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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 48
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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 48
(102015)
Project Profiles of below projects can be viewed/ downloaded from http://www.niir.org/profiles/
Rice husk is an agricultural residue easily available in rice producing countries. India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion & or by gasification. The rice husk contains about 75% organic volatile matter & the balance 25% of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in turn contains around 85%–92% amorphous silica.
Silica is one of the valuable inorganic chemical compounds. It can exist in gel, crystalline and amorphous forms. It is the most abundant material in the earth’s crust. Silica is the major constituent of rice husk ash. With such a large ash content & silica content in the ash it becomes economical to extract silica from the ash, which has wide market & also takes care of ash disposal.
Precipitated Silica (also called particulate silica) is composed of aggregates of ultimate particles of colloidal size that have not become linked in massive gel network during the preparation process.Precipitated Silica soluble silicate solutions are of fine controlled particle size & porous in nature. Precipitated silica powders have a more open structure with higher volume than dried pulverized gels.
Refractories are necessary in the metallurgical, cement, glass, and machine tools industries where kilns and furnaces are used for value addition process to materials. Dolomite refractories are currently in use in some countries such as China, France, England India etc. Dolomite refractories have wide applications in the steel industry where it is used in open hearth, basic oxygen converters and other steel refining systems.
Dolomite is environmentally friendly and can be used for the production of pure and extra low carbon steels. Dolomite that is ceramically bonded exhibit high hot erosion resistance. Good quality dolomite, with low silica content is thermo dynamically stable and has a significantly high heat sink characteristics. These qualities make dolomite refractorypreferable to silica, alumina and even magnesite chrome refractories. Dolomite mineral is a double carbonate of calcium and magnesium having the formula CaMg [CO3M4]. It is slightly hard, transparent, and forms rhombohedronas its typical crystal habit. Dolomite used for refractory purpose should be hard and compact with uniform texture containing very low percentages of iron, silica, alumina etc.
Reclamation of Used Engine Oil by Alkali Refining Process(Caustic Soda)
Huge amounts of used lubricating oils from automotive sources are disposed of as a harmful waste into the environment. The cost and availability of oil and its products will significantly impact our quality of life, the stability of our environment, the health of national economies and even the relationships between nations.
Now-a-days engine oil has become an important factor for automobile and other purposes and since the prices of all petroleum products have gone up, it has become extremely necessary to refine used engine oil which could be reused as original. Engine oil becomes contaminated with foreign material in service. In circulating systems, where a substantial quantity of oil is involved, it is desirable to maintain it as clean as possible to provide maximum working efficiency and to keep wear and damage of lubricated parts to a minimum.
Wheat is grown in most parts of the world, from near-arctic to near-equatorial latitudes. It is the most important crop among the cereals by area planted and is followed in importance by corn, barley and sorghum. The amount of wheat traded internationally exceeds that of all other grains. Furthermore, the protein and caloric content of wheat is greater than that of any other food crop. Most wheat is consumed in the form of baked goods, mainly bread; therefore, wheat grains must be milled to produce flour prior to consumption. Wheat is also used as an ingredient in compound feedstuffs, starch production and as a feed stock in ethanol production.
The purpose of the milling process is to break up the grains of wheat into flour (which comes from the Centre of the grain, or endosperm), bran (the skin of the wheat), and pollard (the dusty material created during the grinding process).Whole meal flour is a blend of flour, bran and pollard in the proportions in which they occur in the grain.Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. More wheat flour is produced than any other flour. Wheat varieties are called clean, white, or brown if they have high gluten content, and they are called soft or weak flour if gluten content is low. Hard flour, or bread flour, is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content, and has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked.The flour milling industry is growing tremendously with rapid speed and that gives the chance to new entrepreneur to establish their start up unit.
Garlic is one of the important bulb crops grown and used as spice and condiment throughout India. It possesses a high nutritive value and medicinal property. Allicin, the principle of garlic has antibiotic properties. The plant is a small herb and produces a group of small bulbs called cloves covered with a thin skin. The seed stalks bears both seeds and bulblets in the same head. However, seed is seldom used for propagation as the cloves are more commonly used.
Oil is one of the three major classes of food substances; the others are protein and carbohydrates. Garlic oils are naturally occurring esters of glycerol and fatty acids that have commercial uses, some oils are called trimester examples are triglycerides or simple glycerides. The physical and chemical properties of garlic oilsare determined to a large extent by the type of fatty acids in the glycerides. In all commercially important glycerides, the fatty acids are straight chain and nearly all contain even number of carbon atoms.
