyle disorders. The Indian ayurveda industry has several large players, with the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) capturing 80% market share. Ayurveda is witnessing a resurgence in India because people have accepted this as a way of life as opposed to the earlier notion of ayurveda as an alternative area of medicine. The government set up the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) in November 2014 to promote the country's indigenous alternative medicines including education and research. Thus, due to demand it is best to invest in this project. Few Indian Major Players • Amrutanjan Health Care Ltd. • Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (Coimbatore) Ltd. • Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. • Ayusri Health Products Ltd. • Emami Ltd. • Heal Ayurveda Pharmacy Ltd. • Himalaya Drug Co. Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 13333 Bottles Per DayPlant & machinery: 15 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:293 Lakhs
Return: 32.00%Break even: 42.00%
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Chocolate Confectionery Plant (Milk Chocolate, Dark Chocolate, White Chocolate, Orange & Tangy Flavour Toffee, Citric Flavoured Candies & Chocolate Wafers)

Chocolate is a product that requires complex procedures to produce. The process involves harvesting coca, refining coca to cocoa beans, and shipping the cocoa beans to the manufacturing factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding. These cocoa beans will then be imported or exported to other countries and be transformed into different type of chocolate products. The chocolate and confectionery products industry has traditionally been subject to significant fluctuations in demand. Chocolate products tend to be seasonal in nature, with demand increasing sharply during the holidays. Consumers of all age groups prefer chocolate and confectionery products because of their attractive appearance and colour. In addition, several consumer trends have had an impact on demand. Now-a-days varieties of products have gained importance due to their delicious taste and better keeping quality. Chocolate, candy and gum are some of people’s best-loved treats. These sweets have been enjoyed around the world for thousands of years. Early man developed a taste for sweets by digging honey from beehives. Recorded history traces several types of actual candy to the Egyptians 3,500 years ago. Boiled candies were popularized in 17th century Europe. By the mid-1800s, more than 380 American factories were producing candy. Confectionery, gummies/jellies, hard candy, toffee and fudge. The main reasons for purchasing are convenience, passive health, age, choice and pleasure. The most popular flavour groups are brown flavours, fruit, nuts, mints & menthols and dairy flavours. The top 5 companies supplying confectionary are Cadbury, Nestle, Kraft, Lindt and Mars. Flavanols are the main flavonoids found in cocoa and chocolate. Research over the past decade has identified flavonoids as showing diverse beneficial physiological and antioxidant effects. Flavonoids are compounds also found in fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages such as tea, red wine, and grape juice. Chocolate is not high in cholesterol. Cocoa and its components (cocoa solids and cocoa butter) are not recognized as a source of Trans fat in the diet. Confectionary products include a wide variety of food items, like – milk chocolate, white chocolate, citric flavor candies, orange flavor candies, tangy flavor candies, hard sweets, fudge, toffee, milk tablet, liquorices, jelly candies, marshmallow peeps, marzipan sweets, divinity, chewing gum, etc. The preparation and manufacture of chocolate and confectionary products require hoards of raw materials. These include - basic food colours, blended food colours, lake colours, natural food colours, food chemicals, spray dried coated powder flavour, soft drink concentrates, baking powder, icing sugar, coco powder and natural gums. Chocolates are the favourite item of children. Its primary feature is that it is solid at room temperature of 20 - 25 deg. C and yet melts rapidly in the mouth at 37 deg. C giving a liquid, which appears smooth to the tongue. The toffee and candy are used after meal, dinners as smooth refresher. It drives away bad smell from mouth and refreshes the breath. Sometimes it causes good sensation while chewing. Chocolate wafer are usually enjoyed as a snack. The chocolate wafers product is more nutrient due to the addition of the flavor layers and the dried fruits, the multi-flavor chocolate wafer biscuit is more beneficial to intake of nutrition and calories for people. The chocolates market in India is estimated at around 45,000 tonnes valued at approximately Rs 15.0 bn. The counter market is estimated at about Rs 5 to 7 bn and the rest is made up of chocolate bars. Chocolates make up less than a fourth of the sweet-tooth products including sugar-boiled confectionery, mints and chewing gums. Sugar confectionery is by far the largest segment. To push sales, chocolate majors have been targeting adult clientele. Chocolates are being presented as snack food for the new target audiences. Another strategy sought was the introduction of smaller editions. Growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 25% Indian chocolate industry’s size is presently worth about 50 bn and is likely to