Bio-Organic Fertilizer (B.O.F) is an organic fertilizer made from black tea wastes, which are found to be rich in Potassium, Phosphorus and Calcium by certain studies that were conducted. These nutrient contents in Bio-Organic Fertilizer make it more effective than other commercial fertilizers which contain high percentage of nitrogen that results in negative environmental impacts such as eutrophication of water bodies and contamination of soil etc.
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Therefore, it is believed that use of eco-friendly Bio-Organic Fertilizer can help farmers to achieve higher yields while retaining their lands fertility levels at moderate level due to its low N content; thus reducing input cost for farmer’s purchase of commercial fertilizers and decreasing financial burden on small scale farmers. The bioorganic fertilizer also has highest level of microbial activity than any industrial manures.
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Uses
Tea waste can be utilised to make bio-organic fertiliser that can be used in farming. Plant growth is aided by bio organic fertilisers, which improve soil structure and crop yields. Fruit trees, vegetables, ornamentals, turf grasses, and field crops are all examples of applications. Green manures are a type of cover crop used to improve the soil quality on farms. Green manure suppresses weed development by shadowing it, while others contribute nutrients to soils or increase legume nitrogen fixation. Bacteria on the roots of legume plants transform atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is beneficial to plants.
Manufacturing Process
Manufacture of tea waste, The process begins with roasting and drying a certain quantity of tea leaves in special drum dryers. This produces Carbon Dioxide and Black Carbon that is used for making black tea. The carbon residue produced during drying is captured as Bio Organic Compound (BCO) which can be further utilized as Bio organic fertilizer. This organic residue contains Phosphorous, Potassium, and Nitrogen, Phosphate and several other essential minerals and trace elements.
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Further treatment gives rise to Bio Organic Fertilizer or Bio NPK Fertilizer from BCO. direct use of Tea waste in manufacturing bio organic fertilizer so it goes to landfills without getting any utilization value out of it even though it has huge production potential for manufacturing bio organic compound by converting into biogas or compost through aerobic decomposition.
Market Outlook:
The global biofertilizers market size was USD 1.60 billion in 2020. The market is projected to grow from USD 1.79 billion in 2021 to USD 3.98 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 12.03% in the 2021-2028 period.
Amplifying demand for organic products is leading to the increasing adoption of biological fertilizers. Higher recognition and acceptance of the product among farmers based across developed as well as developing economies are positively influencing the market.
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The rising soil and water pollution due to excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is further fueling the adoption of organic and sustainable fertilizers. Moreover, the active participation of agricultural producers in ramping up their production of agricultural biological, such as bio-origin fertilizers, is predicted to boost the market growth. This market is projected to witness continuous growth during the forthcoming years due to the rising demand for fertilizers that are compatible for sustainable and organic farming and agriculture practices. These fertilizers are an economical as well as eco-friendly option for crop production; hence, their adoption is rising across the globe. Moreover, other aspects, such as improvement in soil fertility, increase in nutrient uptake by plants, and low risk to human health associated with the use of bio-based fertilizers, are some of the factors driving the market growth.
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Indian Fertilizer Market Trends:
India is one of the top producers of agricultural products, such as pulses, wheat, rice, groundnut, potatoes, and onions. With the continuous population growth and the increasing demand for food crops, the demand for fertilizers has escalated in the country. In addition, with the increasing levels of urbanization and decreasing arable land, farmers are rapidly utilizing fertilizers to improve their production in India. Moreover, the Government of India is implementing initiatives and providing subsidies to produce high-quality seeds and cluster frontline demonstrations through Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs), which is propelling the demand for fertilizers.
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For instance, various programs undertaken by the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) are increasing the food productivity. They also reduce the imports of fertilizers, which is facilitating the production of domestic fertilizers in India. Furthermore, governing bodies are offering the necessary support to the farmers through diversified schemes and introducing new technologies to develop enhanced fertilizers at subsidized rates, which is positively influencing the market growth. Looking forward, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period (2021-2026).
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