| Water | To make up to desired concentration |
Other amines are also quite satisfactory such as :
diethyl ethanolamine
2-amino, 1-butanol
2-amino, 2-ethyl, 1, 3-propanediol
2-amino, 2-methyl, 1, 3-propandiol
Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
Other fatty acids which may be used are :
| Stearic | Soya |
| Palmitic | linseed |
| Myristic | tall oil |
"A-C" Polyethylene 629 may also be emulsified with potassium or sodium soaps. Borax may be used in combination with amine soaps.
Cationic Emulsions
(Wax to Water Method)
| No. 9 | No. 10 | No. 11 | No. 12 | No. 13 | No. 14 |
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| "Armac" T | 8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| "Armac" HT | - | 8 | - | - | - | - |
| "Armac" C | - | - | 8 | - | - | - |
| Acetic Acid | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| "Ethomeen" | 18-12 | - | - | 8 | - | - |
| "Alro" Amine O | - | - | - | - | 7 | - |
| "Alro" Amine S | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Water | To make up to desired concentration |
Several formulations are included in the following pages to illustrate some of the ways "A-C" Polyethylene 629 may be used. Many variations will be immediately apparent to the experienced formulator. However, it is strongly recommended that the basic laboratory emulsification procedure described in the preceding section should be tried before modifications are made.
Heavy Duty Floor Polish
"A-C" Polyethylene 629 in combination with a resin and a leveling agent gives a dry-bright floor polish which has high gloss, water resistance, and exceptional durability. The formulations using "Ubatol" 2003 as the resin and "Durez" 15546 as the leveling agent are suggested as high quality industrial polishes.
The emulsions and solution are prepared separately to 15% total solids and blended.
"A-C" Polyethylene 629 Emulsion
| "A-C" Polyethylene | |
| 629 | 40 parts |
| Oleic Acid | 6 |
| Morpholine | 7 |
| Water | 254 |
Resin Emulsion I
| "Ubatol" 2003 | |
| (40% total solids) | 100.0 |
| Dibutylphthalate | 3.3 |
| "KP" 140 | 2.6 |
| Water | 201.0 |
Mix together at room temperature the dibutylphthalate, "KP" 140, and the "Ubatol" 2003. Stir the mixture moderately for one-half hour. Then add the water and stir a few minutes.
Resin Emulsion II
| "Resyn" 78-3021 | |
| (35% solids) | 100 |
| Water | 133 |
Leveling Agent Solution
| "Durez" 15546 Resin | 30 |
| Ammonium | |
| Hydroxide (28%) | 5 |
| Water | 165 |
Heat water to 185°F., add one-half of the ammonum hydroxide, and with good agitation add the "Durez" 15546. Temperature should be maintained at 185-190°F. Add the remainder of the ammonum hydroxide and stir until solution of the "Durez" 15546 is obtained.
The following are the polish proportions.
Formula No. 1
(For Buffability)
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | |
| emulsion | 5 |
| Resin Emulsion 1 to 11 | 4 |
| "Durez" 15546 solution | 6 |
No. 2
| (For Scuff Resistance) | |
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | |
| emulsion | 4 |
| Resin Emulsion 1 to 11 | 7 |
| "Durez" 15546 solution | 4 |
The finished product is obtained by blending the desired amount of leveling solution with the wax emulsion. Recommended proportions are 25 or 30 parts of leveling solution to 75 to 70 parts of emulsion. For greater water resistance ammonia cut resins may be used. Best leveling and gloss in this formulation are obtained with borax cut resins particularly "Shanco" L-1001.
These proportions may be varied considerably to bring out the qualities most desired by the formulator. Increasing the A-C Polyethylene emulsion improves polishability and film flexibility. Increasing the resin and the leveling agent improves the hardness and dirt pick-up. Excellent leveling is attained with these three components over a wide range of proportions.
Another suggestion for a heavy duty floor polish is as follows :
No. 3
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 30 |
| "Beckacite" PX361 | 30 |
| Oleic Acid | 9 |
| Morpholine | 9 |
| Water | 382 |
Melt wax, resin and oleic acid with agitation until all the resin is dissolved. Cool to 257°F. Add morpholine and hold at 257°F. Add wax mixture at 257°F. with agitation. Agitate while cooling to room temperature.
Add 70-80 parts of the wax emulsion to 30-20 parts of the leveling solution.
High Shellac Floor Polish
The following formula is representative of a good, high Shellac type dry-bright polish containing "A-C" Polyethylene 629.
Borax Cut Shellac Solution Shellac, Bleached dewaxed
| 108.75 |
| Borex, 5 Mol | 21.50 |
| Water | 709.75 |
| 840.00 |
In the heated kettle, raise the temperature of the water to 160°F, and add the borax with stirring. Continue stirring and heating and add the shellac in granular form. Stir until solution takes place, cool the bath and make up to weight for loss of water due to evapoation.
"A-C" Polyethylene 629 Wax Emulsion
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 90 |
| "Durez" 219 Resin | 30 |
| "Neofat" 42-12 | 12 |
| 2-Amino-2-methyl-I-propanol | 12 |
| Water | 706 |
| 850 |
Finished Product
| Borax Cut Shellac | |
| Solution | 65 |
| Wax | 35 gal. |
| 100 |
Carnauba Base Floor Polish
This polish will serve to demonstrate the value of "A-C" Polyethylene 629 in a high wax type dry-bright formulation. The polish dries to a hard, flexible film of excellent gloss and good levelling. A relatively small amount of "A-C" Polyethylene 629 is used, resulting in gloss and leveling superior to straight carnauba base polishes. Preparation of a typical formulation containing 15% total solids is as follows :
Wax Emulsion
| Carnauba | 30 |
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 10 |
| Oleic Acid | 7 |
| Morpholine | 6 |
| Water | 260 |
Leveling Agent Solution
| "Shanco" L-1001 | 30 |
| Borax, 5 Mol | 13 |
| Water | 244 |
Heat water to 194°F., add the borax with agitation until dissolved. Maintaining the temperature at 194°F., add the Shanco resin and stir until the solution is achieved.
No. Rub Polishes
| Formula | No. 1 | No. 2 | No.3 | No.4 | No.5 |
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| "PE"-100 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 15 | - | 15 |
| "Petronauba" C | - | - | - | 15 | 15 |
| "C-700" or "C-1035" | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| "Durez" 219 | 41 | 41 | - | - | - |
| Carnauba No. 3 | | | | | |
| NC Ref. (Pure) | - | - | 55 | - | 55 |
| Carnauba No. 1 Yellow | - | - | - | 55 | - |
| Oleic Acid | 4-6 | 4-6 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Triethanolamine | 4 | - | - | - | - |
| Morpholine | - | 2-2.5 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| KOH (85%) | 2 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ammonia Water (26-28%) | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| Borax | 3 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Water | 750 | 750 | 800 | 800 | 800 |
Formulas No. 1 and 2 are produced by the "wax to water" system of emulsification as follows :
Melt the waxes, "A-C" Polyethylene 629 and resin at temperatures up to 350°F. cool to 250°F and add the oleic acid with agitation. When the temperature reaches 205 to 210°F., add the KOH and borax (no borax in formula 2) in a hot saturated solution followed by the TEA. Cook for 20 minutes at 205 to 210°F. (for formula No.2, add the KOH solution and cook for 15 minutes; add the morpholine followed by the ammonium hydroxide with equal parts of hot water, and cook for an additional 5 minutes). Pour the wax-mix (205-210°F) into one half of the water at 205 to 210°F. with rapid agitation. Add the remaining water (cold) while cooling to room temperature.
These formulations should be free from scum and sediment. Formula No. 2 will have excellent water resistance; and both formulas will give very high gloss, good buffing properties, good slip resistance, and long wear with a minimum of discoloration. Excellent leveling can be obtained with 20% of a leveling resin solution. These formulations are stable at high solids concentration and will have good stability with high concentrations of leveling resin. "Ubatol" polystyrene can be added to these emulsions with good results.