cross Rs. 75 bn mark in the next couple of years while globally the chocolate industry is worth over USD 85 bn. Besides, India’s per capita chocolate consumption is having at about 100 gm & urban centres comprise 35% of the chocolate consumption in the country. Cocoa, specifically, the market size (volume) of cocoa was 3,455,622 metric tonnes in 2013 and is estimated to grow at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1 % from 2014 to 2019. As for the chocolate market, it is projected to grow at a CAGR of 2.3% from 2014 to 2019. By 2019, the world cocoa market is expected be worth about USD 2.1 bn, and the world chocolate market is expected to be worth about USD 131.7 bn. India chocolate market projected to grow at a CAGR of over 16% to reach $ 3.3 billion by 2023 with the country currently representing one of the world’s fastest growing markets for chocolates. Entrepreneurs who invest in this project will be successful. Few Indian Major Players • Gandour India Food Processing Pvt. Ltd. • Inbisco India Pvt. Ltd. • Joyco India Pvt. Ltd. • Lotte India Corpn. Ltd • Mondelez India Foods Pvt. Ltd. • Perfetti Van Melle India Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: Milk Chocolate:1,600 Kgs Per Day Dark Chocolate:1,600 Kgs Per Day White Chocolate:1,600 Kgs Per Day Oragne & Tangy Flavour Toffee:1,200 Kgs Per Day Citric Flavoured Candies:1,200 Kgs Per Day Chocolate Wafers:1,600Kgs Per DayPlant & machinery: 249 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:671 Lakhs
Return: 29.00%Break even: 54.00%
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Solar Panel

Solar panel refers either to a photovoltaic module, a solar thermal energy panel, or to a set of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output - an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. The technology behind solar is relatively old, despite their futuristic appeal, but while the basics are the same the efficiency of solar panels has improved greatly in recent years. It’s worth noting that solar panel suppliers often have two types of solar panels on offer: thermal panels and photovoltaic (PV) panels. The former are used only to heat water. The electricity produced by solar panels will be used to power any appliances currently in use within home. Any electricity which is not used will be sent to the grid. India has abundant solar resources, as it receives about 3000 hours of sunshine every year, equivalent to over 5,000 trillion kWh. India can easily utilize the solar energy. Today the Government is encouraging generation of electricity from various renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, small hydro, biomass by giving various fiscal & financial incentives. This apart, the state governments are procuring electricity from renewable energy projects at preferential tariff. Multiple solar cells in an integrated group, all oriented in one plane, constitute a solar photovoltaic panel or solar photovoltaic module. Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the sun-facing side, allowing light to pass while protecting the semiconductor wafers. Solar cells are usually connected in series in modules, creating an additive voltage. Connecting cells in parallel yields a higher current; however, problems such as shadow effects can shut down the weaker (less illuminated) parallel string (a number of series connected cells) causing substantial power loss and possible damage because of the reverse bias applied to the shadowed cells by their illuminated partners. Solar panels can be used to generate a portion of home’s power in order to reduce dependency on traditional power sources. For instance, install panels to provide electricity just for appliances or lighting, to reduce dependency on the utility company, as well as lower bill. Solar modules use light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells based on cadmium telluride or silicon. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. The solar contribution stood at 5.44% as of 2018. Major factors driving the market studied are the declining cost of the solar module and the government policies like allowing 100% FDI under automatic route for renewable power generation and distribution projects which is expected to increase the participation from global players into the Indian market. With government promoting the solar installation in rural area by providing subsidized solar panels and other incentive, the solar PV installation is ought to increase during the forecast period and is expected to drive the market. So far, only five CSP projects, namely, ACME solar tower (2.5 MW), Dhursar (125 MW), Godawari solar project (50 MW), Megha solar plant (50 MW), and national solar thermal power facility (1 MW) have started operations in India. Owing to factors, such as, huge capital expenditure, difficulty in securing land and water, and insufficient DNI data, other projects have been delayed. India solar power products market is projected to grow at a CAGR of more than 11% to surpass $ 7.6 billion by 2024 on the back of increasingly stringent policy and regulatory framework and rising environmental concerns. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has set a target of 100 GW of solar power generation capacity by 2022. To achieve the target, government has taken several initiatives in the form of offering subsidies, financial assistance, and incentives to manufacturers, power producers and even customers. The global solar panel market volume reached 155.5 GW in 2019. A solar panel, also known as a PV panel, is a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells that employ natural sunlight to generate electricity. It is made of several solar cells, manufactured using silicon, boron, and phosphorus, which are arranged in a grid-like pattern on the surface. The utilization of solar panels has increased across the globe as they do not lead to any form of pollution and their installation helps in combating the harmful emissions of greenhouse gases. Also, innovations in quantum physics and nanotechnology are projected to increase their effectiveness potentially. They are superior to conventional solar panels in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. They can also be integrated into almost any surface, which will further boost their applicability across various sectors. On account of these factors, the market to sustain positive growth over the forecast period (2020-2025). As a whole there is a good scope for new entrepreneur to invest in this business. Few Indian Major Players • Dhursar Solar Power Pvt. Ltd. • Divine Solren Pvt. Ltd. • Ind Renewable Energy Ltd. • Indira Power Pvt. Ltd. • Janardan Wind Energy Pvt. Ltd. • Kiran Solar One Pvt. Ltd. • Laxmi Agroenergy Pvt. Ltd.
Plant capacity: 33 KW per dayPlant & machinery: 181 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:668 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 48.00%
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Dextrose Saline

Normal saline (NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, about 300 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Aless commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline, neither of which is technically accurate. NS is used frequently in intravenous drips (IVs) for patients who cannot take fluids orally and have developed or are in danger of developing dehydration or hypovolemia. For medical purposes, saline is often used to flush wounds and skin abrasions. Normal saline will not burn or sting when applied. Saline is also used in I.V. therapy, intraveno supplying extra water to rehydrate patients or supplying the daily water and salt needs ("maintenance" needs) of a patient who is unable to take them by mouth. Dextrose (D-glucose, corn sugar, starch sugar, blood sugar and grape sugar) is by far the most abundant sugar in nature and occurs either in the Free State (monosaccharide form) or chemically linked with other sugar varieties. In the Free State, it occurs in substantial quantities in honey, fruits, and berries. As a polymer of anhydrodextrose units, it occurs in starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Sucrose is a disaccharide of dextrose and fructose. Commercial production of dextrose by hydrolysis of starch yields white crystalline sugars that are either anhydrous (C6H12O6) or hydrated (C6H12O6H2O). Dextrose hydrate with its one molecule of water of crystallization per molecule of sugar, separates from concentrated solutions at <50°C. Anhydrous D-glucose does not contain water of crystallization and separates at 50-115°C. Another anhydrous form, B-D-glucose separates, if crystallization is carried out at temperatures >110-115°C. • Dextrose solution is used during post-operative period when sodium extraction is reduced. • Dextrose solution with concentration of 10-15% is used as di-urietic for increase in urine flow. • Dextrose solution of 5% normal salmicis used for restarting fluid volume in circulation of an emergency as in accidents with raemdrrhage. • Saline solution is used when large amount of sodium has been lost by vomiting or by gastric or intestinal duodenal aspiration or through analimucationfistuala. • Dextrose monohydrate is used as supplement to cow's milk in part of feeding. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is expected to drive the growth of the market. It has been forecasted that cancer will rapidly increase by approximately 70% in the next few decades. As per the World Cancer Research Fund International, stomach cancer is one of the top 5 cancers with 952,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. These patients are ‘nil by mouth’ and have to rely on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for survival. Intravenous (IV) solutions are fluids which are intended to be administered to a patient directly into the venous circulation. These fluids are sterile fluids which protects patients at the time of serious dehydration. There are various type of IV solutions available for use in the market. Many companies manufactures packaged intravenous fluids or products or compounds which can be mixed with sterile water to prepare a solution for intravenous administration. The market for Intravenous (IV) Solution is expected to reach USD 11,511.2 million by 2022 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.69% during the forecast period 2016-2022. The factors which drive the growth of the market are the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, rising acceptance of vitamin C intravenous treatment therapy to treat colorectal cancer. Thus, due to demand it is best to invest in this project. Few Indian Major Players • Pfizer Healthcare India Pvt. Ltd. • Pfizer Ltd. • Pharmacia Healthcare Ltd. • Shree Krishna Keshav Laboratories Ltd. • Vikrant Pharmaceuticals Ltd. • Wockhardt Health Care Ltd.
