Textile industry is one of the few basic industries, which is characterised as a necessary component of human life. One may classify it as a more glamorous industry, but whatever it is, it provides with the basic requirement called clothes. Spinning is the process of converting cotton or manmade fibre into yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material. Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs.
The textile industry occupies an important position in the total volume of merchandise trade across countries. Developing countries account for little over two-third of world exports in textiles and clothing. It is the second largest employer after agriculture, providing employment to over 45 million people directly and 60 million people indirectly. The future for the textile industry looks promising, buoyed by both strong domestic consumption as well as export demand.
This book is based on the latest technology involved in textile industry, which describes the processes available at the spinning and fabric forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of wide ranges of products.
The major contents of the book are dyeing of textile materials, principles of spinning, process preparatory to spinning, principles of weaving, textile chemicals, yarn preparation, weaving and woven fabrics, knitting and knit fabrics, nonconventional fabrics, cellulosics, mixed fibers, printing compositions, printing processes, transfer dyes, transfer inks etc. It describes the manufacturing processes and photographs of plant & machinery with supplier’s contact details.
It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, textile mill owners, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of textile industry.
The Complete Technology Book on Textile Spinning, Weaving, Finishing and Printing (4th Revised Edition)
Author: NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers
Published: 2025
Format: paperback
ISBN: 9788178331638
Code: NI107
Pages: 528
$ 150
$ 55.62
1875
Publisher: Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually ships within 5 days