The procedure for manufacturing formulas 3, 4 and 5 is as follows :
Melt the waxes, "A-C" Polyethylene 629 and oleic acid together and bring the temperature to 205 to 210°F. Add the morpholine followed by the borax in a hot saturated solution with agitation. Begin adding half of the water (205 to 210°F.) slowly until the emulsion inverts to the "oil in water" type. The remaining hot water and cold water can be added to a rapid rate. Cool to room temperature with slow stirring.
Silicon Furniture Polish
Formula No. 1
| Silicone Fluid | 2.2 |
| Oxidized | |
| Microcrystalline Wax | 3.6 |
| Mineral Spirits | 94.2 |
No. 2
| Microcrystalline Wax | 5.0 |
| Silicone "DC-200" | 0.5 |
| "Ethomeen" 18/12 Acetate | 3.0 |
| Mineral Spirits | 10.0 |
| Water | 81.5 |
Heat the wax, silicone, mineral spirits and "Ethomeen" 18/12 acetate until the wax melts. Add the water to the wax very slowly at first with stirring. Then add the remainder of the water while continuing agitation. This formulation dries with a good gloss which upon buffing takes on a high luster.
Wax Paste Polish
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax | 30.0 |
| Beeswax | 30.0 |
| Naphtha | 50.0 |
| Triethanolamine | 4.3 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 65.0 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax | 30.0 |
| Beeswax | 30.0 |
| Naphtha | 50.0 |
| Monoethanolamine | 1.9 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 65.0 |
No. 3
| Carnauba Wax | 30.0 |
| Beeswax | 30.0 |
| Naphtha | 50.0 |
| Morpholine | 2.6 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 65.0 |
Liquid Cream Wax Polish
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax | 12.0 |
| Beeswax | 6.0 |
| Naphtha | 70.0 |
| Triethanolamine | 4.8 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 180.0 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax | 12.0 |
| Beeswax | 6.0 |
| Naphtha | 70.0 |
| Monoethanolamine | 2.1 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 180.0 |
No. 3
| Carnauba Wax | 14.0 |
| Beeswax | 4.0 |
| Naphtha | 25.0 |
| Monoethanolamine | 2.0 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 240.0 |
No. 4
| Carnauba Wax | 12.0 |
| Beeswax | 6.0 |
| Naphtha | 70.0 |
| Morpholine | 3.0 |
| Stearic Acid | 8.0 |
| Water | 180.0 |
Automobile Polish
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax | 9.0 |
| Beeswax | 8.0 |
| Naphtha | 75.0 |
| Triethanolamine | 2.7 |
| Stearic Acid | 7.0 |
| Water | 75.0 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax | 9.0 |
| Beeswax | 8.0 |
| Naphtha | 75.0 |
| Monoethanolamine | 1.2 |
| Stearic Acid | 7.0 |
| Water | 75.0 |
No. 3
| Carnauba Wax | 9.0 |
| Beeswax | 8.0 |
| Naphtha | 75.0 |
| Morpholine | 1.7 |
| Stearic Acid | 7.0 |
| Water | 75.0 |
A steam-or hot-water-jacketed kettle is preferred for making wax polishes, as a satisfactory temperature must be maintained to prevent caking of the wax along the sides of the kettle and to avoid discoloration by overheating the wax. A paddle-type, hand-operated stirrer or a low-speed, large-bladed propeller is also suggested for successful operation. Since morpholine has a flash point of 100°F., it should no be added to the mixture in the presence of open flames. If the wax is melted by means of a gas burner, the gas should be turned off during the addition of the morpholine.
Melt the waxes and stearic acid, add the amine, and maintain the temperature at about 90°C. Add the naphtha slowly and stir until a clear solution is obtained and the temperature is 90 to 95°C. Avoid the use of open flames.
The method of adding the abrasive depends on the type used. An oil-absorbing abrasive, such as tripoli, should be well mixed with the hot naphtha solution of waxes just before the water is added. An abrasive that absorbs water, such as bentonite, is best stirred into the finished emulsion.
Heat the water to boiling, add it to the naphtha solution, and stir vigorously until a good emulsion is obtained. Continue stirring slowly until the emulsion has cooled to room temperature.
The proportions of waxes can be changed as desired, depending on the ease of polishing required and the hardness of the final film. A high-melting hydrocarbon wax can be used in place of all or part of the beeswax with good results. When the primary use of the automobile polish is for polishing rather than as a cleaning and polishing combination, it will be more satisfactory without an abrasive.
Liquid Floor Polish
Formula No. 1
| "Estawax" 20 | 4.5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (140°F. AMP) | 7-6 |
| Stoddard Solvent | 89 |
No. 2
| "Estawax" 25 | 4-5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (140°F. AMP) | 7-6 |
| Stoddard Solvent | 89 |
Heat the solvent to 180°F. and add the molten waxes. Cool with stirring and pour into containers at 100 to 140°F. Do not stir rapidly when the mixture approaches the pouring temperaure. Rapid agitation will affect the crystal formation adversely and may cause separation of the solvent.
Water-Emulsion Floor Waxes
Formula No. 1
| a | "Duroxon" J-324 | 39.0 |
| "Shanco" 300 Resin | 39.0 |
| Prime Yellow Carnauba Wax | 29.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 11.0 |
| Morpholine | 7.5 |
| Borax | 4.5 |
| Potassium Hydroxide | 0.4 |
| Water | To 12% solids |
| Add the melted wax to water. | |
| b | "Durez" 15546 | |
| 12% Ammonia cut | |
| Mix 80 parts of a with 20 parts of b. | |
No. 2
| a | "Duroxon" J-324 | 39.0 |
| "Shanco" 300 Resin | 39.0 |
| "Duroxon" H-110 | 29.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 5.0 |
| Morpholine | 11.0 |
| Borax | 4.5 |
| Potassium Hydroxide | 0.4 |
| Water | To 12% solids |
| b | "Durez" 15546 | |
| 12% Ammonia cut | |
| Mix 80 parts of a with 20 parts of b. | |
No. 3
| a | "Duroxon" J-324 | 20.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 2.0 |
| 3-Methoxy propylamine | 1.5 |
| Water | To 13% solids |
| b | "Ludox" Reduced to 13% solids | |
| c | Manila Loba C Resin Dispersion 13% | |
| Mix 50 parts of a with 25 parts of each b and c. | |
No. 4
| "Duroxon" J-324 | 20 |
| "Shanco" 300 Resin | 20 |
| Oleic Acid | 4 |
| Morpholline | 6 |
| Water | To 15% solids |
No. 5
| "Duroxon" H-110 | 20 |
| "Durez" 219 Resin | 20 |
| 2-Amino 2-Methyl | |
| I-Propanol | 6 |
| Water | To 13% solids |
No. 6
| a | "Duroxon" H-110 | 12.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 2.4 |
| Morpholine | 1.6 |
| Water | To 15% solids |
| b | "Ubatol" 2001 | 50 |
| Water | 50 |
Add the melted wax to the water. Mix 60 parts of a with 40 parts of b.
No. 7
| a | "Duroxon" H-110 | 50 |
| Morpholine | 6 |
| Water | To 12% solids |
Liquid Solvent Wax
Formula No. 1
| "Duroxon " R-21 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits or | 90 |
| Mineral Spirits and | 80 |
| Turpentine | 10 |
| Gel -point : Less than -4°F. | |
No. 2
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 3.4 |
| "FT" Wax 300 | 3.3 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 3.3 |
| Mineral Spirits | 90.0 |
| Gel -point : Less than -4°F. | |
No. 3
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 10 |
| Mineral Spirits | 90 |
| Gel -point : Less than -4°F. | |
No. 4
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 50 |
| Turpentine | 40 |
Gel -point : Less than 14°F.
