Which Crops Have the Highest Consumption of Pesticides in India?

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Which Crops Have The Highest Consumption of Pesticides In India ?

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The Crop protection industry is a significant industry for the Indian economy because, In India, nearly 65% of the workforce derives livelihood from agriculture and it contributes 18% to the GDP. In the process of protecting the crop industry, pesticides play an important role in Indian agriculture and it has shown a steady increase from the mid-fifties, both in the amount of consumption and in coverage. Pesticides are applied to protect crops from harmful pests, insects, fungus, bacteria, unwanted plants, weeds, and other crop-damaging pests. Globally, India is the fourth-largest producer of agrochemicals, after the United States, Japan, and China. Plant protection coverage increased to 200+ million hectares in 2019 and the number of pesticides rose to 200,000+ tonnes. Pesticides are used particularly in commercial and industrial agriculture to grow food and crops. An internationally big effort is made to the safe use of chemicals for the sound management of the chemicals. In this article, we list the crops that use the most pesticides in India and its key product types.

The key product type of pesticides is Insecticide, Herbicide, Fungicide, and Bio-pesticide. Insecticides are used to kill insects and dominate the industry with 65 percent of its consumption. Fungicides are used to control disease attacks on crops and Industry consumption is equal to 15 percent out of all pesticide types. Herbicides are used to kill unwanted plants and dominate the industry with 16 percent of consumption. Bio-pesticides that have 4% consumption among all available pesticide types are non-toxic, environment-friendly pesticides that used to manage invertebrate pests, plant pathogens, and weeds.

It is widely accepted and Bureau of Industrial Costs and Prices (BICP)’s analysis also confirms that cotton and rice are the major pesticides using crops in India and nearly one-third of the total pesticides used on the rice crop is consumed in Andhra Pradesh alone, the value of which at over 70 Crores per annum. In correlation of usage with Andhra Pradesh, the other states like Tamil Nadu, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, and West Bengal, UP, Punjab, Kerala, Haryana, and Rajasthan are also using high pesticides following Andhra Pradesh. Pesticide safety, its use, application technologies, and integrated pest management are some of the important strategies to minimize human exposure to pesticides.

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The following list will show the top 5 consumption of pesticides for various crops and the percentage of farmers consuming pesticides all over India:

Fiber Crops 65%
Fruits Crops 50%
Vegetable Crops 45%
Spices 42%
Oil Seeds 28%
Pulses 22%

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Understanding the Top Five Pesticides Application Percentage of Each Crop:

Cotton 93%
Paddy 88%
Wheat 4%
Millet 6%
Mustard 6%

Though crop losses due to pest attacks in India are reported to be very high compared to other countries, the intensity of pesticide consumption in the country is one of the lowest in the world in comparison to the world’s average of 3 kg per hector. The worldwide consumption of pesticides is about 2 million tonnes per year, out of which India’s share is less than 4 percent. The area under pesticide-use in India is only 9 percent of the total cultivated land.

The farmers are getting more aware of the use of pesticides, including organic farmers. Without pesticides, 70% of crops would be lost to diseases and pests. Pesticides help farmers to produce safe foods without quality compromise. Pesticides not only protect crops but also provide an abundance of nutritious which are necessary for human health. Fruits, vegetables, grains, and spices contribute vital results in the human body and it also extracts calcium, vitamin, and proteins for human development.

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Frequently Asked Questions:

Which Crops in India are known to have the Highest Consumption of Pesticides?
- The crops with the highest consumption of pesticides in India include cotton, rice, wheat, and vegetables like tomatoes, brinjal (eggplant), and okra (ladyfinger).
Why are these Crops Particularly Susceptible to Pesticide Use in India?
- These crops are susceptible to pests and diseases that can significantly reduce yields. To protect their crops and ensure good harvests, many farmers resort to the use of pesticides.
What are the Environmental and Health Implications of High Pesticide Use on these Crops?
- High pesticide use can lead to environmental pollution, harm non-target organisms, and pose health risks to farmers and consumers. It can also result in the development of pesticide-resistant pests and damage to beneficial insects.
Are there any Sustainable Alternatives to Reduce Pesticide Consumption in These Crops?
- Yes, there are sustainable farming practices like integrated pest management (IPM), organic farming, and the use of resistant crop varieties that can help reduce pesticide consumption while maintaining crop yields.
What Government Initiatives or Regulations Exist to Address the Issue of Pesticide Use in India?
- The Government of India has introduced various regulations and initiatives to promote responsible pesticide use, such as the Pesticides Management Bill, 2020, and the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). However, effective implementation and awareness among farmers remain important challenges.