Garlic is taken orally to reduce high blood pressure, prevent heart disease and artherosclerosis, treat earaches, stimulate both the immune and circulatory systems and prevent cancer. Other applications include treating diabetes, arthritis, colds and flu, fighting stress and fatigue and maintaining healthy liver function. Garlic also contains protein and the B vitamins thiamin and riboflavin, and trace minerals such as zinc, tin, calcium, potassium, aluminium, germanium, selenium and of course, sulfur.
One of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time is the hotel industry. The hotel industry alone is a multi-billion dollar and growing enterprise. It is exciting, never boring and offer unlimited opportunities. The hotel industry is diverse enough for people to work in different areas of interest and still be employed within the hotel industry. This trend is not just in India, but also globally.
Modern hotels provide refined services to their guests. The customers or guests are always right. This principle necessitated application of management principles in the hotel industry and the hotel professionals realized the instrumentality of marketing principles in managing the hotel industry.
Hotel is an establishment that provides lodging and usually meals and other services for travellers and other paying guests. It provides paid lodging, usually on a short-term basis. Hotels often provide a number of additional guest services such as a restaurant, laundry, a swimming pool or child care. Some hotels have conference services and meeting rooms and encourage groups to hold conventions, functions and meetings at their location. Hotels are found in almost all the cities. Hotels operate twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. The principal factor that determines the guest attitude towards a hotel is service although other amenities such as room, food and beverages are of equal importance a tangible determinants.
Particle board is defined as a panel product manufactured from lignocellulosic materials, primarily in the form of discrete particles, combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable binder and bonded together under heat and pressure. The primary difference between particle board and other reconstituted wood products, such as wafer board, oriented strand board, medium density fiber board, and hard board, is the material or particles used in its production. The major types of particles used to manufacture particle board include wood shavings, flakes, wafers, chips, sawdust, strands, slivers, and wood wool. The term particle board sometimes is used generically to include wafer board and oriented strand board, which are manufactured primarily with wood flakes and wafers. However, for the purposes of this report, particle board pertains only to panels manufactured from a mixture of wood particles or otherwise from wood particles other than wafers and flakes.
Particle board provide an ideal base for a wide variety of surface treatments. Apart from clear finishes and paints these include wood veneers, high and low pressure laminates, papers, PVC film and fabrics. Particle board is cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them when appearance and strength are less important than cost. However, particle board can be made more attractive by painting or the use of wood veneers onto surfaces that will be visible. Though it is denser than conventional wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of fiberboard, except for insulation board. Medium-density fiber board and hardboard, also called high-density fiberboard, are stronger and denser than particle board.
Honey is a natural product produced by honeybees and consists of a very concentrated solution of a complex mixture of sugars, in which fructose and glucose are the main ingredients. It is the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers. It is also produced from blossoms or secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant sucking insects, however, honeybees collect transform and combine nectar with specific substances of their own, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Bees produce blossom honeys from nectar and honeydew honey from honeydew. Honeydew is the product of small plant sucking insects.
Honey is used as a flavoring agent in honey cakes and gateaux. Its flavor which is distinctive varies with the type of vector. The different flavors are the result of characteristic aroma of flowers from which the nectars are gathered. It is the comb-honey that is stored by the bees in the cells of the wax honeycomb. Honey removed from the honeycomb is by centrifugal force and thus honey called extracted honey. Honey is a functional food and has different biological properties such as antibacterial (bacteriostatic properties), anti-inflammatory, wound and sunburn healing, antioxidant, radical scavenging, anti diabetic and antimicrobial activities. Honey industry in the country can well become a major foreign exchange earner if international standards are met. Beekeeping is an age-old tradition in India but it is considered a no-investment profit giving venture in most areas. Of late it has been recognized that it has the potential to develop as a prime agri-horticultural and forest-based industry. Honey production is a lucrative business and it generates employment.
Waxes are among the oldest worked materials used by humans. Their value as versatile construction materials (man's first plastic) was discovered very early. Today, waxes are used mostly as additives and active substances. The use of waxes is expected to increase in the future because of their generally favorable toxicological and ecological properties.
The word wax usually refers to a variety of organic substances that are solid at ambient temperature but become free-flowing liquids at slightly higher temperatures. The chemical composition of waxes is complex, but normal alkanes are always present in high proportion and molecular weight profiles tend to be wide. The main commercial source of wax is crude oil but not all crude oil refiners produce wax. Mineral wax can also be produced from lignite. Plants, animals and even insects produce materials sold in commerce as wax.
(Decorative Paint & Acrylic Emulsion Paint)
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc. Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but dries into a solid.
The binder is the film-forming component of paint. It is the only component that must be present if the binder material is suitable for application. Many binders are too thick to be applied and must be thinned. The type of thinner varies with the binder. The thinner is also called the vehicle, because it makes it possible to transfer the binder to the surface with a brush, roller or sprayer. Components listed below are included optionally, depending on the desired properties of the cured film.