No. 5
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 7.5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 7.5 |
| Mineral Spirits or | 85.0 |
| Mineral Spirits and | 75.0 |
| Turpentine | 10.0 |
| Gel -point : 29°F. | |
No. 6
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 7.5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 7.5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 60.0 |
Turpentine 25.0
Gel Point: 32°F.
No. 7
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 5 |
| "FT" Wax 300 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 85 |
| Gel-Point : 35.6°F. | |
No. 8
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 7.5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 7.5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 50.0 |
| Turpentine | 35.0 |
| Gel Point: 39.5°F. | |
No. 9
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 10 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| 126/130°F. AMP) | 10 |
| Mineral Spirits | 80 |
| Gel Point: 39.5°F. | |
No. 10
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 5 |
| "FT" Wax 300 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 75 |
| Turpentine | 10 |
| Gel Point: 41°F. | |
No. 11
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 7.5 |
| Paraffin | Wax |
| 126/130°F. AMP) | 7.5 |
| Silicone Oil (350 cstks.) | 2.0 |
| Mineral Spirits | 83.0 |
No. 12
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 3.5 |
| Silicone Oil (350 cstks.) | 3.5 |
| Stoddard Solvent | 20.0 |
| Mineral Spirits | 73.0 |
The Waxes are melted together at a temperature of 212 to 225° F. While agitating strongly, the mineral spirit, respectively the blend of mineral spirit and turpentine is slowly added in a steady stream. Then the heat is shut off and agitation is continued while cooling the mass to room temperature.
Where "FT" Wax 300 is part of the formula, the waxes are heated in the presence of approximately 20 to 30% of the total quantity of solvent until a clear solution results. For this purpose temperatures of approximately 200 to 212°F. are recommended. Only when such a clear solution is achieved. the balance of solvent is added. This procedure can be recommended as a matter of general practice in order to prevent any separation of wax components or premature crystallization.
No. 13
| "Duroxon" E-321 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 90 |
Products with a higher viscosity can be obtained by adding "Duroxon" J-324 to the composition.
No. 14
| "Duroxon" E-321 | 5 |
| "Duroxon" J-324 | 1 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 4 |
| Mineral Spirits | 90 |
A further viscosity increase can be obtained without change of solids content if, in the place of mineral spirits fresh spirits of gum turpentine is used. When blends of turpentine and mineral spirits are used, the viscosity depends on the proportion of turpentine.
| No.15 | No.16 | No.17 | No.18 |
| "Duroxon" E-321 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 9 |
| "Duroxon" J-324 | _ | 1 | _ | 1 |
| Paraffin Wax | | | | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 |
| Mineral Spirits | 85 | 85 | 80 | 80 |
No. 19
| "Duroxon" E-321 | 9 |
| Microcrystalline Wax | |
| (150/160°F). | 1 |
| Paraffin Wax | |
| (126/130°F. AMP) | 10 |
| Mineral Spirits | 80 |
Small quantities of nonionic emulsifiers may be added to liquid solvent wax formulations. Such emulsifiers prevent agglomeration of crystalline particles and improve gel-formation. Emulsifiers of the type "Igepal" CO-880, 'Emulphor" ON-870, "Hoechst" 2106, "Atlas" G-3960, and others suitable for this purpose. They are melted together with the waxes.
The liquid wax dispersions described in the preceding paragraphs may be prepared according to the following procedure : Heat the waxes until a clear melt results. For this, a temperature of 212 to 230°F. is recommended. Then start the agitation and add the solvent in a steady stream, making sure that the temperature never drops below 185°F. Where limitations in plant equipment do not permit the melting of the waxes at the temperatures indicated, the melt with the solvent should be held at 185 to 190°F. with agitation for a certain length of time in order to assure complete solution of the highest melting wax components and any polyethylene in the formula. This step will also prevent premature crystallization of a part of the wax components which would later which would later result in separation and settling. After cooling the wax to room temperature with constant agitation, it may be passed through a homogenizer for further increasing its smoothness.
Floor Polish Paste
| "Duroxon" R-11 | 6 |
| "Durmont" 500 Refined | |
| Montan Wax | 4 |
| Carnauba Wax No. | 3 |
| North Country | 4 |
| Paraffin Wax |
| 143/150°F. Fully Refined | 11 |
| Mineral Spirits | 75 |
The waxes and paraffin are melted together and then the slightly prewarmed solvent is added with good stirring. Solution should be complete, Otherwise, reheat slightly. Then cool with agitation to a temperature of 110 to 115°F. and pour into cans.
Automobile Cleaner-Polish
| "Duroxon" R-11 | 10.0 |
| "Durmont" 500 | 5.0 |
| Carnauba Wax No. | 3 |
| North Country | 5.0 |
| Silicone Oil 350 centistokes | 5.0 |
| "Snow Floss" | 10.8 |
| No. 292 Air Floated | |
| Cream Tripoli | 1.2 |
| Mineral Spirits | 63.0 |
Melt the waxes ; in a separate container the silicone oil is mixed with the mineral spirits and heated to approximately 120° F. This solution is added slowly with agitation to the wax melt. Solution must be complete, otherwise, reheat slightly. Then, while agitating, add the "Snow Floss" and the Tripoli. Cool the solution to 120° F. with continued agitation. Then pour in to cans and allow to cool undisturbed.
Bright Drying Floor Wax
Emulsion
Formula No. 1
| a | "Duroxon" J-324 | 150 |
| Oleic Acid | 10 |
| Morpholine | 17 |
| Monethanolamine | 3 |
| Water | To make 1000 |
| (Appx. 16% solids) | |
| b | "Shanco" L-1001 | 160 |
| Ammonia (28%) | 36 |
| Water | 804 |
Final Composition
| a | 85 parts (by volume) | |
| b | 15 parts (by volume) | |
This product can be readily made by conventional procedures. When the " water-to-wax" method of manufacture is used, it can be modified by reducing the amount of amine (morpholine and monethanolamine) recommended for a. It is also possible to employ other leveling resins than the recommended "Shanco" L-100.
No. 2
| a | "Duroxon" J-324 | 100.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 14.0 |
| Morpholine | 14.3 |
| Monethanolamine | 3.1 |
| Water | To make 712.0 |
| (16% solids) | |
| b | "Ubatol" U-2003 @ 40% | 100.0 |
| Plasticizer KP-140 | 2.6 |
| Dibatyl Phthalate | 3.3 |
| Water | 46.6 |
| c | "Durez" 15546 resin | 140.0 |
| Ammonia (28%) | 21.8 |
| Water | 838.2 |
Final composition (Add in the order listed)
| a | 36.5 |
| Water | 26.0 |
| b | 23.5 |
| c | 14.0 |
It is recommended that a be prepared by the "wax-to-water" method. This emulsion should be almost completely transparent. Best leveling is usually obtained after the final composition has been allowed to stand undisturbed for at least 24 hours.
Silicone Polishing Cloth
German Patent 941,309
| a | Methylpolysiloxane Oil | 12 |
| Isopropanol | 6 |
| Triethylamine | 7 |
| Oleic Acid | 1 |
| b | Cresol Soap Solution (1%) | 175 |
Mix a and pour into b. Impregate soft cotton cloth with above for 15 minutes ; squeeze and dry.
Mineral Oil Emulsion Polish
| Mineral Oil (Light) | 40.0 |
| "Ethofat" 60/15 | 2.5 |
| "Ethofat" 60/20 | 2.5 |
| Water | 55.0 |
Dissolve the "Ethofat" 60/15 and "Ethofat" 60/20 in the mineral oil using heat if necessary. The water is then added to the oil with agitation.
Aerosol Polish
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 3.0 |
| Silicone ("Dow" DC-200, 50 CS) | 1.8 |
| Naphtha | 50.2 |
| "Genetron" 12 | 45.0 |
Melt the "A-C" polyethylene 629, add the silicone and bring to 230°F. Heat naphtha to 158-176°F. and add slowly keeping temperature at 185 to 194°F.( solution should be clear and homogenous). Continue agitation and cool to room temperature, charge to aerosol containers, cool, and pressure fill with "Genetron".
