NIIR

Contents

1. MICROCONTROLLER-BASED DIGITAL CLOCK
Hardware
Time Signal generation
System flowchart
Parts List
Software

2. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT USING
TRANSISTOR AS SENSOR
Circuit operation
ADC parameters
Parts List
Construction
Calibration
Relay Controller
Caution

3. INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY LIGHT
Block diagram
Parts List
Circuit description
The intelligent switching section
The low-battery protection section
The inverter section
Construction
Calibration
Caution

4. LEAD-ACID BATTERY CHARGER WITH ACTIVE POWER CONTROL
The DC power supply section
The series DC voltage regulation section
The battery status indication-cum-charge current regulation section
Parts List

5. CAR BATTERY SYSTEM WITH REMOTE CONTROL
Remote control handset
The base unit
Parts List

6. MICROCONTROLLER-BASED ANNUNCIATOR SYSTEM
Basic requirements of an Annunciator Circuit
Circuit description
Parts List
Firmware
Assembly Language listing of Annunciator Circuit

7. NUMBER GUESSING GAME
The principle
Block diagram
Parts List
The circuit
High-frequency oscillator
Low-frequency oscillator
Random number counter
Trial number counter and display
100-pulse output circuit
Decoder and status display
Possible cases and their results
Case I : When the entered trial number is greater than the hidden random number.
Case II: When the entered trial number is less than the hidden random number.
Case III: During the subsequent entries of trial numbers.
CaseIV: When the entered number equals the hidden number.
Construction
Operation

8. SIMPLE DIGITAL CLOCK WITH HOURLY MUSIC
The circuit
Additional features
Hourly music
AM-PM indication
Parts List
Precautions

9. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Hardware interface
Software
How to write and run a logic program
Inputs
Parts List
Output
Up-counters
Down-counters
Timers
Real-time timer
Program commands
ser (series contacts)
par (parallel contacts)
ope (output energise)
opl (output latch)
opu (output unlatch)
tmr (timer)
ctu (up-counter)
ctd (down-counter)
rto (real-time output)
Example
Conclusion


10. DTMF REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM
Overview
Remote unit circuit
Master unit
Basic telephone line
Parts List
DTMF signaling
Inside MT8870
FM receiver
Integrated working of master unit
Telephone line interface circuit
Tone decoder
Displaying the dialed digit
Appliance on/off control unit
Tone delay circuit
The relay driver circuit
Power supply
Assembly and testing
Conclusion
Further enhancements

11. A VERSATILE PROGRAMMABLE TIMER
Block diagram
The circuit
Parts List
Operation
12. EPROM-CONTROLLED LIGHTING EFFECT GENERATOR
Parts List

13. DIGITAL FLOW-METER
Description
The sensor section for conducting liquids
Parts List
The sensor section for non-conducting liquids
The logic control section
Pulse generator
The switching section
Display unit using calculator
Display unit using 7-segment LEDs
Power supply
Construction
Testing, adjustment and precautions
As a flowmeter
As a stopwatch

14. MULTIPURPOSE ABSORPTION RATE METER FOR FABRICS
Design and working
Parts List
Circuit description
Measurement

15. AUTOMATED CAR PARKING SYSTEM
System overview
Parts List
Block diagram
The circuit
The sensor section
The sequence detection section
The counter-and-display section
The gate control section

16. SIMPLE 32-BIT RELAY CARD FOR PC'S PARALLEL PORT
The parallel port
Parts List
Programming the card
Description
Procedure to latch the new data
Driving the relays
Construction and installation
Program in C

17. INTELLIGENT WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
Digital display circuit
Controller circuit
Parts List 1
Power supply
Construction of sensors
A Unique Liquid Level Indicator
Parts List 2
Display circuit
Audio alarm unit

18. TWO-WIRE REMOTE CONTROL UNIT
Description
Master control unit
Slave units
Parts List

19. MGMA-A MIGHTY GADGET WITH MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS
Circuit
Oscillator
Counter and display
Parts List
Display controller and differentiator
Digit 9 decoder and aural indicator
Power supply
Construction
Applications
Strength-0-meter
Plant tender
Game of quick hands
Water-level monitoring
Measuring resistance
Checking and measuring capacitance
Testing a diode
Other utilities