Contents
1. Textile Spinning
1.1 Classification of Spinning
1.1.1 Short Staple Spinning
1.1.2 Long Staple Spinning
1.1.3 Filament Spinning
1.2 Types of Spinning Processes
1.3 Spinning Process
1.3.1 Blending
1.3.2 Carding
1.3.3 Combing
1.3.4 Gilling
1.3.5 Drawing
1.3.6 Roving
1.3.7 Spinning
1.3.8 Winding
1.3.9 Assembly Winding
1.3.10 Twisting
1.3.11 Steaming
2. How to Start Textile Spinning Business
3. The Principles of Spinning
3.1 Long Fibre Spinning
3.2 Short Fibre Spinning
4. Different Spinning Process
4.1 Spinning Process Types
4.2 Cotton Yarn Spinning Overview
4.3 Understanding Yarn
4.4 Yarn Manufacturing Process
4.4.1 Step 1 – Ginning Process of Cotton
4.4.2 Step 2-Blowing
4.4.3 Step 3-Carding
4.4.4 Step 4-Combing
4.4.5 Step 5-Drawing
4.4.6 Step 6-Roving
4.4.7 Step 7-Spinning
4.4.8 Step 8-Winding and Spooling
4.5 Machinery and Equipment used in a Cotton Mill
4.6 Spinning of Wool Yarn
4.7 Wool Yarn Spinning Process
4.8 Types of Wool Spinning Machines
4.9 Spinning of Worsted Yarn
4.10 Mule Spinning
4.11 Ring Spinning
4.12 Process of Worsted Yarn Spinning
5. Plant Layout Description of Textile Spinning Unit
6. Textile Weaving
6.1 Different Type of Weaving
6.1.1 Plain Weaving
6.1.2 Satin/Sateen
6.1.3 Jacquard Weave
6.1.4 Leno or Gauze Weave
6.1.5 Pile Fabric Weave
6.1.6 Basket Weave
6.2 Principles of Weaving Process
6.3 Yarn Requirements
6.3.1 Warp
6.3.2 Weft
6.4 Weaving Preparations
6.5 Loom Timing
6.6 Weaving Machine
6.7 The Classification of the Weaving Machinery
6.8 Steps in the Action of the Insertion of Warp and Weft Yarns in Loom to Form a Fabric
6.9 Weaving Process
6.10 Types of Loom
6.11 Weave Patterns
6.12 What is Textile Weaving Machine?
7. How to Start Textile Weaving Business
8. Yarn Preparation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Winding
8.3 Warping
8.4 Slashing or Warp Sizing
8.5 Drawing-in and Tying-in
9. Plant Layout Description of Textile Weaving Industry
10. Textile Finishing
10.1 Types of Textile Finishing
10.1.1 Mechanical Finishing
10.1.2 Chemical Finishing
10.2 Some Requirements of Chemical Finishes Include
10.3 Factors that are Commonly Considered for Proper Formulation of the Chemical Finishes Include
10.4 The Finishes are Applied to
10.5 Routine Fabric Finishes
10.5.1 Singeing
10.5.2 Desizing
10.5.3 Scouring
10.5.4 Bleaching
10.5.5 Sizing/Stiffening
10.5.6 Degumming
10.5.7 Weighting
10.5.8 Tentering
10.5.9 Mercerization
10.5.10 Calendering
10.5.11 Carbonizing
10.5.12 Crabbing
10.5.13 Decating
10.5.14 Fulling/Milling
10.5.15 Heat Setting
10.5.16 Brushing
10.5.17 Shearing
10.5.18 Optical Brightening
11. How to Start Textile Finishing Business
12. The Principles of Finishing
12.1 Finishing Processes and Machines
12.1.1 Mending, Knotting and Burling
12.1.2 Scouring
12.1.3 Milling
12.1.4 Crabbing
12.1.5 Steaming
12.1.6 Dyeing
12.1.7 Washing-Off
12.1.8 Drying
12.1.9 Tentering
12.1.10 Brushing and Raising
12.1.11 Cropping or Cutting
12.1.12 Singeing
12.1.13 Pressing
12.1.14 Calendering
12.1.15 Schreincring
12.1.16 Filling
12.1.17 Conditioning
12.1.18 Waterproofing
12.2 General Notes
13. Plant Layout Description of Textile Finishing
14. Textile Printing
14.1 Origin of Textile Printing
14.2 Early Textile Printing Methods
14.3 Types of Textile Printing Methods
14.3.1 Block Printing
14.3.2 Roller Printing
14.3.3 Screen Printing
14.3.4 Heat Transfer Printing
14.3.5 Digital Printing on Fabric
14.4 Comparison between Dyeing and Printing
14.5 Textile Printing Process
14.5.1 Fabric Preparation
14.5.2 Selection of Printing Method
14.5.3 Preparation of Printing Paste
14.5.4 Printing Application
14.5.5 Fixation and Drying
14.5.6 Washing and After-Treatment
14.5.7 Finishing and Quality Control
14.5.8 Packaging and Dispatch
14.6 Importance of Textile Printing in the Fashion Industry
15. How to Start Textile Printing Business
16. The Principles of Designing and Colouring
16.1 Materials
16.2 Interlacing
16.3 The Use of Point-Paper
16.4 Colour
16.5 Figure Designing
17. The Dyeing of Textile Materials
17.1 Mordants
17.2 Assistants
17.3 Dyestuffs
17.3.1 Mordant Dyes
17.3.2 Acid-Mordant Dyes
17.3.3 Acid Dyes
17.3.4 The Direct Cotton Dyes
17.3.5 The Basic Colours
17.3.6 Dyes Applied by Special Processes
17.4 The Ingrain Dyes
17.5 Water Used in Dyeing
17.6 Interdependence of Processes
17.7 Processes Preliminary to Dyeing
17.8 Wool Scouring
17.9 “Boiling-off” Silk