To apply, spray light coat on clean surface and buff to high gloss.
Aerosol Waxless Polish
| Lauric Isopropylamide | 0.5 |
| Methylene Chloride | 25.0 |
| Trichlorompnofluoromethane | 25.0 |
| Difluorodichloromethane | 50.0 |
| Dimethylpolysiloxane | 2.0 |
Auto Cleaner Polish
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 13.0 |
| Silicone ("Dow" DC-200, 500 CS) | 8.0 |
| Stearic Acid | 7.0 |
| Morpholine | 1.7 |
| Water | 150.0 |
| Naphtha | 100.0 |
| J.M. "Snow. Floss" | 20.0 |
Melt the "A-C" Polyethylene and stearic acid together and add the silicone Cool to 221 to 230°F, and add the morpholine. Heat the naphtha to 158 to 176°F. and add slowly with stirring, holding the temperature at 185 to 194°F. (solution should be clear and homogeneous). Add the water (185 to 194°F.) with moderate agitation. Finally add the "Snow Floss" and cool with agitation to room temperature. To apply, rub in well to assure removal of surface film, allow to dry and wipe off.
Ball Bearing Polish
| Spindle Oil | 15-35 |
| Kerosene | 15-35 |
| Stearin | 2-5 |
| Graphite Powder | 1-3 |
| Emery Powder M-14 | 24-7 |
Metal Polish
| Formula | No. 1 | No. 2 |
| Polyethylene glycol 1500 | 35 | 50 |
| "Tergitol" Nonionic NPX | 3 | 3 |
| Citric Acid | 5 | - |
| Sodium Chloride | 5 | - |
| Bentonite | 8 | 9 |
| "MultiCel" 000 | 19 | 21 |
| Water | 25 | 29 |
Stir polyethyleneglycol 1500, water, and "Tergitol" nonionic NPX until a clear solution is obtaind. If polish No. 1 is being formulated, add the citric acid and sodium chloride and stir until dissolved. Then, for both polishes, add the "MultiCell" 000 and the bentonite and stir until a smooth paste is obtained.
No. 3
| "Carbowax" Polyethyleneglycol 1500 | 35 |
| "Tergitol" Anionic 7 | 3 |
| Citric Acid | 5 |
| Sodium Chloride | 5 |
| Bentonite | 8 |
| "MultiCel" 000 | 19 |
| Water | 25 |
Mix "Carbowax", water, and anionic, and stir until a clear solution is obtained. Add the citric acid and sodium chloride and stir until dissolved. Then add the "MultiCel" 000 and the bentonite and stir until a smooth paste is obtained.
Chemical Polishing of Steel Japanese Patent 2817
| Hydrogen Peroxide (30%) | 4 |
| Hydrofluoric Acid | 4 |
| Hydrochloric Acid (d. 1.1 S) | 1 |
Immerse steel for 10 minutes, then wash with water.
Chemical Polishing of Aluminium Japanese Patent 2962
| Phosphoric Acid | 100 cc. |
| Potassium Nitrate | 5-20 g. |
| Copper Sulfate | 0.05-1 g. |
Alkaline Aluminum Cleaner
| Anhydrous Sodium Metasilicate | 30 |
| Alkyl Aryl Sodium Sulfonate (85%) | 10 |
| Trisodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate | 35 |
| Soda Ash | 20 |
| Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Anhydrous | 5 |
Metal Cleaner
| Sodium Metasilicate, Pentahydrate | 34.5 |
| Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic | 12.0 |
| Trisodium Phosphate, Dodecahydrate | 33.5 |
| "Tergitol" Nonionic NPX | 5.2 |
| Sodium Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate | 14.8 |
Silver Cleaner
| "Tergitol" Nonionic NPX | 6.5 |
| "Carbowax" Polyethyleneglycol 400 | 4.0 |
| Ammonium Carbonate | 2.6 |
| "Ivory" Soap | 1.5 |
| Chalk | 6.5 |
| "MultiCel" 000 | 26.4 |
| Water | 52.5 |
Dissolve the soap in part of the water, heating to obtain solution. Add the rest of the water and cool to room temperature. Add the ammonium carbonate, stir until dissolved, and then stir in nonionic NPX and "Carbowax" polyethyleneglycol 400. Add the abrasives and stir until throughly mixed and a smooth paste is obtained. The polish will become somewhat stiffer on standing several days. The amount of abrasives can be varied to obtain the desired viscosity.
Silver Polish (Dip)
| Thiourea | 8.0 |
| Hydrochloric Acid | 1.0 |
| Wetting Agent | 0.3 |
Paste Polish
| Formula | No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 |
| "Epolene" N. | 20 | 20 | 18 | 15 |
| Paraffin Wax | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Beeswax | - | 4 | 4 | - |
| Carnauba | - | - | 2 | 5 |
| "DC-200" (silicone oil) | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Turpentine | 30 | - | - | - |
| "Amsco" 46 spirits | - | 40 | 32 | - |
| VM&P naphtha | 20 | - | - | - |
| "Solvesso" 100 | - | 30 | 40 | 32 |
| "Stoddard" solvent | 20 | - | - | 40 |
In the preparation of these polishes, the waxes and solvents are heated to approximately 200°F. or until a clear solution is obtained. The mixture is then cooled with agitation until the first sign of cloudiness after which the mixture is poured into a container and allowed to solidify. It has been found that homogenization of the muxture just after the first sign of cloudiness tends to give a much smoother paste.
No. 5
| "A-C" Polyethylene 629 | 15 |
| Carnauba wax | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax | 5 |
| Turpentine | 25 |
| Naphtha | 50 |
Melt the "A-C" Polyethylene and the waxes together and cool to 212°F. Heat the turpentine to 122 to 140°F. and add to the melt with stirring. Heat the naphtha to 122 to 140°F. and add with stirring. Continue agitation until the polish cools to 131°F. and pour into container.
Apply in an even film and buff to a high gloss.
Antislaking Buffing Composition
Formula No. 1
| Vienna Lime | 65 |
| Stearic Acid | 15 |
| Acidless Tallow | 15 |
| N-Tallow Trimethyldiamine | 5 |
No. 2
| Vienna Lime | 77 |
| Stearic Acid | 14 |
| Acidless Tallow | 6 |
| N-Tallow-N, N', N'-Tris | |
| (hydroxyethyl) trimethylene diamine | 3 |
Lime Buffing Composition
| Lime | 70-80 |
| Stearic Acid | 10-20 |
| Petrolatum | 1-6 |
| Tallow | 2-5 |
| Tertiary Amine | 0.1-5 |
Abrasive Vehicle (Oil)
| Diesel Oil | 82.99 |
| Lard Oil | 12.97 |
| Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate | 2.04 |
| #1 cup Grease | 2.00 |
Razor Strop Compound
| Sodium Benzoate | 10 ft. oz. |
| Water | 10 ft. oz. |
| Gum Arabic | 2 oz. |
Insecticidal Floor Wax
Formula No. 1
(For Ants)
| a | Carnauba Wax or Blend | 45.0 |
| Technical Chlordane | 2.5 |
| "Carbitol" | 7.0 |
| "Tween" 80 | 12.0 |
| Water | 410.0 |
| b | Standard Shellac or | |
| Resin Dispersion | 94.0 |
No. 2
(For Flies)
| n | Carnuaba Wax or Blend | 45.0 |
| 98% DDT | 2.5 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.0 |
| "Tween" 80 | 12.0 |
| Water | 410.0 |
| b | Shellac Dispersion | 94.0 |
No. 3
(For Bugs)
| a | Carnauba Wax or Blend | 40.0 |
| Beeswax | 5.0 |
| 95% Lindane | 2.5 |
| "Carbitol" | 7.0 |
| "Tween" 80 | 12.0 |
| Water | 410.0 |
| b | Shellac Dispersion | 94.0 |
| Opaque-White Nonrubbing | |
Floor Wax
In preparing opaque-white nonrubbing carnauba wax dispersions, use light-colored ingredients, a minimum amount of dispersing agents, and a mutual solvent.
