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Coal and Coal by Products, Coal Tar, Coal & Coke, Fossil Fuel, Charcoal, Carbon Black, Coal Washing, Coal Mining Projects

Coal continues to play a major role in the economic development of a country, especially in metallurgical industries and conventional power generation plants. Coal is highly variable with respect to the physical and chemical properties that affect its use. Industries that use coal specify a range of properties that are required for their intended process. Coal suppliers try to find coals that most closely match those requirements. For effective utilization of high ash coals, it is necessary to beneficiate them. Coal is treated in processes called beneficiation to prepare a material that meets the customers needs and is as homogenous as possible. Therefore, coal beneficiation, i.e., the separation of particles low in ash from those high in ash, is likely to return great economic, technical, and environmental benefits.

Coal is the dominant energy source in India, accounting for more than half of the country's requirements. 70% of India's coal production is used for power generation, with the remainder being used by heavy industry and public use. Domestic supplies satisfy most of India's coal demand. India had 2009 coal production of 557.57 million tonnes, 6.2% of the world total. The world's major producers are China, the USA, India, Australia, Russia, Indonesia and South Africa. India is the world's third largest coal consuming nation after China and the USA. Although India is a major producer of coal, it produces only limited quantities of coking coal needed by its steel plants.

In a bid to break the public sector monopoly over coal, the government is seeking to introduce legislative changes allowing for private mining, whilst liberalizing norms for the allocation of captive blocks permitting trading of coal. The government is contemplating the allocation of captive blocks for setting up washeries in the private sector. Captive block holders would also be permitted to sell their coal on the open market. The current legislative requirements permit private-sector investment only for the limited purpose of setting up coal washeries and captive mining for specified end-uses, including setting up power plants, fertilizer and steel units.

Coal tar, a byproduct of coal is a brown or black liquid of high viscosity, which smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tars are complex and variable mixtures of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds which are produced when coal is carbonized to make coke or gasified to make coal gas.

Carbon Black is also an important industrial raw material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil. It is a form of amorphous carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, although its surface-area-to-volume ratio is low compared to that of activated carbon. Carbon black is used as a pigment and reinforcement in rubber and plastic products and is in the top 50 industrial chemicals manufactured worldwide, based on annual tonnage. Approximately 90% of carbon black is used in rubber applications, 9% as a pigment, and the remaining 1% as an essential ingredient in hundreds of diverse applications.

India’s mining sector will continue to post impressive over the forecast period driven by strong domestic demand. The long-term prospects of the sector like that of the Indian economy remain very positive.

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Vacuum Distillation of Crude Coal Tar(SPECIFICALLY CREOSOTE OIL) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study

Vacuum distillation is the distillation process of separating liquids boiling above 150°C at 1 atm from Nonvolatile impurities. Another liquid is boiling at least 25°C higher than the first. For vacuum distillation of crude coal tar, (specifically creosote oil), the crude coal tar is produced from coke ovens of steel plant, 50% of this crude coal tar in pitch. Coal tar is essentially the thick & black viscous liquid which is obtained by the carbonization of coal, and is a by product in the ordinary manufacture of coal gas. It should be differentiated from all the other forms of tar. Its composition varies enormously according to the mode of its formation in the gas or coke works. Properties: Coal tars are by-products of the destructive distillation (carbonization) of coal to produce coke or gas. The composition and properties of a coal tar depend primarily on the temperature of the carbonization and to a lesser extent on the nature (source) of the coal used as feedstock. In general, coal tars are complex combinations of hydrocarbons, phenols, and heterocyclic oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Coal tars typically are black or almost-black viscous liquids or semisolids with a characteristic naphthalene like odor. They are slightly soluble in water, partially soluble in acetone, carbon disulfide, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, and sodium hydroxide, and soluble in benzene and nitrobenzene. Low-temperature coal tars (formed at temperatures below 700°C) are black, viscous liquids that are denser than water and contain a lower percentage (40% to 50%) of aromatic compounds than high-temperature coal tars. Coal tars are highly flammable and corrosive, and toxic gases may be released when they burn. Their vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Uses & Applications:Coal tars and coal-tar pitches have many uses in industry and in consumer products. Coal tars are used primarily for the production of refined chemicals and coal-tar products, such as creosote, coal-tar pitch, and crude naphthalene and anthracene oils from the distillation of crude coal tar. Coal tar has been used as a fuel in open-hearth furnaces and blast furnaces in the steel industry, as a binder and filler in surface-coating formulations, and as a modifier for epoxy resin surface coatings. Coke oven pitch is used to produce pitch coke, which is used as the carbon component of electrodes, carbon brushes, and carbon and graphite articles. Distillation fractions and residues from high temperature coal tars are used for road paving and construction and in the production of naphthalene, recovery of benzene, production of anthracene paste, briquetting of smokeless solid fuel, impregnation of electrodes and fibers, and manufacture of electrodes and graphite. Market Scenario: The downstream markets of coal tar mainly include coal tar deep-processing (phenol, anthracene, industrial naphthalene, and coal tar pitch), carbon black, substitute for heavy oil and exportation. Among these applications, coal tar consumption for deep processing ranked No.1 with 66.4% of the total consumption volume in 2009, followed by carbon black raw oil sharing 28.1% of the total. During 2005-2011, China's coal tar deep processing capacity increased from 5.4 million tons to 16.35 million tons, with a CAGR of 20.3%. From 2010 to Q1 2012, the capacity of the coal tar deep-processing projects planned or construction totaled 8.50 million t/a.
Plant capacity: Creosote Oil 1875 MT/Annum,Phenolic or Carbolic Oil 300 MT/Annum,Naphthalic Oil 900 MT/Annum,Wash Oil 600 MT/Annum,Light Oil 75 MT/Annum, Medium Soft Pitch 3750 MT/AnnumPlant & machinery: 149 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: 323 Lakhs
Return: 26.00%Break even: 33.00%
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Bitumen Emulsion - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Layout