Plant capacity: Dextrose Saline 500 ml Size:15,000 Bottles Per Day Dextrose Saline 1000 ml Size:15,000 Bottles Per DayPlant & machinery: 1148 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:1542 Lakhs
Return: 25.00%Break even: 44.00%
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Carbon Black

Carbon black is virtually pure elemental carbon in the form of colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. Its physical appearance is that of a black, finely divided pellet or powder. Its use in tyres, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings is related to properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and color. Carbon black is also in the top 50 industrial chemicals manufactured worldwide, based on annual tonnage. Current worldwide production is about 8.1 million metric tons. Approximately 90% of carbon black is used in rubber applications, 9% as a pigment, and the remaining 1% as an essential ingredient in hundreds of diverse applications. Carbon black is added to polypropylene because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which otherwise causes the material to degrade. Carbon black particles are also employed in some radar absorbent materials, in photocopier and laser printer toner, and in other inks and paints. The high tinting strength and stability of carbon black has also provided use in coloring of resins and films. Carbon black has been used in various applications for electronics. A good conductor of electricity, carbon black is used as a filler mixed in plastics, elastomer, films, adhesives, and paints. It is used as an antistatic additive agent in automobile fuel caps and pipes. The highest volume use of carbon black is as a reinforcing filler in rubber products, especially tyres. While a pure gum vulcanization of styrene-butadiene has a tensile strength of no more than 2 MPa and negligible abrasion resistance, compounding it with 50% carbon black by weight improves its tensile strength and wear resistance as shown in the table below. It is used often in the aerospace industry in elastomers for aircraft vibration control components such as engine mounts. Practically all rubber products where tensile and abrasion wear properties are important use carbon black, so they are black in color. Where physical properties are important but colors other than black are desired, such as white tennis shoes, precipitated or fumed silica has been substituted for carbon black. Silica-based fillers are also gaining market share in automotive tyres because they provide better trade-off for fuel efficiency and wet handling due to a lower rolling loss. Types of Carbon Black • Hard Blacks (synonyms: tread grades, reinforcing Carbon Black): a type of furnace Carbon Black having an average nitrogen surface area of 70 m²/g or greater. • Soft Blacks (synonyms: carcass grades, semi-reinforcing Carbon Black): a type of furnace Carbon Black having a nitrogen surface area in the range of 21 to 69 m²/g. Total production was around 8,100,000 metric tons (8,900,000 short tons) in 2006. Global consumption of carbon black, estimated at 13.2 million metric tons, valued at US$13.7 billion, in 2015, is expected to reach 13.9 million metric tons, valued at US$14.4 billion in 2016. Global consumption is forecast to maintain a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 5.6% between 2016 and 2022, reaching 19.2 million metric tons, valued at US$20.4 billion, by 2022. The most common use (70%) of carbon black is as a pigment and reinforcing phase in automobile tyres. Carbon black also helps conduct heat away from the tread and belt area of the tyre, reducing thermal damage and increasing tyre life. About 20% of world production goes into belts, hoses, and other non-tyre rubber goods. The balance is mainly used as a pigment in inks, coatings and plastics. Entrepreneurs who invest in this project will be successful.
Plant capacity: 167 MT per dayPlant & machinery: 2563 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project:8249 Lakhs
Return: 49.00%Break even: 25.00%
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  • One Crore is equivalent to ten million (10,000,000)
  • T.C.I is Total Capital Investment
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