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 47.5 |
| White Oleic Acid | 4.0 |
| Soap Flakes | 3.3 |
| "Carbitol" | 7.1 |
| Triethanolamine | 2.0 |
| Water | 411.1 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 47.3 |
| White Oleic Acid | 4.0 |
| Soap Flakes | 3.3 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.0 |
| Triethanolamine | 2.0 |
| Water | 411.4 |
No. 3
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 47.3 |
| White Oleic Acid | 6.0 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.0 |
| Morphloline | 3.7 |
| Water | 411.0 |
No. 4
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 47.3 |
| White Oleic Acid | 6.0 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.0 |
| 2- Amino 2-Methyl 1- Propanol | 3.3 |
| Water | 411.4 |
No. 5
| Carnauba Wax No.1 | 47.5 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.1 |
| "Tween" 80 | 9.5 |
| Water | 410.9 |
No. 6
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 35.6 |
| "Mekon" Y-20 | 11.9 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.1 |
| "Tween" 80 | 9.5 |
| Water | 411.0 |
No. 7
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 35.6 |
| Bleached Beeswax | 11.9 |
| Butyl "Cellosolve" | 7.1 |
| "Tween" 80 | 9.5 |
| Water | 411.0 |
No. 8
| Carnauba Wax No. 1 | 35.6 |
| "Mekon"Y-20 | 8.0 |
| Bleached Beeswax | 4.0 |
| "Carbitol" | 7.0 |
| "Tween" 80 | 9.5 |
| Water | 411.0 |
Wax dispersions are prepared by adding boiled water, containing the amine (if used) to the melted wax mixed with the other ingredients. Where soap flakes are used, they are dispersed in the melted wax before the water solution is added.
Floor-Wax Emulsion
Formula No. 1
| "Chlorowax" 70 | 17.0 |
| "Crown" Wax 23 | 66.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 8.3 |
| Morpholine | 9.0 |
| Water | 730.0 |
Melt the waxes together and add the oleic acid and morpholine with stirring. Maintain the gel at 200 to 210°F. and add hot water at 205 to 210°F., slowly at first, with rapid stirring. After the gel inverts to an oil-in-water emulsion, you may add the water more rapidly. After half the water has been added, discontinue the heat and cool the batch as rapidly as possible while the remainder of the water is added at room temperature, with slow agitation.
No. 2
| "Chlorowax" 70 | 7.7 |
| Carnauba Wax | 5.8 |
| "Crown" Wax 23 | 64.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 7.7 |
| Triethanolamine | 9.7 |
| Borax | 5.2 |
| Water | 730.0 |
Use the procedure given under formula 1, but add the borax, dissolved in 25 lb. of boiling water slowly to the mixture of waxes and emulsifier.
Nonrubbing Floor Wax
Formula No. 1
| North-Country Carnauba Wax No. 3 | 4.65 |
| "Cardis" 319 Wax | 4.65 |
| "Triton" X-100 | 1.50 |
| Morpholine | 0.85 |
| Water | 88.35 |
Melt and mix the waxes in a steam-jacketed kettle (or in a water bath, etc.), add the "Triton" and stir in until dissolved ; then mix in the morpholine ; slowly add boiling water, a small portion at a time homogeneously absorbed, with constant agitation, until the first formed water-in-oil emulsion suddenly inverts to oil-in-water. Then add the balance of the water more rapidly, with agitation. Let cool.
If making up a small amount, e.g., 5 gal. or less, hand stirring is sufficient for the agitation, but mechanical agitation is still to be preferred.
The final one third or one quarter of the water can be added cold and mixed in.
After the prepartion is made up to volume, it is not necessary to continue the agitation while cooling.
Resin or shellac solutions (10 to 20%) can be stirred in hot or cold, as is the common practice with water-emulsion floor waxes.
No. 2
| "Cardis" 314 | 55.0 |
| "Durez" 219 | 25.0 |
| Refined Carnauba Wax No. 3 | 25.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 15.0 |
| Morpholine | 5.0 |
| Borax | 8.0 |
| Caustic Potash | 0.4 |
| Water | To make 1000.0 |
| Shellac-Substitute Solution | 250.0 |
Melt the "Cardis", "Durez", carnauba wax, and oleic acid ; cool to 210° F. Then add the morpholine and stir 10 minutes at 210°F. Add the borax and caustic potash dissolved in 30 ml. boiling water and stir 10 minutes.
Pour the hot wax blend into the total volume of water at 210°F. under strong agitation. cool, adjust the pH at 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonia, if necessary, and add the shellac substitute solution (12% "Durez" 15546) in water.
The finished emulsion shows perfect water resistance, very good gloss, leveling, and wetting properties. The heat stability is very good. The freezing stability is fair and can be improved to perfection by using 3 g. of 2-amino 2-methyl propanol in addition to the indicated 5 g. morpholine. The water resistance of the last formulation is good for practical purposes.
No. 3
| "Cardis" One | 60.0 |
| "Durez" 219 | 40.0 |
| "Warco" 180 White | 20.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 8.0 |
| Morpholine | 9.0 |
| Borax | 8.0 |
| Caustic Potash | 0.4 |
| Water | To make 1000.0 |
| Shellac-Substitute Solution | 250.0 |
Melt the "Cardis" One, "Durez," " Warco," and oleic acid and cool to 210°F. Add the morpholine and stir 10 minutes at 210°F. Add the borax and caustic potash, dissoved in 30 ml. boiling water, and stir 10 minutes. Pour the hot wax blend into the total volume of water at 210°F. under strong agitation ; cool, adjust the pH at 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonia, if necessary, and add the shellac-substitute solution (12% " Durez" 15546 in water).
No. 4
| "Cardis"314 | 57.0 |
| "Durez" 219 | 48.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 10.0 |
| Morpholine | 5.0 |
| Borax | 8.0 |
| Caustic Potash | 0.4 |
| Water | To make 1000.0 |
| Shellac-substitute solution | |
| ("Durez" 15546, 12% Solids) | 250.0 |
Melt the "Cardis", "Durez" and oleic acid and cool to 210° F. Add the morpholine and stir 10 minutes at 210° F. Add the borax and caustic potash, dissoved in 30 ml. boiling water, and stir 10 minutes at 210° F. Pour the hot wax blend in to the total volume of water at 210°F. under strong agitation, cool, adjust the p H at 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonia water and add the " Durez" 15546 solution of 12% solid content, or as desired.
No. 5
| "Cardis" One | 50.0 |
| "Durez" 219 | 40.0 |
| "Warco" 180 White | 30.0 |
| Morpholine | 3.0 |
| Soap | 12.0 |
| Caustic Potash | 0.4 |
| Water | To make 1000.0 |
| Shellac-Substitute Solution | 250.0 |
Melt the "Cardis" One, "Durez", and "Warco" and cool to 210°F. Add the morpholine and stir 10 minutes at 210°F. Add the soap flakes and caustic potash dissolved in 40 ml. boiling water and stir 10 minutes.
Pour the hot wax blend into the total volume of water at 210°F. under strong agitation, cool, adjust the pH at 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonia, if necessary, and add the shellac-substitute solution (12% "Durez" 15546 in water).
No. 6
| "Cardis" One | 50.0 |
| "Durez" 219 | 40.0 |
| "Warco" 180 White | 30.0 |
| Oleic Acid | 8.0 |
| Morpholine | 9.0 |
| Borax | 8.0 |
| Caustic Potash | 0.4 |
| Water | To make 1000.0 |
| Shellac-Substitute solution | 250.0 |
Melt the "Cardis" One, "Durez," "Warco", and oleic acid and cool to 210°F.