Bitumen is defined as “A viscous liquid, or a solid, consisting essentially of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which is soluble in trichloro-ethyelene and is substantially nonvolatile and softens gradually when heated. It is black or brown in colour & posseses waterproofing and adhesive properties. It is obtained by refinery processes from petroleum, and is also found as a natural deposit or as a component of naturally occurring asphalt, in which it is associated with mineral matte. Bitumen emulsion is one kind of speciality chemicals, which has large commercial uses as coating materials in the road construction and many other construction fields. It is also used as sealing material for the different type of laminated paper. Bitumen is available in the nature also and it is the byproduct of petroleum distillation plant or coal carbonization plant. Uses Most bituminous binders are used in the construction of roads. These are viscous semisolids at normal temperature. Therefore these require to be brought to a fluid state by heating, by dilution with solvent or by emulsifying before being applied in thin film. Use of emulsions facilities not only flows at atmospheric temperature but also application to damp road surfaces and wet aggregates. Bitumen emulsions are dispersions of very fine bitumen particles in an aqueous medium. They are easy to handle and find a wide application in road construction and maintenance; soil stabilization; grouting; tack coating; surface dressing;crack filling; seal coating; premixing; dust laying and in various other special circumstances where cold application of bitumen is desirable. The bitumen market was valued at USD 71.44 billion in 2013 and is likely to reach USD 93.38 billion by 2020, expanding at a CAGR of 3.9% during the forecast period from 2014 to 2020. In terms of volume, the global demand for bitumen stood at 108,348.9 kilo tons in 2013. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest. Few Indian Major Players are as under • Art Infra Solutions Pvt. Ltd. • B G H Exim Pvt. Ltd. • Bitchem Asphalt Technologies Ltd. • Hemi Petro Products Ltd. • Hindustan Colas Ltd. • Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd. • Kochi Refineries Ltd. • Modern Road Makers Pvt. Ltd. • Ojas Technochem Products Ltd. • Stanpacks (India) Ltd. • Tinna Rubber & Infrastructure Ltd.
Plant capacity: 50 MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs 143 Lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project :Rs 372 Lakhs
Return: 28.00%Break even: 54.00%
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Coal Washery Unit

Coal Washing Unit is one of the most important units for up-gradation of Coal in sense of fed value by reducing of ash content in the Coal. It is basically associated with sieve of position to get the quality Coal. Qualities of coal depend upon its ash content.Coal washing is a process of separation mainly based on differences in specific gravity of coal and associated impurities like sand, ash etc. The course will deal theoretical and practical aspects of coal washing processes and equipment. Coal demand in 2020 is unlikely to be anywhere near 1,500 MT for domestic coal. The Government of India plans to achieve a domestic coal production target of 1.5 billion tonnes by 2020–an ambitious growth from 2015’s production of 612.4 million tonnes. At present 8% of coal production is through underground mining technology. If CIL has to produce even 900 MT by 2020. Thus, due to demand it is best to invest in this project. Few Indian major players are as under • Godawari Power &Ispat Ltd. • Indo Unique Flame Ltd. • Kartikay Coal Washeries Pvt. Ltd. • Kohinoor Steel Pvt. Ltd. • M S P Steel & Power Ltd. • Maruti Clean Coal & Power Ltd. • Patnaik Steels & Alloys Ltd.
Plant capacity: Coal Washing (Job Work) : 3000MT/DayPlant & machinery: Rs 668 lakhs
Working capital: -T.C.I: Cost of Project: Rs1735lakhs
Return: 12.00%Break even: 68.00%
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Naphthalene from Coal Tar & Petroleum Waste