Paint is used to decorate, protect and prolong the life of natural and synthetic materials, and acts as a barrier against environmental conditions. Paints may be broadly classified into Decorative paints, applied on site to decorate and protect buildings and other objects, and Industrial coatings which are applied in factories to finish manufactured goods such as cars.
Paints contain: pigment(s) - prime pigments to impart color and opacity ;binder (resin) - a polymer, often referred to as resin, forming a matrix to hold the pigment in place; extender - larger pigment particles added to improve adhesion, strengthen the film and save binder; solvent (sometimes called a thinner) - either an organic solvent or water is used to reduce the viscosity of the paint for better application. Water-borne paints are replacing some paints that use volatile organic compounds such as the hydrocarbons which are harmful to the atmosphere; additives - used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or dry film.
Methyl isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)from Acetone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a colorless liquid with an odor similar to mothballs. MIBK is also known as 4-methyl-2-pentanone, hexane and isopropylacetone. While it is usually in liquid form, MIBK can change into a gas. MIBK will dissolve in water, alcohols, benzenes and ethers.
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) [CAS registry number: 108-10-1] is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)CH3. This colorless liquid, a ketone, is widely used as a solvent. MIBK is a colorless liquid with a characteristic ketone odor. It is highly flammable and vapors may travel to the source of ignition and flashback. It is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents and evaporates in air. It irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and in high concentrations leads to nausea, headaches, dizziness and unconsciousness. MIBK is a clear liquid with a sweet odor; the odor threshold is 1.64-mg/m3 (0.4 ppm). It is moderately soluble in water. MIBK can react violently with oxidizing and reducing agents. When heated, peroxides may form by auto-oxidation and may explode spontaneously
Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry ofnon-conventional energy resources, in early 1980s. India's cumulativegrid interactive or grid tied renewable energy capacity (excluding large hydro) has reached 33.8 GW, of which 66% comes from wind, while solar PV contributed nearly 4.59% along with biomass and small hydro power of the renewable energy installed capacity in India.
Fossil fuel reserves are diminishing rapidly across the world, intensifying the stress on existing reserves day-by-day due to increased demand. Not only that, fossil fuels, presently contributing to 80% of world primary energy, are inflicting enormous impacts on environment. Climatic changes driven by human activities, in particular the production of greenhouse gas emissions, directly impact the environment. Energy sector has a key role in this regard since energy during its production, distribution and consumption is responsible for producing environmentally harmful substances. A secure and accessible supply of energy is thus very crucial for the sustainability of modern societies. There is an urgent need for a quicker switch over of energy systems from conventional to renewable that are sustainable and can meet the present and projected world energy demand. Solar power is one of the most promising renewable. It is reliable and less vulnerable to changes in seasonal weather patterns. Hydrogen, in the capacity of energy vector, is expected to be the optimum solution for intermittency and storage of energy produced by renewable. Thus, coupled with hydrogen as an energy carrier, solar energy has a large potential to become the fuel of the future. The present study is aimed to explore such potential for India in 2025. India is expected to have a high growth rate in energy demand over the coming years due to its huge population and rapid economic development.
Parboiled rice, popularly known as ushna rice in boiled form. India contributes about one-third of the world acreage under rice. Rice is available in over 5000 varieties, of which Izong rice of Assam occupies a important position on account of its superfine grains, pleasant, fine cooking quality, sweet taste, soft texture. This article reviews the quality and traits of Izong rice, particularly the verities grown in different parts of Assam and North Eastern Region. Parboiling is preliminary to hulling in which the rough paddy is first soaked, then steamed and dried before removing the hulls. There are many advantage of parboiling the paddy. It reduces grain brakeage during milling, greatly improves the vitamins content and other nutrients in the polished rice grain, increases the oil content in the bran, and changes the cooking and eating quality of the rice an infestation during storage.
Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report on above projects can be had from NPCS
Download Monthly Issues of Entrepreneur India (an Industrial Monthly Journal on Industrial Development Technologies & Project Opportunities) fromhttp://www.niir.org/contact/entrepreneur.phtml
Our New Releases:
1. The Complete Book on Tomato & Tomato Products Manufacturing (Cultivation & Processing)
2. The Complete Book on Cold Storage, Cold Chain & Warehouse (with Controlled Atmosphere Storage & Rural Godowns)
3. Laghu V KutirUdyog (Small Scale Industries) 3rd Revised Edition (Hindi Language)
4. Herbal Cosmetics Handbook (3rd Revised Edition)
5. The Complete Book on Beekeeping and Honey Processing (2nd Revised Edition)
6. The Complete Book on Onion & Garlic Cultivation with Processing (Production of Onion Paste, Flakes, Powder & Garlic Paste, Powder, Flakes, Oil)
7. Best Businesses You Can Start with Low Cost
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