Add the morpholine and stir 10 minutes at 210° F. Add the borax and caustic potash, dissolved in 30 ml. boiling water, and stir 10 minutes.
Pour the hot wax blend into the total volume of water at 210° F., under strong agitation, cool, adjust the pH at 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonia, if necessary, and add the shellac-substitute solution (12% "Durez" 15546 in water.)
The finished emulsion shows very good water ressistance, gloss, and leveling properties. The films are highly scuff and wear resistant.
Water-Emulsion Paste Waxes
Formula No. 1
| a | "FT" Wax" 200 | 12 |
| "Duroxon Acid C-60-A | 12 |
| Stearic Acid | 5 |
| "Lorol" 28 | 3 |
| Mineral Spirits | 15 |
| b | Water at 212°F. | 49 |
| Triethanolamine | 3 |
| Borax | 1 |
No. 2
| "Duroxon" H-110 | 10 |
| "Duroxon" C-60-A | 10 |
| "Alrosol" B | 1 |
| Morpholine | 4 |
| Water | 75 |
Pour hot water into the melted wax.
Liquid Solvent Waxes
Formula No. 1
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 5 |
| "FT Wax" 300 | 5 |
| Paraffin Wax (M.P. 133-135°F.) | 5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 85 |
No. 2
| "Duroxon" R-11 | 6.5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 93.5 |
Solvent-Type Paste Waxes and shoe Polishes
Formula No. 1
| "Duroxon" R-11 | 6 |
| Crude Carnauba Wax No. 3NC | 4 |
| Beeswax | 1 |
| Crude Paraffin Wax (M.P. 143-150°F.) | 19 |
| Turpentine | 35 |
| Mineral Spirits | 35 |
| Pouring Temperature : 120 to 130°F. | | |
No. 2
| "Duroxon" J-324 | 10 |
| "FT Wax" 300 | 10 |
| Paraffin Wax (M.P. 133-135°F.) | 10 |
| Mineral Spirits | 70 |
Stable Wax- Solvent Floor Polish
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax | 6 |
| Petrolatum | 12 |
| Beeswax | 12 |
| Turpentine | 70 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax | 6 |
| Petrolatum | 12 |
| Beeswax | 12 |
| Turpentine | 65 |
| "Aroclor" 1242 | 5 |
No. 3
| Carnauba Wax | 6 |
| Petrolatum | 12 |
| Beeswax | 12 |
| Turpentine | 60 |
| "Aroclor" 1242 | 10 |
After preparation, the products are poured, while liquid, into glass bottles and placed in storage.
Liquid Solvent Floor Wax
| "Duroxon" R-21 | 3.4 |
| White "FT Wax" 300 | 3.3 |
| Paraffin Wax (M.P. 133-135°F.) | 3.3 |
| Mineral Spirits | 90.0 |
Melt the waxes with 20% of the solvent ; then stir in the heated solvent; finally cool, with agitation, to room temperature.
This remains fluid at low temperatures.
Buffing Compound
| Silica Sand (200 Mesh) | 75 |
| Polyglycol Distearate | 20 |
| Beeswax | 2 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | 3 |
| Tartaric Acid | 6 |
The articles buffed with this compound are immersed in water, acidified with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, to complete cleaning.
Metal Abrasive
| Alumina | 74 |
| Stearic Acid | 26 |
| Heat and mix until uniform. |
Paste Wax Polish (Auto Wax)
| Carnauba Wax | 10.0 |
| Candelilla Wax | 5.0 |
| Yellow Ozokerite | 9.5 |
| Yellow Beeswax | 8.5 |
| Stearic Acid | .5 |
| Pine Oil | 5 |
| Wood Turpentine | 2.0 |
| Kerosene | 44.0 |
| Mineral Spirits | 20.0 |
(Floor and Furniture Wax)
| Carnauba Wax | 4.0 |
| Candelilla Wax | 2.0 |
| Yellow Ozokerite | 3.0 |
| Yellow Beeswax | 3.0 |
| Paraffin WAX | 10.0 |
| Pine Oil | 1.0 |
| Wood Turpentine | 10.7 |
| Mineral Spirits | 55.1 |
| VM&P Naphtha | 11.2 |
Melt waxes in steam bath or steam-jacketed kettle. Add solvents and heat until clear, if necessary. Cut off heat and cool to about 130 °F. Pour into containers and allow to solidity uncovered.
Liquid Wax Polish
| Bleached Montan Wax | 5 |
| Ozokerite | 2 |
| Paraffin Wax | 6 |
| Carnauba Wax | 2 |
| Turpentine | 80 |
| Diglycol Oleate | 3 |
Melt waxes at 100°C. and then cool to 85° C. Add turpentine and diglycol oleate. Stir till cold.
Auto Polish
Formula No. 1
| A.Paraffin Wax | 55 |
| Candelilla Wax | 20 |
| Durocer | 20 |
| Rezo Wax B | 55 |
| B.Turpentine | 45 |
| Naphtha | 205 |
Melt A at 90°C. until uniform and then add B.
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax (No.3 Refined) | 6.67 oz |
| Oleic Acid | 0.52 oz. |
| Potassium Hydroxide | .13 oz |
| Japan Wax | .27 oz. |
| Triethanolamine | .31 oz. |
| Powdered Borax | .13oz. |
| Ammonia (26°). in 3.5 oz. Water | 100 drops |
| Water | 26 oz. |
| Shellac Solution in 5 ¼ oz. Water | 5 3/8 oz. |
| Booster Solution in 5 ¼ oz. Water | 2 ¾ oz. |
| Water | 21 oz. |
The booster is made by adding 5 oz. Casein to 1 qt. water, mixing with a solution of ½ oz. potassium hydroxide in 2 oz. hot water, then adding 1 oz. of strong ammonia, 0,8 oz. of zinc sulfate in 2 oz. of boiling water, and finally ¼ oz. of yellow pine oil. The mixture is stirred until thick and 10 oz. cold water added. By omitting the final water (21 oz.), a no-rub floor polish is obtained. The emulsion is maintained by the potassium hydroxide and oleic acid, which form soap.
No. 3
| Water | 16.35 |
| Soap | 4.05 |
| Glycerin | 6.75 |
| Kerosene | 19.30 |
| Dibutyl Phthalate | 3.55 |
| Abrasive | 50.00 |
Windshield Glass Polish and Cleaner
| U.S. Patent 2,296,097 Feldspar | 12 |
| Calcium Carbonate | 8 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | ¾ |
| Bentonite | 3 |
Add sufficient water to make a thin cream before applying
Glass Polish
Boil about four ounces of comminuted castile soap in about one cup of water, pour the solution into 6.25 pounds of whiting, together with 1.5 ounces of aqueous ammonia, one ounce of olive oil and 0.5 ounce of oil of sassafras. The mass is mixed and kneaded until it has a relatively stiff moldable consistency.
Oven Polish
| Ozokerite | 38 |
| Paraffin Wax | 513 |
| Lampblack | 175 |
| Graphite | 600 |
| Carnauba Wax | 10 |
| Benzine | 800 |
Silver Polish
| Soap Flakes | 10 |
| Hot Water | 200 |
| Santomerse S | 20 |
| Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate | 5 |
| Swift's Carton Glue | 50 |
| Sodium Thiosulfate | 50 |
| Snow Floss (Diatomaceous Earth) | 40 |
| Polish for Gold and Soft Metals Soap | 20-25 |
| Coconut Oil | 1 |
| Precipitated Chalk | 25 |
| Kieselguh | 8 |
| Glycerin | 40-45 |
| Lemenone {Artificial Lemon Oil) | 1 |
The kieselguhr and chalk serve as abrasives, the Lemenone as a perfume, the oil to impart a certain amount of sheen to the metal, and the glycerin as a lubricating dispersing medium.