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. Naphthalene is the most abundant single constituent of coal tar, a volatile product from the destructive distillation of coal, and is also formed in modern processes for the high-temperature cracking (breaking up of large molecules) of petroleum. It is commercially produced by crystallization from the intermediate fraction of condensed coal tar and from the heavier fraction of cracked petroleum. The substance crystallizes in lustrous white plates, melting at 80.1°C (176.2°F) and boiling at 218°C (424°F). It is almost insoluble in water. Naphthalene is highly volatile and has a characteristic odour; it has been used as moth repellent. Naphthalene is a class of an organic compound with chemical formula C10H8. It is considered as the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white solid chemical that sublimes easily. Naphthalene is manufactured commercially from either coal tar or petroleum; majorly it is produced from coal tar across the globe. Naphthalene is used in the manufacturing of phthalic anhydride and also used in mothballs. Additionally, it is used as surfactant & wetting agent, plasticizer, and pesticide in numerous end use industries such as building & construction, agriculture, household cleaning, textile and others. The global naphthalene market is categorized into five regions, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Middle East & Africa. The Asia Pacific region is predicted to grow with the fastest CAGR during the review period, (2016 to 2023) on account of expansion of numerous end use industries such as building & construction and agriculture among others.
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: -
Working capital: -T.C.I: -
Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Low Ash Metallurgical Coke Plant

Metallurgical coke is made from low ash, low sulfur bituminous coal, with special coking properties, which is inserted into ovens and heated to 1000F to fuse fixed carbon and inherent ash and drive off most of the volatile matter. The final product is a nearly pure carbon source with sizes ranging from basketballs (foundry coke) to a fine powder. Metallurgical coal is a special type of coal used to make metallurgical coke. There are two types of metallurgical coal used to make coke: hard coking coal and semisoft coking coal. According to Grande Cache Coal, these types of coal are ideal for coke because they melt, swell and re-solidify when placed into a superheated furnace. These types of coal also have low levels of impurities. A third type of metallurgical coal, PCI, is sometimes used in steel or iron making to replace more-expensive coke, indicates Grande Cache Coal. There has been rising demand for metallurgical coke from the iron, steel and power generation industries. Metallurgical coke is formed by destructive distillation of a special blend of bituminous coal in the absence of air or oxygen. In order to produce metallurgical coke, the coal is heated into ovens at specific temperature to produce low sulphur, low phosphorus coke. Metallurgical coke is used for applications which requires high quality, tough and highly resistant form of carbon. One of the major challenge faced by the global metallurgical coke market is the use of substitutes such as oils, plastics amongst others as replacement for reducing agent and fuel for the iron and steel production plants. Additionally, there has also been increase in use of materials such as recycled tires or waste tire as an additive with coal for the manufacture of metallurgical coke. The global metallurgical coke market is anticipated to be dominated by Asia Pacific region with China leading the market both in terms of production and consumption. India is also anticipated to witness sound growth in demand for metallurgical coke owing to the rapid growth in the iron and steel industry in the country.
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: -
Working capital: -T.C.I: -
Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Smokeless Coke/Soft Coke (De-Carbonised)

Smokeless fuels do not produce smoke when burned. Smokeless fuels are usually solid fossil fuels, such as: anthracite, coke, and charcoal. Coke and charcoal are produced, respectively, through heating bituminous coal and biomass (e.g. wood) in the absence of air. Features: • High level of purity • Accurate composition • Environment-friendly
Plant capacity: -Plant & machinery: -
Working capital: -T.C.I: -
Return: 1.00%Break even: N/A
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Information
  • One Lac / Lakh / Lakhs is equivalent to one hundred thousand (100,000)
  • One Crore is equivalent to ten million (10,000,000)
  • T.C.I is Total Capital Investment
  • We can modify the project capacity and project cost as per your requirement.
  • We can also prepare project report on any subject as per your requirement.
  • Caution: The project's cost, capacity and return are subject to change without any notice. Future projects may have different values of project cost, capacity or return.

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