20. MAKE YOUR OWN AUTOMOBILE STEREO
The preamplifier and FM radio
Power supply
The power amplifier section
Parts List
21. TRAFFIC AND STREET LIGHT CONTROLLER
The circuit
Part I Circuit
Parts List
Part II circuit
Calibration
Possible enhancements

22. PC-BASED PROGRAMMER FOR AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER
AT89C51 microcontroller
Programming the Flash memory
Programming algorithm
Ready/checking
Program verification
Erasing the chip
Programmer hardware
The parallel port
The software
Parts List
Programming the AT89C51
89C51PRG.H-HEADER FILE
89C51PRG.CPP- Source File

23. Z-80 BASED AUTO-RANGING LCD CAPACITANCE METER
Principle
Parts List
Interfacing LCD
Microprocessor interface for LCD unit
The circuit
Construction
Software for the interface
Capacitor find program
APPENDIX 'A'

24. VOICE RECORDING AND PLAYBACK
ISD1400 based device
Parts List
Voltage inputs VccA (pin 16), VccD (pin 28)
Ground inputs VssA (pin 13), VssD (pin 12)
Record ( pin 27)
Playback ( pin 24)
Playback ( pin 23)
Record LED ( pin 25)
Microphone input (MIC, pin 17)
Microphone ref (MIC REF, pin 18)
Automatic gain control (AGC, pin 19)
Analogue output (ANA OUT, pin 21)
Analogue input (ANA IN, pin 20)
External clock input (EXCLOK, pin 26)
Speaker outputs (SP+, pin 14; SP-, pin 15)
Address inputs A0-A7 (pins 1 through 6, pin 9, pin 10)
Operation
VP-1000A based device
Parts List
The circuit
Memory address expansion
Reset consideration
Record-and-playback circuit
Modifications for single-message playback only
Requirements for multiple-message playback, sequential control
Caution

25. PC-BASED DIAL CLOCK WITH TIMER
PC's parallel port
Hardware interface circuit
Software
Parts List
Operation
Source Program

26. ACCESS-CONTROL SYSTEM
Description
Keyboard and keyboard encoder
Data latches
Parts List
The memory
Code comparator
Alarm generator
MMV and lock driver
Construction
Operation

27. Z-80 BASED DEDICATED PROGRAMMER CUM EMULATOR
Description
The Circuit
Parts List
Software
Programming software
Procedure for programming
Destination
Number of bytes
Construction
Emulator
Tech Editor's Note
Z80 Assembly Language Program for EPROM Programmer
Test Program for Programming of EPROM

28. MORSE PROCESSOR
Hardware
Parts List
Firmware
APPENDIX 'A': 8085 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM LISTING
Control-key functions
Operating Procedure
Construction

29. MOFSET-BASED 50HZ SINEWAVE UPS-CUM-EPS
The circuit
Inverter control circuit
Parts List
Power output stage
Charger circuit
Under-over-voltage cut-out
Low-battery indicator
Battery deep-discharge cut-out
Reverse battery protection
Protection against no-load
Spike suppression
Back-up time
Charging resistance
Square/sinewave output selection
Output power
PCB and component layout

30. DIGITAL CAPACITANCE-CUM-FREQUENCY METER
The Principle
Capacitance measurement
Frequency measurement
Circuit and operation
The capacitance measurement mode
Parts List
Frequency counting
Calibration and testing
Precaution

31. FLUID-LEVEL CONTROLLER WITH INDICATOR
The circuit
Parts List
Sensor

Operation
Assembly and testing

32. AUTO CONTROL FOR 3-PHASE MOTORS
Circuit description
3-Phase sequence checker
Parts List
Auto-starter and current-sensing circuit
Motor on/off counter and latch
Motor on-off timer
Power supply
Construction and Testing
Caution

33. ELECTRONIC CENTURY CALENDER
Layout
Wiring
Jumpering procedure
Worked example

34. ELECTRONIC ROULETTE WHEEL
Block Diagram
The Circuit
Decaying frequency Oscillator
Parts List
Sequential output counter
Counter, decoder, driver, and display
Construction
How to play

35. AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT OF SUB-MICROSECOND PULSES
The circuit
Operation
Parts List
36. AUTOMATIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP CONTROLLER
K.C.Bhasin
ESP basics
Manual operation of ESP motor
The circuit
Precautions
Parts List

37. DIRECTIONAL MICROPHONE
Components List
The microphone preamplifier

38. THE STARTING MOTOR
Necessity for heavy conductors
Principle of operation
Speed and torque
Load and armature current
The series motor and its characteristics
Efficiency
Considerations affecting size of starting motor
Types of Starting Motor
Construction and Performance Details
The motor
Pre-engaged drives
1. Solenoid model 19S
2. Roller clutch model TSD
Drive engaging mechanism
Pinion
Inertia drives
Inertia Drive Starting Motors
Pre-Engaged Drive Starting Motors
Meshing
Demeshing
Overrunning clutch
Armature brake
Sliding Armature Starting Motors
Meshing
Demeshing
Multi-disc clutch
Sliding Gear Starting Motors
Meshing
Demeshing
Armature brake
Thermoswitches
Starting Motors with Intermediate Transmission
The Dynastart
39. THE BATTERY
The Lead-Acid Battery
Principles of operation
Chemistry of charge and discharge
Capacity and rate of discharge
Efficiency of a Battery
Battery Testing
The cadmium test
Essential test conditions
Battery Construction
The Battery Case
One-piece cover
Elements
Separators
Cell connectors
Terminal posts and terminals
Battery electrolyte
The Battery in Service
Steel-Alkaline Battery
Operation
Construction
Attention in service
Advantages
Silver-Zinc Accumulator
The Zinc-air Battery
Battery Charging
Location and Installation of the Battery in a Vehicle
Location
Mounting
Cable connections
Installation of motorcycle batteries

40. ELECTRICAL IGNITION SYSTEMS
Primary function of the electrical ignition device
The process of ignition
Battery Coil Ignition (Inductive Ignition System)
The ignition coil - contact breaker operation
Secondary voltage and spark energy
Construction of the ignition coil
The ignition distributor
Contact breaker
Dwell angle
The ignition capacitor
Spark Advance Mechanisms
The centrifugal advance mechanism
Vacuum ignition timing control
Manual adjustment
Electronic Ignition
The Lucas (TAC) Transistor Assisted Contacts System
The breakerless transistorised coil ignition system
Timing rotor
Pick-up module
Amplifier module
Other features
Operation
Installation
Mounting and location
Electrical connections
Radio interface suppression
Timing
Electronic tachometer
The Lucas 'Opus' electronic ignition system
The capacitor discharge ignition system (CDI)
Opto-electronic ignition

41. AUTOMOBILE LIGHTING AND SIGNALLING
Headlamps
Light sources
Automobile filament lamps
Gas-filled lamps
Tungsten halogen lamps
Intensity of a light source and its measurement
Unit of luminous flux
Illumination intensity
Brightness or Luminance
Flux of light method
Beam intensity
Reflector theory
Light formation
The Importance of Accurate Focusing and Aiming
Focusing
Aiming of headlights
Problem of headlight dazzle - Department of Transport Regulations
Some characteristics of the eye
Dazzle - Its Causes and Prevention
Anti-dazzle devices
Bifocal or double-filament bulbs
Setting of headlamps
Headlight Construction
The sealed beam unit
The European headlamp
The two-bulb two-reflector construction
Four-headlamp system
Automatic headlamp dipping and leveling
Auxiliary Lamps
Side lamps
Rear lamps
Trailer lighting
Boot light
Interior Lighting
Fluorescent Lighting
Ancillary Equipment
Application to Transport Vehicles
Signalling System
Direction indicators
Flashing light direction indicators hazard warning systems
The Lucas hot wire type flasher unit
The Lucas vane type flasher unit (Model 8FL)
Performance
Bulb failure indication
Operation
Installation
The Simms transistorised flasher unit
Special Purpose Beacons
Lighting and Signalling Regulations - British Standards
Obligatory rear lamps and reflectors
Regulations governing reversing lamps on vehicles

DIRECTORY SECTION

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