Metal Polishing Cloth
Stir a suspension of 100g. of calcium carbonate, 40 g. of kieselguhr, and 8 g. of rouge in 1 lt. of water and impregnate the cloths. Press out the excess liquid and dry the cloths at about 120°F. Then immerse the cloths in a hot 10 per cent solution of hard soap. Squeeze out excess fluid and dry again.
Chromium Polish
| Powdered Soap | 3 |
| Hot Water | 53 |
| Distilled Olein | 5 |
| Ammonia (10%) | 3 |
| Denatured Alcohol | 16 |
| Tripoli | 20 |
The ingredients should be mixed in the order given.
Leather Polish
| Carnauba Wax | 40 |
| Montan Wax | 60 |
| Paraffin Wax | 80 |
| Heat until molten and add a solution of : | |
| Oil Soluble Dye | 4 |
| Molten Stearic Acid | 15 |
| Add molten mass slowly with good stirring to: | |
| Turpentine | 300 |
| Allow to cool before using. | |
Liquid Leather Polish
| Crude Montan Wax | 10 |
| Carnauba Wax | 3 |
| Candelilla Wax | 3 |
| Ozokerite | 1 |
| Paraffin Wax | 5 |
| Diglycol Oleate | 25 |
| Water | 70 |
| Turpentine | 90 |
| Dye color | 5 |
Paste Leather Polish
| Bleached Montan Wax | 10 |
| Crude Montan Wax | 5 |
| Candelilla Wax | 4 |
| Carnauba Wax | 2 |
| Paraffin Wax | 5 |
| Diglycol Stearate | 3 |
| Water | 50 |
| Turpentine | 70 |
| Oil Soluble Color | 5 |
Shoe Polish Paste
(For Tubing)
| Candelilla Wax | 50 |
| Stroba Wax | 25 |
| Glyceryl Monostearate | 30 |
| or Diglycol Stearate Varsol | 250 |
| Water | 225 |
| Melt waxes; cool to 90°C.-add Varsol and | |
| Water at 90°C. | |
Wax Shoe Polish
| Durocer | 20 |
| Rezo Wax B | 25 |
| Paraffin Wax | 55 |
| Candelilla Wax | 20 |
| Turpentine | 45 |
| Sovasol # 4 | 205 |
| Melt and mix. | |
This makes a paste which gives a good shine. The solvent does not squeeze out when the mass is pressed and the mixture makes a firm jell. It should be poured at 90°C.
Colorless Shoe Polish
| Durocer (Synthetic Wax) | 11 oz. |
| Candelilla Wax | 11 oz. |
| Paraffin Wax | 80 oz. |
| Sovasol # 4 | 175 fl. oz. |
| Warm together and mix. | |
This produces a firm jell, on cooling, which polishes readily, is homogeneous and is not tacky.
Shoe Creams
Shoe creams are essentially emulsions of wax and a wax solvent in water, the stability of which is maintained by a small amount of soap. Two typical commercial neutral shoe creams suitable for use on very fine leather contain the following ingredients :
Formula No. 1
| Carnauba Wax | 6 |
| Paraffin Wax | 4 |
| Turpentine | 15 |
| Water | 70 |
| Hard (ordinary) Soap | 5 |
No. 2
| Carnauba Wax | 10 |
| Paraffin Wax | 10 |
| Turpentine | 15 |
| Water | 47 |
| Soft (Potash) Soap | 3 |
The waxes are melted together and mixed with the turpentine. The solution is then poured slowly into a boiling solution of the soap in water, meantime stirring vigorously to produce a stable emulsion. Stir until nearly ready to set and run into a container.
No. 3
| Paraffin Wax | 700 |
| Carnauba Wax | 500 |
| Montan Wax, Crude | 400 |
| Nigrosine Base | 100 |
| Candelilla Wax | 100 |
| Shellac Wax | 100 |
| Ozokerite | 100 |
| Turpentine | 8000 |
No. 4
| 1. | Candelilla Wax | 25 |
| 2. | Stroba Wax | 12 ½ |
| 3. | Diglycol Stearate S | 15 |
| 4. | Toluol | 125 |
| 5. | Water (Boiling) | 112½ |
Warm 1, 2, and 3 until melted. Keep temperature at 90 - 100°C. and add 4. Add 5 slowly with good mixing and continue mixing until temperature falls to 40°C. then pour into tubes.
Furniture Polish
Formula No. 1
| Spindle (Mineral) Oil | 20 |
| Chinawood Oil | 10 |
| Varnolene | 60 |
| Trigamine Stearate | 13 |
| Denatured Alcohol | 4 |
| Ammonia | 1 |
| Water | 120 |
| Mix well with a high-speed stirrer. | |
This makes a stable milky emulsion which polishes easily
No. 2
| Water | 400 |
| Albasol AR (Emulsifier) | 5 |
| Powdered Bentonite | 2.5 |
| Gum Karaya | 2.5 |
| Formalin (40%) | 3 |
| Methyl Salicylate | 0.5 |
| Pine Oil | 1.5 |
"Two-Tone" Furniture Polish
| A | |
| Varsol (Mineral Spirits) | 100 |
| Stove Oil (Kerosene) | 55 |
| Turpentine | 15 |
| Boiled Linseed Oil | 1/10 |
| Amyl Acetate | ½ |
| Soudan Orange | To color |
| B | |
| Water | 100 |
| Methanol | 45 |
| Glycerol | 10 |
| Acetic Acid | 5 |
| Tomato Red | To color |
Equal volumes of solutions A and B are placed in the bottles. This give two liquid layers of attractively contrasting colors. If too little linseed oil is used the two layers separate too quickly after shaking. If too much linseed oil is taken the polish dries dull.
Shake well and apply with a clean cloth.
Liquid Furniture and Floor Polish
| Carnauba Wax | 3.0 |
| Glyco Wax A | 3.0 |
| Candelilla Wax | 2.8 |
| Paraffin Wax | 3.3 |
| Linseed Oil Soap | .1 |
| Wood Turpentine | 12.5 |
| Mineral Spirits | 65.1 |
| VM&P Naphtha | 10.2 |
Put turpentine, mineral spirits, and naphtha in container and mix with high speed mixer. Add linseed oil soap. Melt waxes and add slowly. Mix until cold.
Floor Wax Remover
| Morpholine Oleate | 0.1 |
| Water | 99.9 |
Apply hot and leave on for three minutes. Scrub lightly to loosen wax and wash away.
Bright Drying Floor Polish (Emulsion) (Rubless)
Formula No. 1
A
| Candelilla Wax | 12.5 |
| Heat to 200°F. | |
| B | |
| Triethenolamine | 1.8 |
| Linolenic Acid | 1.7 |
| Borax | 1.0 |
| Water | 83.0 |
Heat to boiling Pour A into B stirring well
No. 2
| "Fine Melt" Congo | 120 |
| Caustic Soda | 3 |
| Morpholine | 12 |
| Water | 500 |
| Water | 100 |
| Carnauba Wax | 20 |
| Stearic Acid | 6 |
| Triethanolamine | 3 |
| Water | 100 |
| Water | 400 |
To 500 parts of water, add 3 parts of sodium hydroxide and 12 parts of morpholine. Heat this solution to 85 - 90°C. Using continued stirring, add the "fine melt" Congo slowly, taking about 15-20 minutes to add the entire amount. It is very important that the resin be ground to powder size.
Hold at 85 -90°C. for ½ hour, during which time 100 parts of water are added. The resin should now be completely dissolved.
In a separate container, melt together the carnauba wax and the stearic acid, and add slowly to the Congo mixture, always continuously stirring. Then add the triethanolamine and about 100 parts of hot water slowly, keeping the temperature around 80°C. The remaining 400 parts of water are added more quickly and the polish is allowed to cool to room temperature; water is added to compensate for evaporation loss, and the polish is then filtered.
This polish exhibits excellent gloss, good leveling properties, and very good water resistance.