17.10 Cotton Bleaching
17.11 Wool Dyeing Processes
17.12 Dyeing of Loose Wool
17.13 Slubbing (Silver)
17.14 Yarn Dyeing
17.15 Piece Dyeing
17.16 “Woaded Colours”
17.17 Blacks on Wool
17.18 Dark Blues, Greens, and Browns on Wool
17.19 Cotton Dyeing Processes
17.20 Fast Blacks on Cotton
17.21 Fast Colours on Cotton
17.22 Basic Colours on Cotton
17.23 Dyeing of Mercerized Cotton
17.24 Union Dyeing Processes
17.25 Silk Dyeing Processes
17.26 The Dyeing of Artificial Silk
17.27 Colour Matching
17.28 Fastness Properties of Dyes
18. Printing Compositions
18.1 Printing Pastes with Developing Dyes
18.1.1 Improved Base Printing Process
18.2 Formic Acid as Developing Medium for Azo Dyes
18.3 Auxiliary Agents in Print Formulations
18.3.1 Fixing Prints on Synthetics without Intermediate Drying
18.4 Hydroxyalkyl Carboxyalkyl Cellulose Thickening Agent
18.5 Sodium Cellulose Sulfate as Thickening and Acid-Fixing Agent
18.6 Additive for Pigmentary Printing Pastes
18.7 Salts of Diaryl Ether Sulfonic Acids
18.8 Carrier for Cationic Dyes
18.9 Dye Carrier Comprising Phenyl Cyclohexane and Derivatives
19. Printing Processes
19.1 Fixation
19.1.1 Fixation with Vapor of Organic Solvent
19.2 Dyestuffs for Methylene Chloride Fixation Processes
19.3 Improved Fixation of Reactive Dyes on Cellulose Fibers
19.3.1 Continuous Dyeing and Printing of Piece Goods
19.4 Printing Heavy Pile Fabrics with Powder Preparations
19.5 Improved Alignment of Printed Patterns
19.6 Uniform Heat-Setting of Continuous Synthetic Filament Groups
19.7 Voluminous Substrate Rolled up with Foramed Dye
19.8 Continuous Printing Process by Direct Liquid Film
Transfer
19.9 Method for Printing and Flocking Simultaneously
19.10 Sprayed Carriers for Continuous Print Fixation
20. Textile Chemicals
20.1 Indian Demand
20.2 Demand for Bleaching Agents
20.3 Textile Bleach Formulation
20.4 Industry Trends and Success Factors
20.5 Outlook and Opportunities
20.6 Fluorescent Whitening Agent
20.7 Usage Pattern
20.8 Industry Trends and Success Factors
20.9 Outlook and Opportunity
20.10 Flame Retardants
20.11 Halogenated Compounds
20.12 Non Halogenated Compounds
20.13 Application
20.14 Sector of Applications
20.15 Outlook and Opportunities
20.16 Bleaching Agents
20.17 Hydrogen Peroxide
20.18 Sodium Hydrosulphite (Hydros)
20.19 Sodium Hypochlorite
20.19.1 Application and Formulations
20.20 Bleaching Assistants
20.21 Chelating Agents
20.22 Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate
20.23 Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
20.24 Demand
20.25 Acrylates
20.26 Industry Trends and Success Factors
20.27 Pattern of Use and Formulation - Starch/Modified Starch
20.28 The Spin Finish Compositions for Polyester and Polyamide Yarn
20.29 White Oil
20.30 Industry Trends and Success Factors
20.31 Warp Sizes
20.32 Sector of Applications for Sizing Agents
20.33 Filament Yarns
20.34 Staple or Spun Yarn
20.35 Starch/Modified Starch
20.36 Demand
20.37 Polyvinyl Alcohol
20.38 Operations Involved in the Use of the Textile Chemicals
20.39 Classification of Textile Chemicals
20.40 Classification Based on Use Pattern
20.41 Group Classification
20.42 Yarn Lubricants
20.43 Spin Finishing Agent
21. Transfer Dyes
21.1 Anthraquinones
21.1.1 Anthraquinone Ink Formulation
21.2 Anthraquinone Dyes for Synthetics
21.3 Deep Yellow Colors on Polyesters
21.4 Indolenine Methines for Acid-Modified Synthetics
21.5 Heterocyclic Naphthalene Derivatives
21.6 Printing Polyacrylonitriles with Disperse Dyes
21.7 Disperse Dyes Containing Carboxylic Acid Groups
21.8 Hydrolyzable Silyl-Substituted Dyestuffs
21.9 Nitroacridone Dyestuffs
21.10 Heat Transfer Black Dyestuff A
21.11 Heat Transfer Black Dyestuff B
21.12 Dyestuff Combinations for Long-Pile Fabrics
22. Transfer Inks
22.1 Organic Base
22.1.1 Cationic Dyes in Organic Solvents
22.2 Carbinol Base of Cationic Dyestuff as Dyestuff Intermediate
22.3 Sublimable Dyestuff Base on Acid-Modified Fibers
22.4 Aqueous and Oil in Water
22.4.1 Oil-in-Water Transfer Printing Emulsions
22.5 Aqueous Preparations of Sparingly Soluble Dyestuffs
22.6 Organic-Aqueous Printing Inks
22.7 Water-Dilutable Transfer Ink Compositions
22.8 Dry Preparation
22.8.1 Dispersing Aid for Printing Ink Preparation
22.9 Hot-Melt and Hot-Stamp Inks
22.9.1 Hot-Melt Ink Composition
22.9.2 N-Methoxymethylated Nylon Copolymer for Hot-Stamp Ink
22.10 Others