No. 3
A polish with slightly loss gloss and water resistance than No.2
| "Fine Melt" Congo | 120 |
| Caustic Soda | 5 |
| Morpholine | 6 |
| Water | 500 |
| Water | 100 |
| Carnauba Wax | 20 |
| Stearic Acid | 6 |
| Triethanolamine | 3 |
| Water | 100 |
| Water | 400 |
| Same method as in No. 2. | |
The use of a protective colloid like casein is found to increase compatibility as well as the drying time of Congo polishes.
The stock casein solution is prepared according to the following formula:
| Casein | 500 |
| Water | 2360 |
| Borax | 75 |
| Pine Oil | 10 |
| Phenol | 5 |
The casein is soaked in 1900-2000 parts of water at room temperature for ½ hour, with stirring. The mixture is then gradually heated. When the temperature reaches 52-55°C., the borax is added either as a solid or dissolved in about 150 cc. of water. Heating is continued and the solution completed by holding the batch at about 75°C.for ½ hour, with stirring. Heat is removed, the phenol and pine oil are stirred into the solution, and the remainder of the water is added. When cooled sufficiently, additional water is added to make up for evaporation losses.
The casein solution is incorporated in the polish just after the addition of the resin and after the temperature has been held at 85-90°C for ½ hour.
No. 4
| "Fine Melt" Congo | 120 |
| Caustic Soda | 3 |
| Morpholine | 12 |
| Casein Solution | 60 |
| Water | 500 |
| Water | 100 |
| Carnauba Wax | 20 |
| Stearic Acid | 6 |
| Morpholine | 3 |
| Water | 100 |
| Water | 400 |
| Same methods as in No.2. | |
By increasing the amount of morpholine to dissolve the resin, the gloss of a polish is increased.
No. 5
| "Fine Melt" Congo | 120 |
| Caustic Soda | 10 |
| Triton W-30 | 5 |
| Casein Solution | 60 |
| Water | 500 |
| Water | 100 |
| Carnauba Wax | 20 |
| Stearic Acid | 6 |
| Morpholine | 3 |
| Water | 100 |
| Water | 400 |
| Same method as in No.1 | |
This polish has very good gloss and leveling properties but shows a decrease in water resistance as compared to the other polishes prepared with morpholine. Triton W-30 is leveling and wetting agent. Any similar agents may be used in its place.
No. 6
| "Fine Melt" Congo | 120 |
| Caustic Soda | 3 |
| Morpholine | 24 |
| Casein | 60 |
| Water | 500 |
| Water | 100 |
| Carnauba Wax | 30 |
| Stearic Acid | 7 |
| Morpholine | 3 |
| Water | 100 |
| Water | 400 |
| Same method as in No. 2 | |
The slight increase in carnauba wax helps greatly in improving the drying time of this polish.
Floor Wax
Formula No. 1
| Paraffin wax | 80 |
| Ozokerite | 45 |
| Acrawax C | 35 |
| Carnauba Wax | 25 |
| Benzine | 500 |
| Turpentine | 300 |
No. 2
| Yellow beeswax | 180 |
| Paraffin Wax | 45 |
| Turpentine | 135 |
| Benzine | 180 |
No. 3
| Paraffin Wax | 600 |
| Ozokerite | 60 |
| Bleached Montan Wax | 20 |
| Benzine | 900 |
| Turpentine | 300 |
| Pine Needle Oil | 20 |
Diamond abrasive
A shaped compact of diamond dust and copper powder is sintered by immersion at 800°C.in a bath of :
| Sodium Chloride | 1 |
| Calcium Chloride | 2 |
The absorbed salts are washed out of the pores by water after cooling
Synthetic Abrasive
Abrasive granules (Moh hardness 7.5-8.5) are made by fusing a mixture of the following for 1 hour at 1205°, cooling, and crushing the melt.
| Garnet Dust | 200 |
| Borax | 10 |
| Kaolin | 10 |
Auto Rubbing Compound
This paste rubbing compound is used for rubbing down fresh coats of lacquer or synthetic enamel. Apply with a damp cloth or waste. Rub until perfectly smooth and free from dirt specks, orange peel, etc.
| Air Floated Rose Tripoli | 33½ |
| Thin Mineral Oil | 61¼ |
| Kerosene | 1¾ |
| Pine oil | 1 |
| Oleic Acid | 3½ |
| Triethanolamine | 1¾ |
| Water | 22 |
Put water and triethanolamine into pan of a dough mixer. Premix mineral oil, kerosene, pine oil, and oleic acid and add slowly, with good stirring. Then work in the Tripoli until a smooth and uniform paste is obtained.
Buffing Compounds
| A | |
| Double Pressed Stearic Acid | 366 |
| Avirol WS (Wetting Agent) | 22 |
| Pyrophyllite, 200 mesh | 336 |
| Air Floated Tripoli | 336 |
Apply "A" to all except the edge of the "coloring" wheel, using that dry edge as a wiper section.
Should the work require an even higher luster, then add a touch of red rouge, "B," to the dry edge of the wheel.
| B. | |
| Double Pressed Stearic Acid | 180 |
| Avirol Ws | 20 |
| No. 00 Red Iron Oxide | 800 |
For spinning work the brass colored red with "A" and "B" cannot be surpassed in luster and freedom from scratches by the use of a "lime" composition.
If, on some non-spinning jobs, or nickel plate,"lime" rouge is desired, formula "C" is suggested:
C.
| Double Pressed Stearic Acid | 200 |
| Tallow Stearin | 30 |
| Avirol WS | 20 |
| Calcined Dolomite | 750 |
| For "coloring" chromium: | |
| D | |
| Double Pressed Stearic Acid | 120 |
| Tallow Stearin | 30 |
| Avirol Ws | 20 |
| Levigated Aluminum | 830 |
When an intermediate quality finish is required at a minimum cost and without a "cutting down" operation, a "cut and color" composition similar to "E" has proven very satisfactory.
| E | |
| Double Pressed Stearic Acid | 310 |
| Tallow Stearin | 15 |
| Avirol Ws | 20 |
| Double Ground Tripoli | 680 |
| F | |
This compound is applied to hardwood novelties on a buffing wheel or in a tumbling barrel. It a applied directly over the stained wood, and produces a high-luster, very smooth finish. It gives the luster of a resin finish with the slip and feel of a wax finish.
| Candelilla Wax | 30 lb. |
| Paraffin Wax | 25 lb. |
| Yellow Beeswax | 5 lb. |
| Diatomaceous Silica | 2 lb. |
| Mineral Spirits | 50 lb. |
| Oil Soluble Orange Dye | 5/16 oz. |
| Triethanolamine | 5 oz. |
| Trihydroxyethanyolamine Stearate | 12 lb |
| Water | 65 lb. |
| Resin Solution | 31 lb. |
| Ammonium Hydroxide (28%) | 3 lb. |
Put water, triethanolamine, and trihydroxyethylamine stearate in a steam-jacketed kettle and bring to 200.F. Melt waxes in another steam-jacketed kettle, stir in dye, silica and mineral spirits and bring to 200°F. Add this mixture to the water solution slowly, with vigorous stirring. Pre-mix resin solution and ammonia and add to the above solution. Cut off steam and stir occasionally until cold to prevent stratification. It will solidify to a smooth, soft paste. Yield 215 lbs.
Cream Buffing Wax
This compound is used with flexible-shaft mechanical buffers to produce a high polish on automobile finishes. It is non-scratching and leaves a protective wax film. The material is a heavy liquid cream emulsion, which is very stable.
| Carnauba Wax | 4 |
| Yellow Beeswax | 1¼ |
| Yellow Ozokerite Wax | ¾ |
| Paraffin Wax | 2 |
| Mineral Spirits | 18¾ |
| Diatomaceous Silica | 2¾ |
| Water | 164½ |
| Trihydroxyethylamine Stearate | 6 |
Put water in steam-jacketed kettle, add stearate, and heat to 165.F. Melt waxes and mineral spirits to 165.F. in water bath and stir in silica. Then a