22.10.1 Production of Transfer Paper by Rotary Screen Printing
22.11 Group 1
22.12 Group 2
22.13 Transfer Inks for Household Use
22.14 Inks of High Filler Content
22.15 UV-Curable Inks for Offset-Printing Transfers
23. Nonconventional Fabrics
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Nonwoven Systems and Fabrics
23.3 Chemically or Adhesively Honded Fabrics
23.4 Mechanically Bonded Fabrics
23.5 Tufting
23.6 Flocking
23.7 Laminated and Bonded Fabrics
23.8 Wet Adhesive Bonding
23.9 Foam-Flame Bonding
24. Synthetic Substrates
24.1 Anthraquinones
24.1.1 Nitroanthraquinones
24.2 Thiocyanomethyl-Substituted Anthraquinones
24.2.1 Tetra-a-Substituted Anthraquinone Derivatives
24.2.2 Trichromatic Dyeing of Polyacrylonitriles
24.2.3 Diverse Synthetic Substrates
24.3 Monoazo Dyestuffs
24.3.1 Water-Insoluble Monoazo Dyestuffs
24.3.2 Yellow Monoazo Dyes
24.3.3 N-b-1,2,3-Triazolylethyl Anilino Coupling Component
24.4 Mixture of Monoazo Dyestuffs for Polyesters
24.4.1 Monoazo Dye Mixtures for Navy Shades
24.5 Azo Containing Compounds
24.5.1 Water-Soluble Disazo Dyestuffs for Polyamides
24.6 Gold and Orange Prints on Polyamides
24.6.1 Bicationic Disazo and Trisazo Dyes for Acid-Modified Synthetics
24.6.2 Bisazo Dyestuffs of the 2,6-Diaminopyridine
Series
24.6.3 Heterocyclic Basic Phenylazophenyl Dyes for Polyacrylonitriles
24.6.4 Water-Insoluble Nitrophenylazophenyl Compounds
24.6.5 Having a 2-Nitro-4-Phenylsulfamoyldiphenylamine Nucleus
24.6.6 Azocoumarinic Dyes for Hydrophobia Synthetics
24.6.7 Cyanoaryl-Thiodiazole-Azo Dyestuffs
24.6.8 Dyestuffs Tolerant to Temperature and pH
Variations
24.7 Printing of Nickel-Containing Polyolefins
25. Natural and Synthetic Substrates
25.1 Anthraquinones
25.1.1 Sulfonic-Acid-Containing Anthraquinones for Polyamides
25.2 Polyfluoro Acid Anthraquinone Dyestuffs for Polyamides
25.3 Fiber-Reactive Anthraquinone Compounds
25.4 Aminoanthraquinone Reactive Disperse Dyes
25.5 Azo Compounds
25.5.1 Disazo Dyestuffs Containing Phenylmethane Sulfonic Acid and Indole
25.6 Naphthylene and Tetrahydronaphthylene-Containing
Azo Dyestuffs
25.7 Monoazo Dyestuff Containing Fiber-Reactive Group
25.8 Cold-Water-Soluble Acid Dye Compositions
25.9 Polyvalent Metal and Azo-Barbituric Acid
25.10 Anionic and Cationic Dyes
25.10.1 Fluid and Stable Dispersions of Anionic Dyes
25.10.2 Cold-Water-Soluble Solid Anionic Dye Preparations
25.11 Heterocyclic Cationic Dyestuffs
25.12 Water-Soluble Quaternary Ammonium Phenylazo Cationic Dyes
25.13 1,2,4-Benzotriazinium Dyestuffs
26. Cellulosics
26.1 Reactive Dyes
26.1.1 Organic Dye with Phosphonic Acid Monofluoride
26.2 Aminonaphthyl Azobenzene Vinyl Type Reactive Dyes
26.3 Phthalocyanine Reactive Dyestuffs
26.4 Water-Soluble Fiber-Reactive Dyestuffs
26.5 Disperse Dyes
26.5.1 Fixation with Aliphatic Alcohols, Amines, or Aminoalcohols
26.6 Azo Dyes Having Substituted 2,6-Diaminopyridine Coupling Component
26.7 Acylating Cellulose Fibers
27. Mixed Fibers
27.1 Polyester and Wool
27.1.1 Tone-in-Tone Dyeing of Polyester-Wool Blend
27.2 Cellulosics and Synthetic Polyamides
27.2.1 Marked Reactive Dyestuff
27.3 Swellable Cellulosics And Synthetics
27.3.1 Ethoxylated Condensate of Monocarboxylic Acid and Hydroxyalkylamine
27.4 Water-Soluble Solvent and Swelling Agent
27.5 Disazo Dyes Derived from Amino-Pyrazole
27.6 Unformed Disperse Dye and Swelling Agent
27.7 Cellulosics and Synthetics
27.7.1 Unformed Disperse Dye with Reactive Dye
27.8 Textile Treated with Epoxy-Group-Containing Compounds
27.9 Impregnation with an Aqueous Composition
27.10 Blends of Natural and Synthetic Fibers
27.10.1 Aqueous Composition of Disperse and Reactive Dyestuffs
28. Plant Layout Description of Textile Printing Industry
29. BIS Standards
30. Plant Layout and Process Flow Chart & Diagram
31. Photographs of Plant and Machinery with Suppliers Contact Details
• Double Roller Gin Machine
• Carding Machine
• Weaving Machine
• Airjet Weaving Machine
• Knitting Machine
• Circular Knitting Machine
• Rapier Loom
• Air Jet Loom
• Water Jet Loom
• Needle Loom Machine
• Textile Printer
• Textile Testing Equipment
• Dyeing Jigger
• Yarn Dyeing Machinery
• Textile Washing
• Spinning Machine
• Cone Winding Machine
• Cut and Loop Tufting Machine
• Speed Frame
• Comber
• Multi Cage Screen Stretching Machine
Sample Chapters
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